Articles | Volume 15, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4281-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4281-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
07 Sep 2021
Research article |
| 07 Sep 2021
| 07 Sep 2021
Southern Ocean polynyas in CMIP6 models
Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
Céline Heuzé
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
Sebastiaan Swart
Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
Department of Oceanography, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
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Cited
35 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Environmental drivers of the spatio-temporal variations of chlorophyll-a within the coastal polynya in the Ross Sea M. Cha et al.
- The Southern Ocean Freshwater Input from Antarctica (SOFIA) Initiative: scientific objectives and experimental design N. Swart et al.
- Roles of Meridional Overturning in Subpolar Southern Ocean SST Trends: Insights from Ensemble Simulations L. Zhang et al.
- Reduced Deep Convection and Bottom Water Formation Due To Antarctic Meltwater in a Multi‐Model Ensemble J. Chen et al.
- Early Winter Triggering of the Maud Rise Polynya L. Zhou et al.
- Improving Antarctic Bottom Water precursors in NEMO for climate applications K. Hutchinson et al.
- Subpolar Southern Ocean Response to Changes in the Surface Momentum, Heat, and Freshwater Fluxes under 2xCO2 F. Dias et al.
- Antarctic Bottom Water in a changing climate S. Rintoul et al.
- Conservation of heat and mass in P-SKRIPS version 1: the coupled atmosphere–ice–ocean model of the Ross Sea A. Malyarenko et al.
- Assimilation of radar freeboard and snow altimetry observations in the Arctic and Antarctic with a coupled ocean/sea ice modelling system A. Chenal et al.
- Revisiting Interior Water Mass Responses to Surface Forcing Changes and the Subsequent Effects on Overturning in the Southern Ocean J. Tesdal et al.
- Water mass transformation variability in the Weddell Sea in ocean reanalyses S. Bailey et al.
- An Assessment of the Oceanic Physical and Biogeochemical Components of CMIP5 and CMIP6 Models for the Ross Sea Region G. Rickard et al.
- Bathymetric Control of Subpolar Gyres and the Overturning Circulation in the Southern Ocean E. Wilson et al.
- Emerging long-term trends and interdecadal cycles in Antarctic polynyas G. Duffy et al.
- Challenges in identifying Antarctic coastal polynyas in satellite observations and climate model output to support ecological climate change research L. Landrum et al.
- Southern Ocean sea-ice leads: first insights into regional lead patterns, seasonality, and trends, 2003–2023 U. Dubey et al.
- Antarctic sea ice over the past 130 000 years – Part 1: a review of what proxy records tell us X. Crosta et al.
- Map of Arctic and Antarctic Polynyas 2013–2022 Using Sea Ice Concentration K. Yang et al.
- Variability and Remote Controls of the Warm‐Water Halo and Taylor Cap at Maud Rise B. Gülk et al.
- Highly stratified mid-Pliocene Southern Ocean in PlioMIP2 J. Weiffenbach et al.
- Atmospheric controls on the Terra Nova Bay polynya occurrence in Antarctica R. Fonseca et al.
- Life strategy of Antarctic silverfish promote large carbon export in Terra Nova Bay, Ross Sea C. Manno et al.
- Review article: Weddell Sea Polynya formation, cessation and climatic impacts L. Zhou et al.
- An Overview of Air-Sea Heat Flux Products and CMIP6 HighResMIP Models in the Southern Ocean R. Moura et al.
- Automatic detection of Arctic polynyas using hybrid supervised-unsupervised deep learning C. Heuzé & C. Wong
- Wind-triggered Antarctic sea-ice decline preconditioned by thinning Winter Water T. Spira et al.
- Sensitivity of simulated water mass transformation on the Antarctic shelf to tides, topography and model resolution F. Boeira Dias et al.
- Assessing resolution sensitivity in coupled climate simulations with AWI-CM3 M. Zapponini et al.
- Summer sea-ice variability on the Antarctic margin during the last glacial period reconstructed from snow petrel (Pagodroma nivea) stomach-oil deposits E. McClymont et al.
- Combined Influences of Atmospheric Precursors on Antarctic Sea Ice and Its Record Low in February 2023 J. Dou & R. Zhang
- Future changes in Antarctic coastal polynyas and bottom water formation simulated by a high-resolution coupled model H. Jeong et al.
- Variability of the Weddell Sea deep waters in GLORYS12v1 reanalysis M. Noro et al.
- Antarctic coastal polynyas in the global climate system N. Golledge et al.
- Delineating Polynya Area Using Active and Passive Microwave Sensors for the Western Ross Sea Sector of Antarctica G. Burada et al.
35 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Environmental drivers of the spatio-temporal variations of chlorophyll-a within the coastal polynya in the Ross Sea M. Cha et al.
- The Southern Ocean Freshwater Input from Antarctica (SOFIA) Initiative: scientific objectives and experimental design N. Swart et al.
- Roles of Meridional Overturning in Subpolar Southern Ocean SST Trends: Insights from Ensemble Simulations L. Zhang et al.
- Reduced Deep Convection and Bottom Water Formation Due To Antarctic Meltwater in a Multi‐Model Ensemble J. Chen et al.
- Early Winter Triggering of the Maud Rise Polynya L. Zhou et al.
- Improving Antarctic Bottom Water precursors in NEMO for climate applications K. Hutchinson et al.
- Subpolar Southern Ocean Response to Changes in the Surface Momentum, Heat, and Freshwater Fluxes under 2xCO2 F. Dias et al.
- Antarctic Bottom Water in a changing climate S. Rintoul et al.
- Conservation of heat and mass in P-SKRIPS version 1: the coupled atmosphere–ice–ocean model of the Ross Sea A. Malyarenko et al.
- Assimilation of radar freeboard and snow altimetry observations in the Arctic and Antarctic with a coupled ocean/sea ice modelling system A. Chenal et al.
- Revisiting Interior Water Mass Responses to Surface Forcing Changes and the Subsequent Effects on Overturning in the Southern Ocean J. Tesdal et al.
- Water mass transformation variability in the Weddell Sea in ocean reanalyses S. Bailey et al.
- An Assessment of the Oceanic Physical and Biogeochemical Components of CMIP5 and CMIP6 Models for the Ross Sea Region G. Rickard et al.
- Bathymetric Control of Subpolar Gyres and the Overturning Circulation in the Southern Ocean E. Wilson et al.
- Emerging long-term trends and interdecadal cycles in Antarctic polynyas G. Duffy et al.
- Challenges in identifying Antarctic coastal polynyas in satellite observations and climate model output to support ecological climate change research L. Landrum et al.
- Southern Ocean sea-ice leads: first insights into regional lead patterns, seasonality, and trends, 2003–2023 U. Dubey et al.
- Antarctic sea ice over the past 130 000 years – Part 1: a review of what proxy records tell us X. Crosta et al.
- Map of Arctic and Antarctic Polynyas 2013–2022 Using Sea Ice Concentration K. Yang et al.
- Variability and Remote Controls of the Warm‐Water Halo and Taylor Cap at Maud Rise B. Gülk et al.
- Highly stratified mid-Pliocene Southern Ocean in PlioMIP2 J. Weiffenbach et al.
- Atmospheric controls on the Terra Nova Bay polynya occurrence in Antarctica R. Fonseca et al.
- Life strategy of Antarctic silverfish promote large carbon export in Terra Nova Bay, Ross Sea C. Manno et al.
- Review article: Weddell Sea Polynya formation, cessation and climatic impacts L. Zhou et al.
- An Overview of Air-Sea Heat Flux Products and CMIP6 HighResMIP Models in the Southern Ocean R. Moura et al.
- Automatic detection of Arctic polynyas using hybrid supervised-unsupervised deep learning C. Heuzé & C. Wong
- Wind-triggered Antarctic sea-ice decline preconditioned by thinning Winter Water T. Spira et al.
- Sensitivity of simulated water mass transformation on the Antarctic shelf to tides, topography and model resolution F. Boeira Dias et al.
- Assessing resolution sensitivity in coupled climate simulations with AWI-CM3 M. Zapponini et al.
- Summer sea-ice variability on the Antarctic margin during the last glacial period reconstructed from snow petrel (Pagodroma nivea) stomach-oil deposits E. McClymont et al.
- Combined Influences of Atmospheric Precursors on Antarctic Sea Ice and Its Record Low in February 2023 J. Dou & R. Zhang
- Future changes in Antarctic coastal polynyas and bottom water formation simulated by a high-resolution coupled model H. Jeong et al.
- Variability of the Weddell Sea deep waters in GLORYS12v1 reanalysis M. Noro et al.
- Antarctic coastal polynyas in the global climate system N. Golledge et al.
- Delineating Polynya Area Using Active and Passive Microwave Sensors for the Western Ross Sea Sector of Antarctica G. Burada et al.
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 11 May 2026
Short summary
Polynyas are large open-water areas within the sea ice. We developed a method to estimate their area, distribution and frequency for the Southern Ocean in climate models and observations. All models have polynyas along the coast but few do so in the open ocean, in contrast to observations. We examine potential atmospheric and oceanic drivers of open-water polynyas and discuss recently implemented schemes that may have improved some models' polynya representation.
Polynyas are large open-water areas within the sea ice. We developed a method to estimate their...
