Articles | Volume 12, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1595-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1595-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
03 May 2018
Research article |
| 03 May 2018
| 03 May 2018
Observations and simulations of the seasonal evolution of snowpack cold content and its relation to snowmelt and the snowpack energy budget
Keith S. Jennings
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Geography Department, University of Colorado Boulder, 260 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado Boulder, 450 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
Timothy G. F. Kittel
Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado Boulder, 450 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
Noah P. Molotch
Geography Department, University of Colorado Boulder, 260 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado Boulder, 450 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
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Cited
33 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Drivers and projections of ice phenology in mountain lakes in the western United States T. Caldwell et al. 10.1002/lno.11656
- Snowfall Fraction, Cold Content, and Energy Balance Changes Drive Differential Response to Simulated Warming in an Alpine and Subalpine Snowpack K. Jennings & N. Molotch 10.3389/feart.2020.00186
- Multilayer observation and estimation of the snowpack cold content in a humid boreal coniferous forest of eastern Canada A. Parajuli et al. 10.5194/tc-15-5371-2021
- SnowClim v1.0: high-resolution snow model and data for the western United States A. Lute et al. 10.5194/gmd-15-5045-2022
- Mass balance of two perennial snowfields: Niwot Ridge, Colorado, and the Ulaan Taiga, Mongolia K. Williams et al. 10.1080/15230430.2022.2027591
- A Review of the Hydrologic Response Mechanisms During Mountain Rain-on-Snow W. Brandt et al. 10.3389/feart.2022.791760
- Forest impacts on snow accumulation and melt in a semi-arid mountain environment M. Kraft et al. 10.3389/frwa.2022.1004123
- Two-dimensional liquid water flow through snow at the plot scale in continental snowpacks: simulations and field data comparisons R. Webb et al. 10.5194/tc-15-1423-2021
- How three-dimensional forest structure regulates the amount and timing of snowmelt across a climatic gradient of snow persistence R. Dwivedi et al. 10.3389/frwa.2024.1374961
- Influence of Snowpack Cold Content on Seasonally Frozen Ground and Its Hydrologic Consequences: A Case Study From Niwot Ridge, CO M. Rush & H. Rajaram 10.1029/2021WR031911
- Hydrologic connectivity at the hillslope scale through intra‐snowpack flow paths during snowmelt R. Webb et al. 10.1002/hyp.13686
- Evaluating the effects of timber harvest on hydrologically sensitive areas and hydrologic response M. Zhao et al. 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125805
- Spatial Estimation of Snow Water Equivalent for Glaciers and Seasonal Snow in Iceland Using Remote Sensing Snow Cover and Albedo A. Gunnarsson & S. Gardarsson 10.3390/hydrology11010003
- Spatiotemporal Variations in Liquid Water Content in a Seasonal Snowpack: Implications for Radar Remote Sensing R. Bonnell et al. 10.3390/rs13214223
- Energy and mass balance dynamics of the seasonal snowpack at two high-altitude sites in the Himalaya E. Stigter et al. 10.1016/j.coldregions.2021.103233
- High-elevation snowpack loss during the 2021 Pacific Northwest heat dome amplified by successive spring heatwaves L. Reyes & M. Kramer 10.1038/s41612-023-00521-0
- Snow Multidata Mapping and Modeling (S3M) 5.1: a distributed cryospheric model with dry and wet snow, data assimilation, glacier mass balance, and debris-driven melt F. Avanzi et al. 10.5194/gmd-15-4853-2022
- Modeling of surface energy balance for Icelandic glaciers using remote-sensing albedo A. Gunnarsson et al. 10.5194/tc-17-3955-2023
- Seasonal Peak Snow Predictability Derived From Early‐Season Snow in North America J. Lundquist et al. 10.1029/2023GL103802
- The sensitivity of modeled snow accumulation and melt to precipitation phase methods across a climatic gradient K. Jennings & N. Molotch 10.5194/hess-23-3765-2019
- Assimilation of airborne gamma observations provides utility for snow estimation in forested environments E. Cho et al. 10.5194/hess-27-4039-2023
- Meteorological control on snow depth evolution and snowpack energy exchanges in an agro-forested environment by a measurement-based approach: A case study in Sainte-Marthe, Eastern Canada V. Dharmadasa et al. 10.1016/j.agrformet.2024.109915
- Intercomparison of snow water equivalent products in the Sierra Nevada California using airborne snow observatory data and ground observations K. Yang et al. 10.3389/feart.2023.1106621
- Review article: Melt-affected ice cores for polar research in a warming world D. Moser et al. 10.5194/tc-18-2691-2024
- Projections of Mountain Snowpack Loss for Wolverine Denning Elevations in the Rocky Mountains J. Barsugli et al. 10.1029/2020EF001537
- Does Data Availability Constrain Temperature-Index Snow Models? A Case Study in a Humid Boreal Forest A. Parajuli et al. 10.3390/w12082284
- Estimating degree-day factors of snow based on energy flux components M. Ismail et al. 10.5194/tc-17-211-2023
- Combining Ground‐Penetrating Radar With Terrestrial LiDAR Scanning to Estimate the Spatial Distribution of Liquid Water Content in Seasonal Snowpacks R. Webb et al. 10.1029/2018WR022680
- Impact of intercepted and sub-canopy snow microstructure on snowpack response to rain-on-snow events under a boreal canopy B. Bouchard et al. 10.5194/tc-18-2783-2024
- How Temperature Sensor Change Affects Warming Trends and Modeling: An Evaluation Across the State of Colorado C. Ma et al. 10.1029/2019WR025921
- Modeling Aspect‐Controlled Evolution of Ground Thermal Regimes on Montane Hillslopes M. Rush et al. 10.1029/2021JF006126
- Mass-balance and ablation processes of a perennial polar ice patch on the northern coast of Ellesmere Island G. Davesne et al. 10.1017/jog.2023.44
- Insights Into Preferential Flow Snowpack Runoff Using Random Forest F. Avanzi et al. 10.1029/2019WR024828
33 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Drivers and projections of ice phenology in mountain lakes in the western United States T. Caldwell et al. 10.1002/lno.11656
- Snowfall Fraction, Cold Content, and Energy Balance Changes Drive Differential Response to Simulated Warming in an Alpine and Subalpine Snowpack K. Jennings & N. Molotch 10.3389/feart.2020.00186
- Multilayer observation and estimation of the snowpack cold content in a humid boreal coniferous forest of eastern Canada A. Parajuli et al. 10.5194/tc-15-5371-2021
- SnowClim v1.0: high-resolution snow model and data for the western United States A. Lute et al. 10.5194/gmd-15-5045-2022
- Mass balance of two perennial snowfields: Niwot Ridge, Colorado, and the Ulaan Taiga, Mongolia K. Williams et al. 10.1080/15230430.2022.2027591
- A Review of the Hydrologic Response Mechanisms During Mountain Rain-on-Snow W. Brandt et al. 10.3389/feart.2022.791760
- Forest impacts on snow accumulation and melt in a semi-arid mountain environment M. Kraft et al. 10.3389/frwa.2022.1004123
- Two-dimensional liquid water flow through snow at the plot scale in continental snowpacks: simulations and field data comparisons R. Webb et al. 10.5194/tc-15-1423-2021
- How three-dimensional forest structure regulates the amount and timing of snowmelt across a climatic gradient of snow persistence R. Dwivedi et al. 10.3389/frwa.2024.1374961
- Influence of Snowpack Cold Content on Seasonally Frozen Ground and Its Hydrologic Consequences: A Case Study From Niwot Ridge, CO M. Rush & H. Rajaram 10.1029/2021WR031911
- Hydrologic connectivity at the hillslope scale through intra‐snowpack flow paths during snowmelt R. Webb et al. 10.1002/hyp.13686
- Evaluating the effects of timber harvest on hydrologically sensitive areas and hydrologic response M. Zhao et al. 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125805
- Spatial Estimation of Snow Water Equivalent for Glaciers and Seasonal Snow in Iceland Using Remote Sensing Snow Cover and Albedo A. Gunnarsson & S. Gardarsson 10.3390/hydrology11010003
- Spatiotemporal Variations in Liquid Water Content in a Seasonal Snowpack: Implications for Radar Remote Sensing R. Bonnell et al. 10.3390/rs13214223
- Energy and mass balance dynamics of the seasonal snowpack at two high-altitude sites in the Himalaya E. Stigter et al. 10.1016/j.coldregions.2021.103233
- High-elevation snowpack loss during the 2021 Pacific Northwest heat dome amplified by successive spring heatwaves L. Reyes & M. Kramer 10.1038/s41612-023-00521-0
- Snow Multidata Mapping and Modeling (S3M) 5.1: a distributed cryospheric model with dry and wet snow, data assimilation, glacier mass balance, and debris-driven melt F. Avanzi et al. 10.5194/gmd-15-4853-2022
- Modeling of surface energy balance for Icelandic glaciers using remote-sensing albedo A. Gunnarsson et al. 10.5194/tc-17-3955-2023
- Seasonal Peak Snow Predictability Derived From Early‐Season Snow in North America J. Lundquist et al. 10.1029/2023GL103802
- The sensitivity of modeled snow accumulation and melt to precipitation phase methods across a climatic gradient K. Jennings & N. Molotch 10.5194/hess-23-3765-2019
- Assimilation of airborne gamma observations provides utility for snow estimation in forested environments E. Cho et al. 10.5194/hess-27-4039-2023
- Meteorological control on snow depth evolution and snowpack energy exchanges in an agro-forested environment by a measurement-based approach: A case study in Sainte-Marthe, Eastern Canada V. Dharmadasa et al. 10.1016/j.agrformet.2024.109915
- Intercomparison of snow water equivalent products in the Sierra Nevada California using airborne snow observatory data and ground observations K. Yang et al. 10.3389/feart.2023.1106621
- Review article: Melt-affected ice cores for polar research in a warming world D. Moser et al. 10.5194/tc-18-2691-2024
- Projections of Mountain Snowpack Loss for Wolverine Denning Elevations in the Rocky Mountains J. Barsugli et al. 10.1029/2020EF001537
- Does Data Availability Constrain Temperature-Index Snow Models? A Case Study in a Humid Boreal Forest A. Parajuli et al. 10.3390/w12082284
- Estimating degree-day factors of snow based on energy flux components M. Ismail et al. 10.5194/tc-17-211-2023
- Combining Ground‐Penetrating Radar With Terrestrial LiDAR Scanning to Estimate the Spatial Distribution of Liquid Water Content in Seasonal Snowpacks R. Webb et al. 10.1029/2018WR022680
- Impact of intercepted and sub-canopy snow microstructure on snowpack response to rain-on-snow events under a boreal canopy B. Bouchard et al. 10.5194/tc-18-2783-2024
- How Temperature Sensor Change Affects Warming Trends and Modeling: An Evaluation Across the State of Colorado C. Ma et al. 10.1029/2019WR025921
- Modeling Aspect‐Controlled Evolution of Ground Thermal Regimes on Montane Hillslopes M. Rush et al. 10.1029/2021JF006126
- Mass-balance and ablation processes of a perennial polar ice patch on the northern coast of Ellesmere Island G. Davesne et al. 10.1017/jog.2023.44
- Insights Into Preferential Flow Snowpack Runoff Using Random Forest F. Avanzi et al. 10.1029/2019WR024828
Latest update: 01 Nov 2024
Short summary
We show through observations and simulations that cold content, a key part of the snowpack energy budget, develops primarily through new snowfall. We also note that cold content damps snowmelt rate and timing at sub-seasonal timescales, while seasonal melt onset is controlled by the timing of peak cold content and total spring precipitation. This work has implications for how cold content is represented in snow models and improves our understanding of its effect on snowmelt processes.
We show through observations and simulations that cold content, a key part of the snowpack...
