An examination of changes in autumn Eurasian snow cover and its relationship with the winter Arctic Oscillation using 20th Century Reanalysis version 3

Marshall, Gareth J.

doi:https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-663-2025

Articles | Volume 19, issue 2

https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-663-2025

© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-663-2025

© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Articles | Volume 19, issue 2

Research article

|

11 Feb 2025

Research article |

| 11 Feb 2025

An examination of changes in autumn Eurasian snow cover and its relationship with the winter Arctic Oscillation using 20th Century Reanalysis version 3

Gareth J. Marshall

Supplement

https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-663-2025-supplement

Data sets

Historical Soviet Daily Snow Depth (HSDSD), 1881 - 1995 (G01092, Version 2) R. Armstrong https://doi.org/10.7265/N5JW8BS3

ERA5 hourly data on single levels from 1940 to present H. Hersbach et al. https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.adbb2d47

NOAA/CIRES/DOE 20th Century Reanalysis (V3) NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory https://www.psl.noaa.gov/data/gridded/data.20thC_ReanV3.html

Met Office Integrated Data Archive System (MIDAS) Land and Marine Surface Stations Data (1853-current) Met Office https://cataologue.ceda.ac.uk/uuid/220a65615218d5c9cc9e4785a3234bd0

OGIMET Ogimet https://www.ogimet.com/gsynres.phtml.en

Northern Hemisphere teleconnection patterns Climate Data Center https://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/data/teledoc/telecontents.shtml

Short summary

Eurasian autumn snow cover (SC) can influence Northern Hemisphere weather in the following winter by affecting the Arctic Oscillation (AO) mode of atmospheric variability. Using data back to 1836, we show that there have been significant decreases in October and November SC. For the first time, we describe a robust relationship between September SC in northeastern Eurasia and the AO. In addition, the longer dataset reveals the temporal variability in previously identified SC–AO relationships.