Articles | Volume 16, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1483-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1483-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
27 Apr 2022
Research article |
| 27 Apr 2022
| 27 Apr 2022
Influences of changing sea ice and snow thicknesses on simulated Arctic winter heat fluxes
Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
Marika M. Holland
Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
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Cited
17 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Antarctic sea ice surface temperature bias in atmospheric reanalyses induced by the combined effects of sea ice and clouds Z. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01692-1
- Assessment of the changing role of lower tropospheric temperature advection under arctic amplification using a large ensemble climate simulation dataset M. Hori & M. Yoshimori https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-023-06687-w
- A suite of coupled ocean-sea ice simulations examining the effect of regime shift in sea-ice thickness distribution on ice–ocean interaction in the Arctic Ocean H. Sumata et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-647-2026
- Sensitivity of Arctic Surface Temperature to Including a Comprehensive Ocean Interior Reflectance to the Ocean Surface Albedo Within the Fully Coupled CESM2 J. Wei et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023MS003702
- The Northeast Pacific Ocean and Northwest Coast of North America within the global climate system, 29,000 to 11,700 years ago D. Mann & B. Gaglioti https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104782
- Arctic Troposphere Warming Driven by External Radiative Forcing and Modulated by the Pacific and Atlantic L. Suo et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD036679
- Spatiotemporal Variations in Sea Ice Albedo: A Study of the Dynamics of Sea Ice Albedo in the Sea of Okhotsk Y. Zhou et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17050772
- Quantifying the interplay of sea ice meltwater and ice–albedo feedbacks in the Arctic ice-ocean system H. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-6807-2025
- Atmospheric destabilization leads to Arctic Ocean winter surface wind intensification M. Zapponini & H. Goessling https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01428-1
- Exploiting SMILEs and the CMIP5 Archive to Understand Arctic Climate Change Seasonality and Uncertainty Y. Wu et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL100745
- Snow thermal conductivity and conductive flux in the Central Arctic: Estimates from observations and implications for models A. Sledd et al. https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.2023.00086
- Winter Arctic Sea Ice Surface Form Drag During 1999–2021: Satellite Retrieval and Spatiotemporal Variability Z. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2023.3347694
- Cooler Arctic surface temperatures simulated by climate models are closer to satellite-based data than the ERA5 reanalysis T. Tian et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01276-z
- Development of ANN-Based Algorithm to Estimate Wintertime Sea Ice Temperature Profile Over the Arctic Ocean S. Baek et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2023.3293137
- Impact of modulating surface heat flux through sea ice leads on Arctic sea ice in EC-Earth3 in different climates T. Tian et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-2751-2025
- Insights into the North Hemisphere daily snowpack at high resolution from the new Crocus–ERA5 product S. Ramos Buarque et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-7227-2025
- How flat is flat? Investigating snow topography and the spatial variability of snow surface temperature on landfast sea ice using UAVs in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica J. Martin et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-6103-2025
17 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Antarctic sea ice surface temperature bias in atmospheric reanalyses induced by the combined effects of sea ice and clouds Z. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01692-1
- Assessment of the changing role of lower tropospheric temperature advection under arctic amplification using a large ensemble climate simulation dataset M. Hori & M. Yoshimori https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-023-06687-w
- A suite of coupled ocean-sea ice simulations examining the effect of regime shift in sea-ice thickness distribution on ice–ocean interaction in the Arctic Ocean H. Sumata et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-647-2026
- Sensitivity of Arctic Surface Temperature to Including a Comprehensive Ocean Interior Reflectance to the Ocean Surface Albedo Within the Fully Coupled CESM2 J. Wei et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023MS003702
- The Northeast Pacific Ocean and Northwest Coast of North America within the global climate system, 29,000 to 11,700 years ago D. Mann & B. Gaglioti https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104782
- Arctic Troposphere Warming Driven by External Radiative Forcing and Modulated by the Pacific and Atlantic L. Suo et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD036679
- Spatiotemporal Variations in Sea Ice Albedo: A Study of the Dynamics of Sea Ice Albedo in the Sea of Okhotsk Y. Zhou et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17050772
- Quantifying the interplay of sea ice meltwater and ice–albedo feedbacks in the Arctic ice-ocean system H. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-6807-2025
- Atmospheric destabilization leads to Arctic Ocean winter surface wind intensification M. Zapponini & H. Goessling https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01428-1
- Exploiting SMILEs and the CMIP5 Archive to Understand Arctic Climate Change Seasonality and Uncertainty Y. Wu et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL100745
- Snow thermal conductivity and conductive flux in the Central Arctic: Estimates from observations and implications for models A. Sledd et al. https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.2023.00086
- Winter Arctic Sea Ice Surface Form Drag During 1999–2021: Satellite Retrieval and Spatiotemporal Variability Z. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2023.3347694
- Cooler Arctic surface temperatures simulated by climate models are closer to satellite-based data than the ERA5 reanalysis T. Tian et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01276-z
- Development of ANN-Based Algorithm to Estimate Wintertime Sea Ice Temperature Profile Over the Arctic Ocean S. Baek et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2023.3293137
- Impact of modulating surface heat flux through sea ice leads on Arctic sea ice in EC-Earth3 in different climates T. Tian et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-2751-2025
- Insights into the North Hemisphere daily snowpack at high resolution from the new Crocus–ERA5 product S. Ramos Buarque et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-7227-2025
- How flat is flat? Investigating snow topography and the spatial variability of snow surface temperature on landfast sea ice using UAVs in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica J. Martin et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-6103-2025
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 01 Jun 2026
Short summary
High-latitude Arctic wintertime sea ice and snow insulate the relatively warmer ocean from the colder atmosphere. As the climate warms, wintertime Arctic conductive heat fluxes increase even when the sea ice concentrations remain high. Simulations from the Community Earth System Model Large Ensemble (CESM1-LE) show how sea ice and snow thicknesses, as well as the distribution of these thicknesses, significantly impact large-scale calculations of wintertime surface heat budgets in the Arctic.
High-latitude Arctic wintertime sea ice and snow insulate the relatively warmer ocean from the...
