Articles | Volume 14, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-1795-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-1795-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| Highlight paper
| 
04 Jun 2020
Research article | Highlight paper |
| 04 Jun 2020
| 04 Jun 2020
New observations of the distribution, morphology and dissolution dynamics of cryogenic gypsum in the Arctic Ocean
Jutta E. Wollenburg
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für
Polar- und Meeresforschung, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
Morten Iversen
Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für
Polar- und Meeresforschung, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
MARUM – Zentrum für Marine Umweltwissenschaften der Universität Bremen, University of Bremen, 27359 Bremen, Germany
Christian Katlein
Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für
Polar- und Meeresforschung, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
Thomas Krumpen
Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für
Polar- und Meeresforschung, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
Marcel Nicolaus
Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für
Polar- und Meeresforschung, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
Giulia Castellani
Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für
Polar- und Meeresforschung, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
Ilka Peeken
Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für
Polar- und Meeresforschung, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
Hauke Flores
Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für
Polar- und Meeresforschung, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
Viewed
Total article views: 5,804 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 03 Dec 2019)
| HTML | XML | Total | Supplement | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4,811 | 864 | 129 | 5,804 | 403 | 107 | 130 |
- HTML: 4,811
- PDF: 864
- XML: 129
- Total: 5,804
- Supplement: 403
- BibTeX: 107
- EndNote: 130
Total article views: 5,287 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 04 Jun 2020)
| HTML | XML | Total | Supplement | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4,558 | 610 | 119 | 5,287 | 254 | 98 | 118 |
- HTML: 4,558
- PDF: 610
- XML: 119
- Total: 5,287
- Supplement: 254
- BibTeX: 98
- EndNote: 118
Total article views: 517 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 03 Dec 2019)
| HTML | XML | Total | Supplement | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 253 | 254 | 10 | 517 | 149 | 9 | 12 |
- HTML: 253
- PDF: 254
- XML: 10
- Total: 517
- Supplement: 149
- BibTeX: 9
- EndNote: 12
Viewed (geographical distribution)
Total article views: 5,804 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 4,969 with geography defined
and 835 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 5,287 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 4,540 with geography defined
and 747 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 517 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 429 with geography defined
and 88 with unknown origin.
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
Cited
16 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Climate change impacts on sea-ice ecosystems and associated ecosystem services N. Steiner et al. 10.1525/elementa.2021.00007
- Macrofauna and meiofauna food-web structure from Arctic fjords to deep Arctic Ocean during spring: A stable isotope approach B. Oleszczuk et al. 10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.110487
- Methane cycling within sea ice: results from drifting ice during late spring, north of Svalbard J. Verdugo et al. 10.5194/tc-15-2701-2021
- Laboratory exploration of mineral precipitates from Europa's subsurface ocean S. Thompson et al. 10.1107/S1600576721008554
- Reply to Comment: Carbonate production and reef building under ferruginous seawater conditions in the Cambrian rift branches of the Avalon Zone, Newfoundland by E. Landing and G. Geyer J. Álvaro & A. Mills 10.1111/sed.13272
- Overview of the MOSAiC expedition: Snow and sea ice M. Nicolaus et al. 10.1525/elementa.2021.000046
- Tracing basal resource use across sea‐ice, pelagic, and benthic habitats in the early Arctic spring food web with essential amino acid carbon isotopes K. Vane et al. 10.1002/lno.12315
- What we do in the dark: Prevalence of omnivorous feeding activity in Arctic zooplankton during polar night E. Kunisch et al. 10.1002/lno.12389
- Year-round utilization of sea ice-associated carbon in Arctic ecosystems C. Koch et al. 10.1038/s41467-023-37612-8
- Comment: Carbonate production and reef building under ferruginous seawater conditions in the Cambrian rift branches of the Avalon Zone, Newfoundland by J.J. Álvaro and A. Mills, Sedimentology (71, 1245–1269) E. Landing & G. Geyer 10.1111/sed.13253
- Platelet Ice Under Arctic Pack Ice in Winter C. Katlein et al. 10.1029/2020GL088898
- Insights into the diet and feeding behavior of immature polar cod (Boreogadus saida) from the under‐ice habitat of the central Arctic Ocean F. Schaafsma et al. 10.1111/jfb.15836
- Release of ballast material during sea-ice melt enhances carbon export in the Arctic Ocean S. Swoboda et al. 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae081
- Salt Distribution from Freezing Intrusions in Ice Shells on Ocean Worlds: Application to Europa M. Naseem et al. 10.3847/PSJ/ace5a2
- Dense mesopelagic sound scattering layer and vertical segregation of pelagic organisms at the Arctic-Atlantic gateway during the midnight sun P. Priou et al. 10.1016/j.pocean.2021.102611
- Under-ice environment observations from a remotely operated vehicle during the MOSAiC expedition P. Anhaus et al. 10.1038/s41597-025-05223-1
16 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Climate change impacts on sea-ice ecosystems and associated ecosystem services N. Steiner et al. 10.1525/elementa.2021.00007
- Macrofauna and meiofauna food-web structure from Arctic fjords to deep Arctic Ocean during spring: A stable isotope approach B. Oleszczuk et al. 10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.110487
- Methane cycling within sea ice: results from drifting ice during late spring, north of Svalbard J. Verdugo et al. 10.5194/tc-15-2701-2021
- Laboratory exploration of mineral precipitates from Europa's subsurface ocean S. Thompson et al. 10.1107/S1600576721008554
- Reply to Comment: Carbonate production and reef building under ferruginous seawater conditions in the Cambrian rift branches of the Avalon Zone, Newfoundland by E. Landing and G. Geyer J. Álvaro & A. Mills 10.1111/sed.13272
- Overview of the MOSAiC expedition: Snow and sea ice M. Nicolaus et al. 10.1525/elementa.2021.000046
- Tracing basal resource use across sea‐ice, pelagic, and benthic habitats in the early Arctic spring food web with essential amino acid carbon isotopes K. Vane et al. 10.1002/lno.12315
- What we do in the dark: Prevalence of omnivorous feeding activity in Arctic zooplankton during polar night E. Kunisch et al. 10.1002/lno.12389
- Year-round utilization of sea ice-associated carbon in Arctic ecosystems C. Koch et al. 10.1038/s41467-023-37612-8
- Comment: Carbonate production and reef building under ferruginous seawater conditions in the Cambrian rift branches of the Avalon Zone, Newfoundland by J.J. Álvaro and A. Mills, Sedimentology (71, 1245–1269) E. Landing & G. Geyer 10.1111/sed.13253
- Platelet Ice Under Arctic Pack Ice in Winter C. Katlein et al. 10.1029/2020GL088898
- Insights into the diet and feeding behavior of immature polar cod (Boreogadus saida) from the under‐ice habitat of the central Arctic Ocean F. Schaafsma et al. 10.1111/jfb.15836
- Release of ballast material during sea-ice melt enhances carbon export in the Arctic Ocean S. Swoboda et al. 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae081
- Salt Distribution from Freezing Intrusions in Ice Shells on Ocean Worlds: Application to Europa M. Naseem et al. 10.3847/PSJ/ace5a2
- Dense mesopelagic sound scattering layer and vertical segregation of pelagic organisms at the Arctic-Atlantic gateway during the midnight sun P. Priou et al. 10.1016/j.pocean.2021.102611
- Under-ice environment observations from a remotely operated vehicle during the MOSAiC expedition P. Anhaus et al. 10.1038/s41597-025-05223-1
Latest update: 25 Jul 2025
Short summary
Based on an observed omnipresence of gypsum crystals, we concluded that their release from melting sea ice is a general feature in the Arctic Ocean. Individual gypsum crystals sank at more than 7000 m d−1, suggesting that they are an important ballast mineral. Previous observations found gypsum inside phytoplankton aggregates at 2000 m depth, supporting gypsum as an important driver for pelagic-benthic coupling in the ice-covered Arctic Ocean.
Based on an observed omnipresence of gypsum crystals, we concluded that their release from...
