Articles | Volume 16, issue 12
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-5085-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-5085-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
22 Dec 2022
Research article |
| 22 Dec 2022
| 22 Dec 2022
Anthropogenic and internal drivers of wind changes over the Amundsen Sea, West Antarctica, during the 20th and 21st centuries
Paul R. Holland
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK
Gemma K. O'Connor
Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
Thomas J. Bracegirdle
British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK
Pierre Dutrieux
British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK
Kaitlin A. Naughten
British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK
Eric J. Steig
Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
David P. Schneider
National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
Adrian Jenkins
Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK
James A. Smith
British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK
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Cited
21 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Unavoidable future increase in West Antarctic ice-shelf melting over the twenty-first century K. Naughten et al. 10.1038/s41558-023-01818-x
- Speed-up, slowdown, and redirection of ice flow on neighbouring ice streams in the Pope, Smith, and Kohler region of West Antarctica H. Selley et al. 10.5194/tc-19-1725-2025
- The Influence of Bathymetry Over Heat Transport Onto the Amundsen Sea Continental Shelf M. Haigh et al. 10.1029/2022JC019460
- Short- and long-term variability of the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets E. Hanna et al. 10.1038/s43017-023-00509-7
- Characteristics and rarity of the strong 1940s westerly wind event over the Amundsen Sea, West Antarctica G. O'Connor et al. 10.5194/tc-17-4399-2023
- Antarctic sensitivity to oceanic melting parameterizations A. Juarez-Martinez et al. 10.5194/tc-18-4257-2024
- Long-term changes in the speed and direction of westerlies in the mid-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere (MLNH) H. Asakereh & A. Jahedi 10.1007/s11600-024-01525-x
- Uncertainty in the projected Antarctic contribution to sea level due to internal climate variability J. Caillet et al. 10.5194/esd-16-293-2025
- Melt sensitivity of irreversible retreat of Pine Island Glacier B. Reed et al. 10.5194/tc-18-4567-2024
- Recent irreversible retreat phase of Pine Island Glacier B. Reed et al. 10.1038/s41558-023-01887-y
- Widespread seawater intrusions beneath the grounded ice of Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica E. Rignot et al. 10.1073/pnas.2404766121
- The influence of subglacial lake discharge on Thwaites Glacier ice-shelf melting and grounding-line retreat N. Gourmelen et al. 10.1038/s41467-025-57417-1
- A framework for estimating the anthropogenic part of Antarctica’s sea level contribution in a synthetic setting A. Bradley et al. 10.1038/s43247-024-01287-w
- Geometric amplification and suppression of ice-shelf basal melt in West Antarctica J. De Rydt & K. Naughten 10.5194/tc-18-1863-2024
- A comparison of South Pacific Antarctic sea ice and atmospheric circulation reconstructions since 1900 R. Fogt et al. 10.5194/cp-20-53-2024
- Antarctic sea ice regime shift associated with decreasing zonal symmetry in the Southern Annular Mode S. Schroeter et al. 10.5194/tc-17-701-2023
- Synchronous retreat of Thwaites and Pine Island glaciers in response to external forcings in the presatellite era R. Clark et al. 10.1073/pnas.2211711120
- Dynamic Response to Ice Shelf Basal Meltwater Relevant to Explain Observed Sea Ice Trends Near the Antarctic Continental Shelf W. Huneke et al. 10.1029/2023GL105435
- Strong Ocean Melting Feedback During the Recent Retreat of Thwaites Glacier P. Holland et al. 10.1029/2023GL103088
- Coupled ice–ocean interactions during future retreat of West Antarctic ice streams in the Amundsen Sea sector D. Bett et al. 10.5194/tc-18-2653-2024
- Projected West Antarctic Ocean Warming Caused by an Expansion of the Ross Gyre F. Gómez‐Valdivia et al. 10.1029/2023GL102978
21 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Unavoidable future increase in West Antarctic ice-shelf melting over the twenty-first century K. Naughten et al. 10.1038/s41558-023-01818-x
- Speed-up, slowdown, and redirection of ice flow on neighbouring ice streams in the Pope, Smith, and Kohler region of West Antarctica H. Selley et al. 10.5194/tc-19-1725-2025
- The Influence of Bathymetry Over Heat Transport Onto the Amundsen Sea Continental Shelf M. Haigh et al. 10.1029/2022JC019460
- Short- and long-term variability of the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets E. Hanna et al. 10.1038/s43017-023-00509-7
- Characteristics and rarity of the strong 1940s westerly wind event over the Amundsen Sea, West Antarctica G. O'Connor et al. 10.5194/tc-17-4399-2023
- Antarctic sensitivity to oceanic melting parameterizations A. Juarez-Martinez et al. 10.5194/tc-18-4257-2024
- Long-term changes in the speed and direction of westerlies in the mid-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere (MLNH) H. Asakereh & A. Jahedi 10.1007/s11600-024-01525-x
- Uncertainty in the projected Antarctic contribution to sea level due to internal climate variability J. Caillet et al. 10.5194/esd-16-293-2025
- Melt sensitivity of irreversible retreat of Pine Island Glacier B. Reed et al. 10.5194/tc-18-4567-2024
- Recent irreversible retreat phase of Pine Island Glacier B. Reed et al. 10.1038/s41558-023-01887-y
- Widespread seawater intrusions beneath the grounded ice of Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica E. Rignot et al. 10.1073/pnas.2404766121
- The influence of subglacial lake discharge on Thwaites Glacier ice-shelf melting and grounding-line retreat N. Gourmelen et al. 10.1038/s41467-025-57417-1
- A framework for estimating the anthropogenic part of Antarctica’s sea level contribution in a synthetic setting A. Bradley et al. 10.1038/s43247-024-01287-w
- Geometric amplification and suppression of ice-shelf basal melt in West Antarctica J. De Rydt & K. Naughten 10.5194/tc-18-1863-2024
- A comparison of South Pacific Antarctic sea ice and atmospheric circulation reconstructions since 1900 R. Fogt et al. 10.5194/cp-20-53-2024
- Antarctic sea ice regime shift associated with decreasing zonal symmetry in the Southern Annular Mode S. Schroeter et al. 10.5194/tc-17-701-2023
- Synchronous retreat of Thwaites and Pine Island glaciers in response to external forcings in the presatellite era R. Clark et al. 10.1073/pnas.2211711120
- Dynamic Response to Ice Shelf Basal Meltwater Relevant to Explain Observed Sea Ice Trends Near the Antarctic Continental Shelf W. Huneke et al. 10.1029/2023GL105435
- Strong Ocean Melting Feedback During the Recent Retreat of Thwaites Glacier P. Holland et al. 10.1029/2023GL103088
- Coupled ice–ocean interactions during future retreat of West Antarctic ice streams in the Amundsen Sea sector D. Bett et al. 10.5194/tc-18-2653-2024
- Projected West Antarctic Ocean Warming Caused by an Expansion of the Ross Gyre F. Gómez‐Valdivia et al. 10.1029/2023GL102978
Discussed (final revised paper)
Latest update: 29 May 2025
Short summary
The Antarctic Ice Sheet is losing ice, causing sea-level rise. However, it is not known whether human-induced climate change has contributed to this ice loss. In this study, we use evidence from climate models and palaeoclimate measurements (e.g. ice cores) to suggest that the ice loss was triggered by natural climate variations but is now sustained by human-forced climate change. This implies that future greenhouse-gas emissions may influence sea-level rise from Antarctica.
The Antarctic Ice Sheet is losing ice, causing sea-level rise. However, it is not known whether...
