The Cryosphere
The Cryosphere
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Articles | Volume 19, issue 11
Articles | Volume 19, issue 11
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-5983-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-5983-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 19, issue 11
Research article
 | 
20 Nov 2025
Research article |  | 20 Nov 2025

Temporal and vertical changes in snow microbial communities during the melting season below canopy in Northern Japan

Masato Ono, Kino Kobayashi, Daiki Seto, Fuki Konishi, Kaito Wada, Suzunosuke Usuba, and Nozomu Takeuchi

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Short summary
We described the temporal and vertical changes in biological communities, including snow algae, microinvertebrates, and snow fungi, within snowpacks in Northern Japan. Temporal changes in microbial activity, showing clear shifts across three defined periods of the melting season, were regulated by snow depth, temperature increase, and the phenology of trees above the snow surface, highlighting the complex interplay between physical and biological factors in shaping snow ecosystems.
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