Articles | Volume 17, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-1023-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-1023-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
02 Mar 2023
Research article |
| 02 Mar 2023
| 02 Mar 2023
Temporal stability of long-term satellite and reanalysis products to monitor snow cover trends
Ruben Urraca
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, Italy
Nadine Gobron
European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, Italy
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Cited
24 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Structural Similarity-Guided Siamese U-Net Model for Detecting Changes in Snow Water Equivalent K. Malik & C. Robertson https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17091631
- Latitude/elevation-dependent response of snow phenology to climate change in the Northern Hemisphere from 1972 to 2022 H. Guo et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2026.135331
- Comparative analysis of multiple ocean reanalysis datasets in the Arctic C. Yao et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-025-07842-1
- High-resolution models better simulate historical snowpack declines in the Upper Colorado River Basin A. Dixit et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ae4113
- A review of snowcover-based air pollution deposition research and model validation in Estonia since 1985 T. Tammekivi et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-026-02073-7
- Evaluation of snow cover properties in ERA5 and ERA5-Land with several satellite-based datasets in the Northern Hemisphere in spring 1982–2018 K. Kouki et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-5007-2023
- Temporal stability of a new 40-year daily AVHRR land surface temperature dataset for the pan-Arctic region S. Dupuis et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-6027-2024
- The Variability of Snow Cover and Its Contribution to Water Resources in the Chinese Altai Mountains from 2000 to 2022 F. Yu et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15245765
- Trends in precipitable water vapor in North America based on GNSS observation and ERA5 reanalysis Y. Zhao et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-024-07572-w
- Evaluation of high-resolution snowpack simulations from global datasets and comparison with Sentinel-1 snow depth retrievals in the Sierra Nevada, USA L. Sourp et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-597-2025
- Assessing the Fitness of Satellite Albedo Products for Monitoring Snow Albedo Trends R. Urraca et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2023.3281188
- An examination of changes in autumn Eurasian snow cover and its relationship with the winter Arctic Oscillation using 20th Century Reanalysis version 3 G. Marshall https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-663-2025
- Introduction to a 45-year (1979–2023) global daily snow cover fraction product from multiple AVHRR satellites with accuracy assessment X. Xiao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2026.115235
- Long-term snow cover trends in Sierra Nevada, Spain (1951–2021) J. Hidalgo-Hidalgo et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-026-04175-8
- Global total precipitable water variations and trends over the period 1958–2021 N. Wan et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2123-2024
- DReaMIT: a dynamical reanalysis framework for modelling surface-based temperature inversions in cold environments V. Pozsgay et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-7197-2026
- Determining the cause of inconsistent onset-season trends in the Northern Hemisphere snow cover extent record A. Elias Chereque et al. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adv7926
- Trajectory enhancement of low-earth orbiter thermodynamic retrievals to predict convection: a simulation experiment M. Richardson et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7699-2023
- Snow Cover Variability and Trends over Karakoram, Western Himalaya and Kunlun Mountains During the MODIS Era (2001–2024) C. Almagioni et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17050914
- Evaluating the performance of key ERA‐Interim, ERA5 and ERA5‐Land climate variables across Siberia A. Clelland et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.8456
- Characteristics of the spatiotemporal differences in snowmelt phenology in the Northern Hemisphere X. Li & H. Fan https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102358
- Interdecadal response of Eurasian snow water equivalent to sea surface temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere X. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.132888
- Snow droughts over 1951–2021 show a decreasing and then increasing trend G. Ari et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108237
- A long-term daily 500 m snow cover extent product over China (1981–2000) Y. Shen et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/20964471.2026.2648197
24 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Structural Similarity-Guided Siamese U-Net Model for Detecting Changes in Snow Water Equivalent K. Malik & C. Robertson https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17091631
- Latitude/elevation-dependent response of snow phenology to climate change in the Northern Hemisphere from 1972 to 2022 H. Guo et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2026.135331
- Comparative analysis of multiple ocean reanalysis datasets in the Arctic C. Yao et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-025-07842-1
- High-resolution models better simulate historical snowpack declines in the Upper Colorado River Basin A. Dixit et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ae4113
- A review of snowcover-based air pollution deposition research and model validation in Estonia since 1985 T. Tammekivi et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-026-02073-7
- Evaluation of snow cover properties in ERA5 and ERA5-Land with several satellite-based datasets in the Northern Hemisphere in spring 1982–2018 K. Kouki et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-5007-2023
- Temporal stability of a new 40-year daily AVHRR land surface temperature dataset for the pan-Arctic region S. Dupuis et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-6027-2024
- The Variability of Snow Cover and Its Contribution to Water Resources in the Chinese Altai Mountains from 2000 to 2022 F. Yu et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15245765
- Trends in precipitable water vapor in North America based on GNSS observation and ERA5 reanalysis Y. Zhao et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-024-07572-w
- Evaluation of high-resolution snowpack simulations from global datasets and comparison with Sentinel-1 snow depth retrievals in the Sierra Nevada, USA L. Sourp et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-597-2025
- Assessing the Fitness of Satellite Albedo Products for Monitoring Snow Albedo Trends R. Urraca et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2023.3281188
- An examination of changes in autumn Eurasian snow cover and its relationship with the winter Arctic Oscillation using 20th Century Reanalysis version 3 G. Marshall https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-663-2025
- Introduction to a 45-year (1979–2023) global daily snow cover fraction product from multiple AVHRR satellites with accuracy assessment X. Xiao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2026.115235
- Long-term snow cover trends in Sierra Nevada, Spain (1951–2021) J. Hidalgo-Hidalgo et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-026-04175-8
- Global total precipitable water variations and trends over the period 1958–2021 N. Wan et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2123-2024
- DReaMIT: a dynamical reanalysis framework for modelling surface-based temperature inversions in cold environments V. Pozsgay et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-7197-2026
- Determining the cause of inconsistent onset-season trends in the Northern Hemisphere snow cover extent record A. Elias Chereque et al. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adv7926
- Trajectory enhancement of low-earth orbiter thermodynamic retrievals to predict convection: a simulation experiment M. Richardson et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7699-2023
- Snow Cover Variability and Trends over Karakoram, Western Himalaya and Kunlun Mountains During the MODIS Era (2001–2024) C. Almagioni et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17050914
- Evaluating the performance of key ERA‐Interim, ERA5 and ERA5‐Land climate variables across Siberia A. Clelland et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.8456
- Characteristics of the spatiotemporal differences in snowmelt phenology in the Northern Hemisphere X. Li & H. Fan https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102358
- Interdecadal response of Eurasian snow water equivalent to sea surface temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere X. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.132888
- Snow droughts over 1951–2021 show a decreasing and then increasing trend G. Ari et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108237
- A long-term daily 500 m snow cover extent product over China (1981–2000) Y. Shen et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/20964471.2026.2648197
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 25 Aug 2026
Short summary
We evaluate the fitness of some of the longest satellite (NOAA CDR, 1966–2020) and reanalysis (ERA5, 1950–2020; ERA5-Land, 1950–2020) products currently available to monitor the Northern Hemisphere snow cover trends using 527 stations as the reference. We found different artificial trends and stepwise discontinuities in all the products that hinder the accurate monitoring of snow trends, at least without bias correction. The study also provides updates on the snow cover trends during 1950–2020.
We evaluate the fitness of some of the longest satellite (NOAA CDR, 1966–2020) and reanalysis...
