The Greenland-Ice-Sheet evolution over the last 24&thinsp;000 years: insights from model simulations evaluated against ice-extent markers

Leger, Tancrède P. M.; Ely, Jeremy C.; Clark, Christopher D.; Bradley, Sarah L.; Archer, Rosie E.; Zhu, Jiang

doi:10.5194/tc-19-5719-2025

Articles | Volume 19, issue 11

https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-5719-2025

© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-5719-2025

© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Articles | Volume 19, issue 11

Research article

|

14 Nov 2025

Research article |

| 14 Nov 2025

The Greenland-Ice-Sheet evolution over the last 24 000 years: insights from model simulations evaluated against ice-extent markers

Tancrède P. M. Leger, Jeremy C. Ely, Christopher D. Clark, Sarah L. Bradley, Rosie E. Archer, and Jiang Zhu

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Total article views: 8,981 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)

HTML	PDF	XML	Total	Supplement	BibTeX	EndNote
5,165	3,646	170	8,981	507	148	194

HTML: 5,165
PDF: 3,646
XML: 170
Total: 8,981
Supplement: 507
BibTeX: 148
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Views and downloads (calculated since 10 Apr 2025)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Apr 2025	332	130	10	472
May 2025	124	46	0	170
Jun 2025	132	66	14	212
Jul 2025	92	112	4	208
Aug 2025	414	82	8	504
Sep 2025	1,160	92	6	1,258
Oct 2025	92	96	2	190
Nov 2025	442	157	18	617
Dec 2025	421	289	25	735
Jan 2026	556	832	21	1,409
Feb 2026	339	837	17	1,193
Mar 2026	299	461	13	773
Apr 2026	247	217	14	478
May 2026	178	162	7	347
Jun 2026	58	23	2	83
Jul 2026	279	44	9	332

Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 10 Apr 2025)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Apr 2025	332	130	10	472
May 2025	124	46	0	170
Jun 2025	132	66	14	212
Jul 2025	92	112	4	208
Aug 2025	414	82	8	504
Sep 2025	1,160	92	6	1,258
Oct 2025	92	96	2	190
Nov 2025	442	157	18	617
Dec 2025	421	289	25	735
Jan 2026	556	832	21	1,409
Feb 2026	339	837	17	1,193
Mar 2026	299	461	13	773
Apr 2026	247	217	14	478
May 2026	178	162	7	347
Jun 2026	58	23	2	83
Jul 2026	279	44	9	332

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Total article views: 8,981 (including HTML, PDF, and XML) Thereof 8,666 with geography defined and 315 with unknown origin.

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Latest update: 29 Jul 2026

Short summary

This study uses state-of-the-art computer simulations to better constrain the Greenland-Ice-Sheet's evolution over the past 24,000 years. By comparing model results with geological data, it reveals when and why the ice sheet grew and shrank, helping to improve future predictions of sea level rise and climate change.