Articles | Volume 12, issue 4
The Cryosphere, 12, 1177–1194, 2018
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1177-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
The Cryosphere, 12, 1177–1194, 2018
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1177-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article 05 Apr 2018
Research article | 05 Apr 2018
Nitrate deposition and preservation in the snowpack along a traverse from coast to the ice sheet summit (Dome A) in East Antarctica
Guitao Shi et al.
Related authors
Guitao Shi, Hongmei Ma, Zhengyi Hu, Zhenlou Chen, Chunlei An, Su Jiang, Yuansheng Li, Tianming Ma, Jinhai Yu, Danhe Wang, Siyu Lu, Bo Sun, and Meredith G. Hastings
The Cryosphere, 15, 1087–1095, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1087-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1087-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
It is important to understand atmospheric chemistry over Antarctica under a changing climate. Thus snow collected on a traverse from the coast to Dome A was used to investigate variations in snow chemistry. The non-sea-salt fractions of K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ are associated with terrestrial inputs, and nssCl− is from HCl. In general, proportions of non-sea-salt fractions of ions to the totals are higher in the interior areas than on the coast, and the proportions are higher in summer than in winter.
G. Shi, A. M. Buffen, M. G. Hastings, C. Li, H. Ma, Y. Li, B. Sun, C. An, and S. Jiang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 9435–9453, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9435-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9435-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluate isotopic composition of NO3- in different environments across East Antarctica. At high snow accumulation sites, isotopic ratios are suggestive of preservation of NO3- deposition. At low accumulation sites, isotopes are sensitive to both the loss of NO3- due to photolysis and secondary formation of NO3- within the snow. The imprint of post-depositional alteration is not uniform with depth, making it difficult to predict the isotopic composition at depth from near-surface data alone.
Jiajue Chai, Jack E. Dibb, Bruce E. Anderson, Claire Bekker, Danielle E. Blum, Eric Heim, Carolyn E. Jordan, Emily E. Joyce, Jackson H. Kaspari, Hannah Munro, Wendell W. Walters, and Meredith G. Hastings
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 13077–13098, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13077-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13077-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrous acid (HONO) derived from wildfire emissions plays a key role in controlling atmospheric oxidation chemistry. However, the HONO budget remains poorly constrained. By combining the field-observed concentrations and novel isotopic composition (N and O) of HONO and nitrogen oxides (NOx), we quantitatively constrained the relative contribution of each pathway to secondary HONO production and the relative importance of major atmospheric oxidants (ozone versus peroxy) in aged wildfire smoke.
Jessica Mary Burger, Julie Granger, Emily Joyce, Meredith Galanter Hastings, Kurt Angus McDonald Spence, and Katye Elisabeth Altieri
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-519, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-519, 2021
Revised manuscript under review for ACP
Short summary
Short summary
The nitrogen (N) isotopic composition of atmospheric nitrate in the Southern Ocean (SO) marine boundary layer (MBL) reveals the importance of oceanic alkyl nitrate emissions as a source of reactive N to the atmosphere. The oxygen isotopic composition suggests peroxy radicals contribute up to 63 % to NO oxidation and that nitrate forms via the OH pathway. This work improves our understanding of reactive N sources and cycling in a remote marine region, a proxy for the pre-industrial atmosphere.
Veronica R. Rollinson, Julie Granger, Sydney C. Clark, Mackenzie L. Blanusa, Claudia P. Koerting, Jamie M. P. Vaudrey, Lija A. Treibergs, Holly C. Westbrook, Catherine M. Matassa, Meredith G. Hastings, and Craig R. Tobias
Biogeosciences, 18, 3421–3444, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3421-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3421-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We measured nutrients and the naturally occurring nitrogen (N) and oxygen (O) stable isotope ratios of nitrate discharged from a New England river over an annual cycle, to monitor N loading and identify dominant sources from the watershed. We uncovered a seasonality to loading and sources of N from the watershed. Seasonality in the nitrate isotope ratios also informed on N cycling, conforming to theoretical expectations of riverine nutrient cycling.
Guitao Shi, Hongmei Ma, Zhengyi Hu, Zhenlou Chen, Chunlei An, Su Jiang, Yuansheng Li, Tianming Ma, Jinhai Yu, Danhe Wang, Siyu Lu, Bo Sun, and Meredith G. Hastings
The Cryosphere, 15, 1087–1095, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1087-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1087-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
It is important to understand atmospheric chemistry over Antarctica under a changing climate. Thus snow collected on a traverse from the coast to Dome A was used to investigate variations in snow chemistry. The non-sea-salt fractions of K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ are associated with terrestrial inputs, and nssCl− is from HCl. In general, proportions of non-sea-salt fractions of ions to the totals are higher in the interior areas than on the coast, and the proportions are higher in summer than in winter.
Minghu Ding, Biao Tian, Michael C. B. Ashley, Davide Putero, Zhenxi Zhu, Lifan Wang, Shihai Yang, Chuanjin Li, and Cunde Xiao
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 3529–3544, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3529-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3529-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Dome A, is one of the harshest environments on Earth.To evaluate the characteristics of near-surface O3, continuous observations were carried out in 2016. The results showed different patterns between coastal and inland Antarctic areas that were characterized by high concentrations in cold seasons and at night. Short-range transport accounted for the O3 enhancement events (OEEs) during summer at DA, rather than efficient local production, which is consistent with previous studies.
Wendell W. Walters, Linlin Song, Jiajue Chai, Yunting Fang, Nadia Colombi, and Meredith G. Hastings
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 11551–11567, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-11551-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-11551-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This article details new field observations of the nitrogen stable isotopic composition of ammonia emitted from vehicles conducted in the US and China. Vehicle emissions of ammonia may be a significant source to urban regions with important human health and environmental implications. Our measurements have indicated a consistent isotopic signature from vehicle ammonia emissions. The nitrogen isotopic composition of ammonia may be a useful tool for tracking vehicle emissions.
Erika Marín-Spiotta, Rebecca T. Barnes, Asmeret Asefaw Berhe, Meredith G. Hastings, Allison Mattheis, Blair Schneider, and Billy M. Williams
Adv. Geosci., 53, 117–127, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-53-117-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-53-117-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The geosciences are one of the least diverse disciplines in the United States, despite the field's relevance to people's livelihoods and economies. Bias, discrimination and harassment present serious hurdles to diversifying the field. We summarize research on the factors that contribute to the persistence of hostile climates in the geosciences and other scientific disciplines and provide recommendations for cultural change through the role of mentoring networks and professional associations.
O3 enhancement events(OEEs) at Dome A, East Antarctica
Minghu Ding, Biao Tian, Michael Ashley, Zhenxi Zhu, Lifan Wang, Shihai Yang, Chuanjin Li, Cunde Xiao, and Dahe Qin
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2019-1042, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2019-1042, 2020
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
In 2016, the first observation of near-surface ozone was made at Dome A, the inaccessible pole. And based on the ERA-interim meteorological reanalysis data, we clearly found that there was strong transportation from stratosphere to troposphere during polar night at Dome A. This work provides unique information of ozone variation in Dome A and expands our knowledge in Antarctica.
Tingfeng Dou, Zhiheng Du, Shutong Li, Yulan Zhang, Qi Zhang, Mingju Hao, Chuanjin Li, Biao Tian, Minghu Ding, and Cunde Xiao
The Cryosphere, 13, 3309–3316, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-3309-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-3309-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The meltwater scavenging coefficient (MSC) determines the BC enrichment in the surface layer of melting snow and therefore modulates the BC-snow-albedo feedbacks. This study presents a new method for MSC estimation over the sea-ice area in Arctic. Using this new method, we analyze the spatial variability of MSC in the western Arctic and demonstrate that the value in Canada Basin (23.6 % ± 2.1 %) ≈ that in Greenland (23.0 % ± 12.5 %) > that in Chukchi Sea (17.9 % ± 5.0 %) > that in Elson Lagoon (14.5 % ± 2.6 %).
Jiajue Chai, David J. Miller, Eric Scheuer, Jack Dibb, Vanessa Selimovic, Robert Yokelson, Kyle J. Zarzana, Steven S. Brown, Abigail R. Koss, Carsten Warneke, and Meredith Hastings
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 6303–6317, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-6303-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-6303-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Isotopic analysis offers a potential tool to distinguish between sources and interpret transformation pathways of atmospheric species. We applied recently developed techniques in our lab to characterize the isotopic composition of reactive nitrogen species (NOx, HONO, HNO3, pNO3-) in fresh biomass burning emissions. Intercomparison with other techniques confirms the suitability of our methods, allowing for future applications of our techniques in a variety of environments.
Nathan J. Chellman, Meredith G. Hastings, and Joseph R. McConnell
The Cryosphere Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2016-163, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2016-163, 2016
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
This manuscript analyzes the changing sources of nitrate deposition to Greenland since 1760 CE using a dataset consisting of sub-seasonally resolved nitrogen isotopes of nitrate and source tracers. Correlations amongst ion concentration, source tracers, and the δ15N–NO3− provide evidence of the impact of biomass burning and fossil fuel combustion emissions of nitrogen oxides and suggest that oil combustion is the likely driver of increased nitrate concentration in Greenland ice since 1940 CE.
G. Shi, A. M. Buffen, M. G. Hastings, C. Li, H. Ma, Y. Li, B. Sun, C. An, and S. Jiang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 9435–9453, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9435-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9435-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluate isotopic composition of NO3- in different environments across East Antarctica. At high snow accumulation sites, isotopic ratios are suggestive of preservation of NO3- deposition. At low accumulation sites, isotopes are sensitive to both the loss of NO3- due to photolysis and secondary formation of NO3- within the snow. The imprint of post-depositional alteration is not uniform with depth, making it difficult to predict the isotopic composition at depth from near-surface data alone.
E. D. Sofen, B. Alexander, E. J. Steig, M. H. Thiemens, S. A. Kunasek, H. M. Amos, A. J. Schauer, M. G. Hastings, J. Bautista, T. L. Jackson, L. E. Vogel, J. R. McConnell, D. R. Pasteris, and E. S. Saltzman
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 5749–5769, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-5749-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-5749-2014, 2014
Related subject area
Antarctic
TanDEM-X PolarDEM 90 m of Antarctica: generation and error characterization
Seasonal evolution of Antarctic supraglacial lakes in 2015–2021 and links to environmental controls
Eighteen-year record of circum-Antarctic landfast-sea-ice distribution allows detailed baseline characterisation and reveals trends and variability
Wind-induced seismic noise at the Princess Elisabeth Antarctica Station
Brief communication: The anomalous winter 2019 sea-ice conditions in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica
Nunataks as barriers to ice flow: implications for palaeo ice sheet reconstructions
Quantifying the potential future contribution to global mean sea level from the Filchner–Ronne basin, Antarctica
Did Holocene climate changes drive West Antarctic grounding line retreat and readvance?
Downscaled surface mass balance in Antarctica: impacts of subsurface processes and large-scale atmospheric circulation
Southern Ocean polynyas in CMIP6 models
Investigating the internal structure of the Antarctic ice sheet: the utility of isochrones for spatiotemporal ice-sheet model calibration
What is the surface mass balance of Antarctica? An intercomparison of regional climate model estimates
Thermal legacy of a large paleolake in Taylor Valley, East Antarctica, as evidenced by an airborne electromagnetic survey
Energetics of surface melt in West Antarctica
Brief communication: Thwaites Glacier cavity evolution
Automated mapping of the seasonal evolution of surface meltwater and its links to climate on the Amery Ice Shelf, Antarctica
Assessment of ICESat-2 ice surface elevations over the Chinese Antarctic Research Expedition (CHINARE) route, East Antarctica, based on coordinated multi-sensor observations
Statistical emulation of a perturbed basal melt ensemble of an ice sheet model to better quantify Antarctic sea level rise uncertainties
Retention time of lakes in the Larsemann Hills oasis, East Antarctica
A pilot study about microplastics and mesoplastics in an Antarctic glacier
Environmental drivers of circum-Antarctic glacier and ice shelf front retreat over the last two decades
Improving Surface Melt Estimation over Antarctica Using Deep Learning: A Proof-of-Concept over the Larsen Ice Shelf
Aerogeophysical characterization of Titan Dome, East Antarctica, and potential as an ice core target
Diverging future surface mass balance between the Antarctic ice shelves and grounded ice sheet
Physics-based SNOWPACK model improves representation of near-surface Antarctic snow and firn density
The GRISLI-LSCE contribution to the Ice Sheet Model Intercomparison Project for phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (ISMIP6) – Part 2: Projections of the Antarctic ice sheet evolution by the end of the 21st century
Recent acceleration of Denman Glacier (1972–2017), East Antarctica, driven by grounding line retreat and changes in ice tongue configuration
ISMIP6-based projections of ocean-forced Antarctic Ice Sheet evolution using the Community Ice Sheet Model
Future surface mass balance and surface melt in the Amundsen sector of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet
Sensitivity of the Antarctic ice sheets to the warming of marine isotope substage 11c
Airborne mapping of the sub-ice platelet layer under fast ice in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica
Exploring the impact of atmospheric forcing and basal drag on the Antarctic Ice Sheet under Last Glacial Maximum conditions
Spectral characterization, radiative forcing and pigment content of coastal Antarctic snow algae: approaches to spectrally discriminate red and green communities and their impact on snowmelt
Drivers of Pine Island Glacier speed-up between 1996 and 2016
Evaluation of sea-ice thickness from four reanalyses in the Antarctic Weddell Sea
Scoring Antarctic surface mass balance in climate models to refine future projections
The Antarctic sea ice cover from ICESat-2 and CryoSat-2: freeboard, snow depth, and ice thickness
Distinguishing the impacts of ozone and ozone-depleting substances on the recent increase in Antarctic surface mass balance
Distribution and seasonal evolution of supraglacial lakes on Shackleton Ice Shelf, East Antarctica
Representative surface snow density on the East Antarctic Plateau
Mapping the grounding zone of Larsen C Ice Shelf, Antarctica, from ICESat-2 laser altimetry
Mid-Holocene thinning of David Glacier, Antarctica: Chronology and Controls
Impact of coastal East Antarctic ice rises on surface mass balance: insights from observations and modeling
Temporal and spatial variability in surface roughness and accumulation rate around 88° S from repeat airborne geophysical surveys
The role of history and strength of the oceanic forcing in sea level projections from Antarctica with the Parallel Ice Sheet Model
ISMIP6 Antarctica: a multi-model ensemble of the Antarctic ice sheet evolution over the 21st century
New gravity-derived bathymetry for the Thwaites, Crosson, and Dotson ice shelves revealing two ice shelf populations
Revealing the former bed of Thwaites Glacier using sea-floor bathymetry: implications for warm-water routing and bed controls on ice flow and buttressing
Seasonal and interannual variability of landfast sea ice in Atka Bay, Weddell Sea, Antarctica
Brief communication: Evaluating Antarctic precipitation in ERA5 and CMIP6 against CloudSat observations
Birgit Wessel, Martin Huber, Christian Wohlfart, Adina Bertram, Nicole Osterkamp, Ursula Marschalk, Astrid Gruber, Felix Reuß, Sahra Abdullahi, Isabel Georg, and Achim Roth
The Cryosphere, 15, 5241–5260, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5241-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5241-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present a new digital elevation model (DEM) of Antarctica derived from the TanDEM-X DEM, with new interferometric radar acquisitions incorporated and edited elevations, especially at the coast. A strength of this DEM is its homogeneity and completeness. Extensive validation work shows a vertical accuracy of just -0.3 m ± 2.5 m standard deviation on blue ice surfaces compared to ICESat laser altimeter heights. The new TanDEM-X PolarDEM 90 m of Antarctica is freely available.
Mariel C. Dirscherl, Andreas J. Dietz, and Claudia Kuenzer
The Cryosphere, 15, 5205–5226, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5205-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5205-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We provide novel insight into the temporal evolution of supraglacial lakes across six major Antarctic ice shelves in 2015–2021. For Antarctic Peninsula ice shelves, we observe extensive meltwater ponding during the 2019–2020 and 2020–2021 summers. Over East Antarctica, lakes were widespread during 2016–2019 and at a minimum in 2020–2021. We investigate environmental controls, revealing lake ponding to be coupled to atmospheric modes, the near-surface climate and the local glaciological setting.
Alexander D. Fraser, Robert A. Massom, Mark S. Handcock, Phillip Reid, Kay I. Ohshima, Marilyn N. Raphael, Jessica Cartwright, Andrew R. Klekociuk, Zhaohui Wang, and Richard Porter-Smith
The Cryosphere, 15, 5061–5077, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5061-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5061-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Landfast ice is sea ice that remains stationary by attaching to Antarctica's coastline and grounded icebergs. Although a variable feature, landfast ice exerts influence on key coastal processes involving pack ice, the ice sheet, ocean, and atmosphere and is of ecological importance. We present a first analysis of change in landfast ice over an 18-year period and quantify trends (−0.19 ± 0.18 % yr−1). This analysis forms a reference of landfast-ice extent and variability for use in other studies.
Baptiste Frankinet, Thomas Lecocq, and Thierry Camelbeeck
The Cryosphere, 15, 5007–5016, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5007-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5007-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Icequakes are the result of processes occurring within the ice mass or between the ice and its environment. Having a complete catalogue of those icequakes provides a unique view on the ice dynamics. But the instruments recording these events are polluted by different noise sources such as the wind. Using the data from multiple instruments, we found how the wind noise affects the icequake monitoring at the Princess Elisabeth Station in Antarctica.
Greg H. Leonard, Kate E. Turner, Maren E. Richter, Maddy S. Whittaker, and Inga J. Smith
The Cryosphere, 15, 4999–5006, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4999-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4999-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
McMurdo Sound sea ice can generally be partitioned into two regimes: a stable fast-ice cover forming south of approximately 77.6° S and a more dynamic region north of 77.6° S that is regularly impacted by polynyas. In 2019, a stable fast-ice cover formed unusually late due to repeated break-out events. This subsequently affected sea-ice operations in the 2019/20 field season. We analysed the 2019 sea-ice conditions and found a strong correlation with unusually large southerly wind events.
Martim Mas e Braga, Richard Selwyn Jones, Jennifer C. H. Newall, Irina Rogozhina, Jane L. Andersen, Nathaniel A. Lifton, and Arjen P. Stroeven
The Cryosphere, 15, 4929–4947, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4929-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4929-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Mountains higher than the ice surface are sampled to know when the ice reached the sampled elevation, which can be used to guide numerical models. This is important to understand how much ice will be lost by ice sheets in the future. We use a simple model to understand how ice flow around mountains affects the ice surface topography and show how much this influences results from field samples. We also show that models need a finer resolution over mountainous areas to better match field samples.
Emily A. Hill, Sebastian H. R. Rosier, G. Hilmar Gudmundsson, and Matthew Collins
The Cryosphere, 15, 4675–4702, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4675-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4675-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Using an ice flow model and uncertainty quantification methods, we provide probabilistic projections of future sea level rise from the Filchner–Ronne region of Antarctica. We find that it is most likely that this region will contribute negatively to sea level rise over the next 300 years, largely as a result of increased surface mass balance. We identify parameters controlling ice shelf melt and snowfall contribute most to uncertainties in projections.
Sarah U. Neuhaus, Slawek M. Tulaczyk, Nathan D. Stansell, Jason J. Coenen, Reed P. Scherer, Jill A. Mikucki, and Ross D. Powell
The Cryosphere, 15, 4655–4673, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4655-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4655-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We estimate the timing of post-LGM grounding line retreat and readvance in the Ross Sea sector of Antarctica. Our analyses indicate that the grounding line retreated over our field sites within the past 5000 years (coinciding with a warming climate) and readvanced roughly 1000 years ago (coinciding with a cooling climate). Based on these results, we propose that the Siple Coast grounding line motions in the middle to late Holocene were driven by relatively modest changes in regional climate.
Nicolaj Hansen, Peter L. Langen, Fredrik Boberg, Rene Forsberg, Sebastian B. Simonsen, Peter Thejll, Baptiste Vandecrux, and Ruth Mottram
The Cryosphere, 15, 4315–4333, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4315-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4315-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We have used computer models to estimate the Antarctic surface mass balance (SMB) from 1980 to 2017. Our estimates lies between 2473.5 ± 114.4 Gt per year and 2564.8 ± 113.7 Gt per year. To evaluate our models, we compared the modelled snow temperatures and densities to in situ measurements. We also investigated the spatial distribution of the SMB. It is very important to have estimates of the Antarctic SMB because then it is easier to understand global sea level changes.
Martin Mohrmann, Céline Heuzé, and Sebastiaan Swart
The Cryosphere, 15, 4281–4313, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4281-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4281-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Polynyas are large open-water areas within the sea ice. We developed a method to estimate their area, distribution and frequency for the Southern Ocean in climate models and observations. All models have polynyas along the coast but few do so in the open ocean, in contrast to observations. We examine potential atmospheric and oceanic drivers of open-water polynyas and discuss recently implemented schemes that may have improved some models' polynya representation.
Johannes Sutter, Hubertus Fischer, and Olaf Eisen
The Cryosphere, 15, 3839–3860, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-3839-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-3839-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Projections of global sea-level changes in a warming world require ice-sheet models. We expand the calibration of these models by making use of the internal architecture of the Antarctic ice sheet, which is formed by its evolution over many millennia. We propose that using our novel approach to constrain ice sheet models, we will be able to both sharpen our understanding of past and future sea-level changes and identify weaknesses in the parameterisation of current continental-scale models.
Ruth Mottram, Nicolaj Hansen, Christoph Kittel, J. Melchior van Wessem, Cécile Agosta, Charles Amory, Fredrik Boberg, Willem Jan van de Berg, Xavier Fettweis, Alexandra Gossart, Nicole P. M. van Lipzig, Erik van Meijgaard, Andrew Orr, Tony Phillips, Stuart Webster, Sebastian B. Simonsen, and Niels Souverijns
The Cryosphere, 15, 3751–3784, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-3751-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-3751-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We compare the calculated surface mass budget (SMB) of Antarctica in five different regional climate models. On average ~ 2000 Gt of snow accumulates annually, but different models vary by ~ 10 %, a difference equivalent to ± 0.5 mm of global sea level rise. All models reproduce observed weather, but there are large differences in regional patterns of snowfall, especially in areas with very few observations, giving greater uncertainty in Antarctic mass budget than previously identified.
Krista F. Myers, Peter T. Doran, Slawek M. Tulaczyk, Neil T. Foley, Thue S. Bording, Esben Auken, Hilary A. Dugan, Jill A. Mikucki, Nikolaj Foged, Denys Grombacher, and Ross A. Virginia
The Cryosphere, 15, 3577–3593, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-3577-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-3577-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Lake Fryxell, Antarctica, has undergone hundreds of meters of change in recent geologic history. However, there is disagreement on when lake levels were higher and by how much. This study uses resistivity data to map the subsurface conditions (frozen versus unfrozen ground) to map ancient shorelines. Our models indicate that Lake Fryxell was up to 60 m higher just 1500 to 4000 years ago. This amount of lake level change shows how sensitive these systems are to small changes in temperature.
Madison L. Ghiz, Ryan C. Scott, Andrew M. Vogelmann, Jan T. M. Lenaerts, Matthew Lazzara, and Dan Lubin
The Cryosphere, 15, 3459–3494, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-3459-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-3459-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate how melt occurs over the vulnerable ice shelves of West Antarctica and determine that the three primary mechanisms can be evaluated using archived numerical weather prediction model data and satellite imagery. We find examples of each mechanism: thermal blanketing by a warm atmosphere, radiative heating by thin clouds, and downslope winds. Our results signify the potential to make a multi-decadal assessment of atmospheric stress on West Antarctic ice shelves in a warming climate.
Suzanne L. Bevan, Adrian J. Luckman, Douglas I. Benn, Susheel Adusumilli, and Anna Crawford
The Cryosphere, 15, 3317–3328, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-3317-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-3317-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The stability of the West Antarctic ice sheet depends on the behaviour of the fast-flowing glaciers, such as Thwaites, that connect it to the ocean. Here we show that a large ocean-melted cavity beneath Thwaites Glacier has remained stable since it first formed, implying that, in line with current theory, basal melt is now concentrated close to where the ice first goes afloat. We also show that Thwaites Glacier continues to thin and to speed up and that continued retreat is therefore likely.
Peter A. Tuckett, Jeremy C. Ely, Andrew J. Sole, James M. Lea, Stephen J. Livingstone, Julie M. Jones, and J. Melchior van Wessem
The Cryosphere Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2021-177, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2021-177, 2021
Revised manuscript accepted for TC
Short summary
Short summary
Lakes form on the surface of the Antarctic Ice Sheet during the summer. These lakes can generate further melt, break up floating ice shelves and alter ice dynamics. Here, we describe a new automated method for mapping surface lakes, and apply our technique to the Amery Ice Shelf between 2005 and 2020. Lake area is highly variable between years, driven by large-scale climate patterns. This technique will help us understand the role of Antarctic surface lakes in our warming world.
Rongxing Li, Hongwei Li, Tong Hao, Gang Qiao, Haotian Cui, Youquan He, Gang Hai, Huan Xie, Yuan Cheng, and Bofeng Li
The Cryosphere, 15, 3083–3099, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-3083-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-3083-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present the results of an assessment of ICESat-2 surface elevations along the 520 km CHINARE route in East Antarctica. The assessment was performed based on coordinated multi-sensor observations from a global navigation satellite system, corner cube retroreflectors, retroreflective target sheets, and UAVs. The validation results demonstrate that ICESat-2 elevations are accurate to 1.5–2.5 cm and can potentially overcome the uncertainties in the estimation of mass balance in East Antarctica.
Mira Berdahl, Gunter Leguy, William H. Lipscomb, and Nathan M. Urban
The Cryosphere, 15, 2683–2699, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-2683-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-2683-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Antarctic ice shelves are vulnerable to warming ocean temperatures and have already begun thinning in response to increased basal melt rates. Sea level is expected to rise due to Antarctic contributions, but uncertainties in rise amount and timing remain largely unquantified. To facilitate uncertainty quantification, we use a high-resolution ice sheet model to build, test, and validate an ice sheet emulator and generate probabilistic sea level rise estimates for 100 and 200 years in the future.
Elena Shevnina, Ekaterina Kourzeneva, Yury Dvornikov, and Irina Fedorova
The Cryosphere, 15, 2667–2682, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-2667-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-2667-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Antarctica consists mostly of frozen water, and it makes the continent sensitive to warming due to enhancing a transition/exchange of water from solid (ice and snow) to liquid (lakes and rivers) form. Therefore, it is important to know how fast water is exchanged in the Antarctic lakes. The study gives first estimates of scales for water exchange for five lakes located in the Larsemann Hills oasis. Two methods are suggested to evaluate the timescale for the lakes depending on their type.
Miguel González-Pleiter, Gissell Lacerot, Carlos Edo, Juan Pablo Lozoya, Francisco Leganés, Francisca Fernández-Piñas, Roberto Rosal, and Franco Teixeira-de-Mello
The Cryosphere, 15, 2531–2539, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-2531-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-2531-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Plastics have been found in several compartments in Antarctica. However, there is currently no evidence of their presence on Antarctic glaciers. Our pilot study is the first report of plastic pollution presence on an Antarctic glacier.
Celia A. Baumhoer, Andreas J. Dietz, Christof Kneisel, Heiko Paeth, and Claudia Kuenzer
The Cryosphere, 15, 2357–2381, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-2357-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-2357-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present a record of circum-Antarctic glacier and ice shelf front change over the last two decades in combination with potential environmental variables forcing frontal retreat. Along the Antarctic coastline, glacier and ice shelf front retreat dominated between 1997–2008 and advance between 2009–2018. Decreasing sea ice days, intense snowmelt, weakening easterly winds, and relative changes in sea surface temperature were identified as enabling factors for glacier and ice shelf front retreat.
Zhongyang Hu, Peter Kuipers Munneke, Stef Lhermitte, Maaike Izeboud, and Michiel van den Broeke
The Cryosphere Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2021-102, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2021-102, 2021
Revised manuscript accepted for TC
Short summary
Short summary
Antarctica is shrinking, and part of the mass loss is caused by higher temperatures leading to more snowmelt. We use computer models to estimate the amount of melt, but this can be inaccurate exactly in areas with most melt. It's because the model cannot account for small, darker areas like rocks or darker ice. Therefore, we trained a computer using artificial intelligence. Satellite images that show these darker areas were provided to the computer, and it computed an improved estimate of melt.
Lucas H. Beem, Duncan A. Young, Jamin S. Greenbaum, Donald D. Blankenship, Marie G. P. Cavitte, Jingxue Guo, and Sun Bo
The Cryosphere, 15, 1719–1730, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1719-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1719-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Radar observation collected above Titan Dome of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet is used to describe ice geometry and test a hypothesis that ice beneath the dome is older than 1 million years. An important climate transition occurred between 1.25 million and 700 thousand years ago, and if ice old enough to study this period can be removed as an ice core, new insights into climate dynamics are expected. The new observations suggest the ice is too young – more likely 300 to 800 thousand years old.
Christoph Kittel, Charles Amory, Cécile Agosta, Nicolas C. Jourdain, Stefan Hofer, Alison Delhasse, Sébastien Doutreloup, Pierre-Vincent Huot, Charlotte Lang, Thierry Fichefet, and Xavier Fettweis
The Cryosphere, 15, 1215–1236, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1215-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1215-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The future surface mass balance (SMB) of the Antarctic ice sheet (AIS) will influence the ice dynamics and the contribution of the ice sheet to the sea level rise. We investigate the AIS sensitivity to different warmings using physical and statistical downscaling of CMIP5 and CMIP6 models. Our results highlight a contrasting effect between the grounded ice sheet (where the SMB is projected to increase) and ice shelves (where the future SMB depends on the emission scenario).
Eric Keenan, Nander Wever, Marissa Dattler, Jan T. M. Lenaerts, Brooke Medley, Peter Kuipers Munneke, and Carleen Reijmer
The Cryosphere, 15, 1065–1085, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1065-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1065-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Snow density is required to convert observed changes in ice sheet volume into mass, which ultimately drives ice sheet contribution to sea level rise. However, snow properties respond dynamically to wind-driven redistribution. Here we include a new wind-driven snow density scheme into an existing snow model. Our results demonstrate an improved representation of snow density when compared to observations and can therefore be used to improve retrievals of ice sheet mass balance.
Aurélien Quiquet and Christophe Dumas
The Cryosphere, 15, 1031–1052, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1031-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1031-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present here the GRISLI-LSCE contribution to the Ice Sheet Model Intercomparison Project for CMIP6 for Antarctica. The project aims to quantify the ice sheet contribution to global sea level rise for the next century. We show that increased precipitation in the future in some cases mitigates this contribution, with positive to negative values in 2100 depending of the climate forcing used. Sub-shelf-basal-melt uncertainties induce large differences in simulated grounding-line retreats.
Bertie W. J. Miles, Jim R. Jordan, Chris R. Stokes, Stewart S. R. Jamieson, G. Hilmar Gudmundsson, and Adrian Jenkins
The Cryosphere, 15, 663–676, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-663-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-663-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We provide a historical overview of changes in Denman Glacier's flow speed, structure and calving events since the 1960s. Based on these observations, we perform a series of numerical modelling experiments to determine the likely cause of Denman's acceleration since the 1970s. We show that grounding line retreat, ice shelf thinning and the detachment of Denman's ice tongue from a pinning point are the most likely causes of the observed acceleration.
William H. Lipscomb, Gunter R. Leguy, Nicolas C. Jourdain, Xylar Asay-Davis, Hélène Seroussi, and Sophie Nowicki
The Cryosphere, 15, 633–661, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-633-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-633-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This paper describes Antarctic climate change experiments in which the Community Ice Sheet Model is forced with ocean warming predicted by global climate models. Generally, ice loss begins slowly, accelerates by 2100, and then continues unabated, with widespread retreat of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. The mass loss by 2500 varies from about 150 to 1300 mm of equivalent sea level rise, based on the predicted ocean warming and assumptions about how this warming drives melting beneath ice shelves.
Marion Donat-Magnin, Nicolas C. Jourdain, Christoph Kittel, Cécile Agosta, Charles Amory, Hubert Gallée, Gerhard Krinner, and Mondher Chekki
The Cryosphere, 15, 571–593, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-571-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-571-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We simulate the West Antarctic climate in 2100 under increasing greenhouse gases. Future accumulation over the ice sheet increases, which reduces sea level changing rate. Surface ice-shelf melt rates increase until 2100. Some ice shelves experience a lot of liquid water at their surface, which indicates potential ice-shelf collapse. In contrast, no liquid water is found over other ice shelves due to huge amounts of snowfall that bury liquid water, favouring refreezing and ice-shelf stability.
Martim Mas e Braga, Jorge Bernales, Matthias Prange, Arjen P. Stroeven, and Irina Rogozhina
The Cryosphere, 15, 459–478, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-459-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-459-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We combine a computer model with different climate records to simulate how Antarctica responded to warming during marine isotope substage 11c, which can help understand Antarctica's natural drivers of change. We found that the regional climate warming of Antarctica seen in ice cores was necessary for the model to match the recorded sea level rise. A collapse of its western ice sheet is possible if a modest warming is sustained for ca. 4000 years, contributing 6.7 to 8.2 m to sea level rise.
Christian Haas, Patricia J. Langhorne, Wolfgang Rack, Greg H. Leonard, Gemma M. Brett, Daniel Price, Justin F. Beckers, and Alex J. Gough
The Cryosphere, 15, 247–264, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-247-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-247-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a method to remotely detect proxy signals of Antarctic ice shelf melt under adjacent sea ice. It is based on aircraft surveys with electromagnetic induction sounding. We found year-to-year variability of the ice shelf melt proxy in McMurdo Sound and spatial fine structure that support assumptions about the melt of the McMurdo Ice Shelf. With this method it will be possible to map and detect locations of intense ice shelf melt along the coast of Antarctica.
Javier Blasco, Jorge Alvarez-Solas, Alexander Robinson, and Marisa Montoya
The Cryosphere, 15, 215–231, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-215-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-215-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
During the Last Glacial Maximum the Antarctic Ice Sheet was larger and more extended than at present. However, neither its exact position nor the total ice volume are well constrained. Here we investigate how the different climatic boundary conditions, as well as basal friction configurations, affect the size and extent of the Antarctic Ice Sheet and discuss its potential implications.
Alia L. Khan, Heidi M. Dierssen, Ted A. Scambos, Juan Höfer, and Raul R. Cordero
The Cryosphere, 15, 133–148, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-133-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-133-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present radiative forcing (RF) estimates by snow algae in the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) region from multi-year measurements of solar radiation and ground-based hyperspectral characterization of red and green snow algae collected during a brief field expedition in austral summer 2018. Mean daily RF was double for green (~26 W m−2) vs. red (~13 W m−2) snow algae during the peak growing season, which is on par with midlatitude dust attributions capable of advancing snowmelt.
Jan De Rydt, Ronja Reese, Fernando S. Paolo, and G. Hilmar Gudmundsson
The Cryosphere, 15, 113–132, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-113-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-113-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We used satellite observations and numerical simulations of Pine Island Glacier, West Antarctica, between 1996 and 2016 to show that the recent increase in its flow speed can only be reproduced by computer models if stringent assumptions are made about the material properties of the ice and its underlying bed. These assumptions are not commonly adopted in ice flow modelling, and our results therefore have implications for future simulations of Antarctic ice flow and sea level projections.
Qian Shi, Qinghua Yang, Longjiang Mu, Jinfei Wang, François Massonnet, and Matthew R. Mazloff
The Cryosphere, 15, 31–47, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-31-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-31-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The ice thickness from four state-of-the-art reanalyses (GECCO2, SOSE, NEMO-EnKF and GIOMAS) are evaluated against that from remote sensing and in situ observations in the Weddell Sea, Antarctica. Most of the reanalyses can reproduce ice thickness in the central and eastern Weddell Sea but failed to capture the thick and deformed ice in the western Weddell Sea. These results demonstrate the possibilities and limitations of using current sea-ice reanalysis in Antarctic climate research.
Tessa Gorte, Jan T. M. Lenaerts, and Brooke Medley
The Cryosphere, 14, 4719–4733, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4719-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4719-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we analyze several spatial and temporal criteria to assess the ability of models in the CMIP5 and CMIP6 frameworks to recreate past Antarctic surface mass balance. We then compared a subset of the top performing models to all remaining models to refine future surface mass balance predictions under different forcing scenarios. We found that the top performing models predict lower surface mass balance by 2100, indicating less buffering than otherwise expected of sea level rise.
Sahra Kacimi and Ron Kwok
The Cryosphere, 14, 4453–4474, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4453-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4453-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Our current understanding of Antarctic ice cover is largely informed by ice extent measurements from passive microwave sensors. These records, while useful, provide a limited picture of how the ice is responding to climate change. In this paper, we combine measurements from ICESat-2 and CryoSat-2 missions to assess snow depth and ice thickness of the Antarctic ice cover over an 8-month period (April through November 2019). The potential impact of salinity in the snow layer is discussed.
Rei Chemke, Michael Previdi, Mark R. England, and Lorenzo M. Polvani
The Cryosphere, 14, 4135–4144, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4135-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4135-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The increase in Antarctic surface mass balance (SMB, precipitation vs. evaporation/sublimation) is projected to mitigate sea-level rise. Here we show that nearly half of this increase over the 20th century is attributed to stratospheric ozone depletion and ozone-depleting substance (ODS) emissions. Our results suggest that the phaseout of ODS by the Montreal Protocol, and the recovery of stratospheric ozone, will act to decrease the SMB over the 21st century and the mitigation of sea-level rise.
Jennifer F. Arthur, Chris R. Stokes, Stewart S. R. Jamieson, J. Rachel Carr, and Amber A. Leeson
The Cryosphere, 14, 4103–4120, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4103-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4103-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Surface meltwater lakes can flex and fracture ice shelves, potentially leading to ice shelf break-up. A long-term record of lake evolution on Shackleton Ice Shelf is produced using optical satellite imagery and compared to surface air temperature and modelled surface melt. The results reveal that lake clustering on the ice shelf is linked to melt-enhancing feedbacks. Peaks in total lake area and volume closely correspond with intense snowmelt events rather than with warmer seasonal temperatures.
Alexander H. Weinhart, Johannes Freitag, Maria Hörhold, Sepp Kipfstuhl, and Olaf Eisen
The Cryosphere, 14, 3663–3685, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3663-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3663-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
From 1 m snow profiles along a traverse on the East Antarctic Plateau, we calculated a representative surface snow density of 355 kg m−3 for this region with an error less than 1.5 %.
This density is 10 % higher and density fluctuations seem to happen on smaller scales than climate model outputs suggest. Our study can help improve the parameterization of surface snow density in climate models to reduce the error in future sea level predictions.
Tian Li, Geoffrey J. Dawson, Stephen J. Chuter, and Jonathan L. Bamber
The Cryosphere, 14, 3629–3643, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3629-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3629-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Accurate knowledge of the Antarctic grounding zone is critical for the understanding of ice sheet instability and the evaluation of mass balance. We present a new, fully automated method to map the grounding zone from ICESat-2 laser altimetry. Our results of Larsen C Ice Shelf demonstrate the efficiency, density, and high spatial accuracy with which ICESat-2 can image complex grounding zones.
Jamey Stutz, Andrew Mackintosh, Kevin Norton, Ross Whitmore, Carlo Baroni, Stewart S. R. Jamieson, R. Selwyn Jones, Greg Balco, Maria Cristina Salvatore, Stefano Casale, Jae Il Lee, Yeong Bae Seong, Hyun Hee Rhee, Robert McKay, Lauren J. Vargo, Daniel Lowry, Perry Spector, Marcus Cristl, Susan Ivy Ochs, Luigia Di Nicola, Maria Iarossi, Finlay Stuart, and Tom Woodruff
The Cryosphere Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2020-284, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2020-284, 2020
Revised manuscript accepted for TC
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding the long term behavior of ice sheets is essential to projecting future changes due to climate change. In this study, we use rocks deposited along the margin of the David Glacier, one of the largest glacier systems in the world, to reveal a rapid thinning event initiated over 7,000 years ago and endured for ~ 2,000 years. Using physical models, we show that sub-glacial topography and ocean heat are important drivers for change along this sector of the Antarctic Ice Sheet.
Thore Kausch, Stef Lhermitte, Jan T. M. Lenaerts, Nander Wever, Mana Inoue, Frank Pattyn, Sainan Sun, Sarah Wauthy, Jean-Louis Tison, and Willem Jan van de Berg
The Cryosphere, 14, 3367–3380, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3367-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3367-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Ice rises are elevated parts of the otherwise flat ice shelf. Here we study the impact of an Antarctic ice rise on the surrounding snow accumulation by combining field data and modeling. Our results show a clear difference in average yearly snow accumulation between the windward side, the leeward side and the peak of the ice rise due to differences in snowfall and wind erosion. This is relevant for the interpretation of ice core records, which are often drilled on the peak of an ice rise.
Michael Studinger, Brooke C. Medley, Kelly M. Brunt, Kimberly A. Casey, Nathan T. Kurtz, Serdar S. Manizade, Thomas A. Neumann, and Thomas B. Overly
The Cryosphere, 14, 3287–3308, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3287-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3287-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We use repeat airborne geophysical data consisting of laser altimetry, snow, and Ku-band radar and optical imagery to analyze the spatial and temporal variability in surface roughness, slope, wind deposition, and snow accumulation at 88° S. We find small–scale variability in snow accumulation based on the snow radar subsurface layering, indicating areas of strong wind redistribution are prevalent at 88° S. There is no slope–independent relationship between surface roughness and accumulation.
Ronja Reese, Anders Levermann, Torsten Albrecht, Hélène Seroussi, and Ricarda Winkelmann
The Cryosphere, 14, 3097–3110, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3097-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3097-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We compare 21st century projections of Antarctica's future sea-level contribution simulated with the Parallel Ice Sheet Model submitted to ISMIP6 with projections following the LARMIP-2 protocol based on the same model configuration. We find that (1) a preceding historic simulation increases mass loss by 5–50 % and that (2) the order of magnitude difference in the ice loss in our experiments following the two protocols can be explained by the translation of ocean forcing to sub-shelf melting.
Hélène Seroussi, Sophie Nowicki, Antony J. Payne, Heiko Goelzer, William H. Lipscomb, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Cécile Agosta, Torsten Albrecht, Xylar Asay-Davis, Alice Barthel, Reinhard Calov, Richard Cullather, Christophe Dumas, Benjamin K. Galton-Fenzi, Rupert Gladstone, Nicholas R. Golledge, Jonathan M. Gregory, Ralf Greve, Tore Hattermann, Matthew J. Hoffman, Angelika Humbert, Philippe Huybrechts, Nicolas C. Jourdain, Thomas Kleiner, Eric Larour, Gunter R. Leguy, Daniel P. Lowry, Chistopher M. Little, Mathieu Morlighem, Frank Pattyn, Tyler Pelle, Stephen F. Price, Aurélien Quiquet, Ronja Reese, Nicole-Jeanne Schlegel, Andrew Shepherd, Erika Simon, Robin S. Smith, Fiammetta Straneo, Sainan Sun, Luke D. Trusel, Jonas Van Breedam, Roderik S. W. van de Wal, Ricarda Winkelmann, Chen Zhao, Tong Zhang, and Thomas Zwinger
The Cryosphere, 14, 3033–3070, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3033-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3033-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The Antarctic ice sheet has been losing mass over at least the past 3 decades in response to changes in atmospheric and oceanic conditions. This study presents an ensemble of model simulations of the Antarctic evolution over the 2015–2100 period based on various ice sheet models, climate forcings and emission scenarios. Results suggest that the West Antarctic ice sheet will continue losing a large amount of ice, while the East Antarctic ice sheet could experience increased snow accumulation.
Tom A. Jordan, David Porter, Kirsty Tinto, Romain Millan, Atsuhiro Muto, Kelly Hogan, Robert D. Larter, Alastair G. C. Graham, and John D. Paden
The Cryosphere, 14, 2869–2882, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2869-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2869-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Linking ocean and ice sheet processes allows prediction of sea level change. Ice shelves form a floating buffer between the ice–ocean systems, but the water depth beneath is often a mystery, leaving a critical blind spot in our understanding of how these systems interact. Here, we use airborne measurements of gravity to reveal the bathymetry under the ice shelves flanking the rapidly changing Thwaites Glacier and adjacent glacier systems, providing new insights and data for future models.
Kelly A. Hogan, Robert D. Larter, Alastair G. C. Graham, Robert Arthern, James D. Kirkham, Rebecca Totten Minzoni, Tom A. Jordan, Rachel Clark, Victoria Fitzgerald, Anna K. Wåhlin, John B. Anderson, Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand, Frank O. Nitsche, Lauren Simkins, James A. Smith, Karsten Gohl, Jan Erik Arndt, Jongkuk Hong, and Julia Wellner
The Cryosphere, 14, 2883–2908, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2883-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2883-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The sea-floor geometry around the rapidly changing Thwaites Glacier is a key control on warm ocean waters reaching the ice shelf and grounding zone beyond. This area was previously unsurveyed due to icebergs and sea-ice cover. The International Thwaites Glacier Collaboration mapped this area for the first time in 2019. The data reveal troughs over 1200 m deep and, as this region is thought to have only ungrounded recently, provide key insights into the morphology beneath the grounded ice sheet.
Stefanie Arndt, Mario Hoppmann, Holger Schmithüsen, Alexander D. Fraser, and Marcel Nicolaus
The Cryosphere, 14, 2775–2793, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2775-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2775-2020, 2020
Marie-Laure Roussel, Florentin Lemonnier, Christophe Genthon, and Gerhard Krinner
The Cryosphere, 14, 2715–2727, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2715-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2715-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The Antarctic precipitation is evaluated against space radar data in the most recent climate model intercomparison CMIP6 and reanalysis ERA5. The seasonal cycle is mostly well reproduced, but relative errors are higher in areas of complex topography, particularly in the higher-resolution models. At continental and regional scales all results are biased high, with no significant progress in the more recent models. Predicting Antarctic contribution to sea level still requires model improvements.
Cited articles
Alexander, B., Savarino, J., Kreutz, K. J., and Thiemens, M.: Impact of
preindustrial biomass-burning emissions on the oxidation pathways of
tropospheric sulfur and nitrogen, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D08303,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD004218, 2004.
Alley, R., Finkel, R., Nishizumi, K., Anandakrishnan, A., Shuman, C.,
Mershon, G., Zielinski, G., and Mayewski, P. A.: Changes in continental and
sea-salt atmospheric loadings in central Greenland during the most recent
deglaciation: Model-based estimates, J. Glaciol., 41, 503–514, 1995.
Arthern, R. J., Winebrenner, D. P., and Vaughan, D. G.: Antarctic snow
accumulation mapped using polarization of 4.3-cm wavelength microwave
emission, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D06107, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD005667, 2006.
Aw, J. and Kleeman, M. J.: Evaluating the first-order effect of intraannual
temperature variability on urban air pollution, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4365,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002688,
2003.
Barrie, L. A.: Scavenging ratios, wet deposition, and in-cloud oxidation: An
application to the oxides of sulphur and nitrogen, J. Geophys. Res., 90,
5789–5799, 1985.
Berhanu, T. A., Meusinger, C., Erbland, J., Jost, R., Bhattacharya, S.,
Johnson, M. S., and Savarino, J.: Laboratory study of nitrate photolysis in
Antarctic snow. II. Isotopic effects and wavelength dependence, J. Chem.
Phy., 140, 244306, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4882899, 2014.
Berhanu, T. A., Savarino, J., Erbland, J., Vicars, W. C., Preunkert, S.,
Martins, J. F., and Johnson, M. S.: Isotopic effects of nitrate
photochemistry in snow: a field study at Dome C, Antarctica, Atmos. Chem.
Phys., 15, 11243–11256, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-11243-2015, 2015.
Bertler, N., Mayewski, P. A., Aristarain, A., Barrett, P., Becagli, S.,
Bernardo, R., Bo, S., Xiao, C., Curran, M., and Qin, D.: Snow chemistry
across Antarctica, Ann. Glaciol., 41, 167–179, 2005.
Blunier, T., Floch, G., Jacobi, H.-W., and Quansah, E.: Isotopic view on
nitrate loss in Antarctic surface snow, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L13501,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL023011, 2005.
Bock, J., Savarino, J., and Picard, G.: Air-snow exchange of nitrate: a
modelling approach to investigate physicochemical processes in surface snow
at Dome C, Antarctica, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 12531–12550,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-12531-2016, 2016.
Brown, S., Ryerson, T., Wollny, A., Brock, C., Peltier, R., Sullivan, A.,
Weber, R., Dube, W., Trainer, M., and Meagher, J.: Variability in nocturnal
nitrogen oxide processing and its role in regional air quality, Science, 311,
67–70, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1120120, 2006.
Burkhart, J. F., Bales, R. C., McConnell, J. R., Hutterli, M. A., and Frey,
M. M.: Geographic variability of nitrate deposition and preservation over the
Greenland Ice Sheet, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D06301, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD010600,
2009.
Carmagnola, C. M., Domine, F., Dumont, M., Wright, P., Strellis, B., Bergin,
M., Dibb, J., Picard, G., Libois, Q., Arnaud, L., and Morin, S.: Snow
spectral albedo at Summit, Greenland: measurements and numerical simulations
based on physical and chemical properties of the snowpack, The Cryosphere, 7,
1139–1160, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-1139-2013, 2013.
Davis, D., Chen, G., Buhr, M., Crawford, J., Lenschow, D., Lefer, B.,
Shetter, R., Eisele, F., Mauldin, L., and Hogan, A.: South Pole NOx
chemistry: an assessment of factors controlling variability and absolute
levels, Atmos. Environ., 38, 5375–5388, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.04.039,
2004.
Dibb, J. E., Gregory Huey, L., Slusher, D. L., and Tanner, D. J.: Soluble
reactive nitrogen oxides at South Pole during ISCAT 2000, Atmos. Environ.,
38, 5399–5409, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.01.001, 2004.
Ding, M., Xiao, C., Jin, B., Ren, J., Qin, D., and Sun, W.: Distribution of
δ18O in surface snow along a transect from Zhongshan Station to
Dome A, East Antarctica, Chin. Sci. Bull., 55, 2709–2714,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-010-3179-3, 2010.
Ding, M., Xiao, C., Li, Y., Ren, J., Hou, S., Jin, B., and Sun, B.: Spatial
variability of surface mass balance along a traverse route from Zhongshan
station to Dome A, Antarctica, J. Glaciol., 57, 658–666, 2011.
Duderstadt, K. A., Dibb, J. E., Jackman, C. H., Randall, C. E., Solomon, S.
C., Mills, M. J., Schwadron, N. A., and Spence, H. E.: Nitrate deposition to
surface snow at Summit, Greenland, following the 9 November 2000 solar proton
event, J. Geophys. Res., 119, 6938–6957, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JD021389, 2014.
Duderstadt, K. A., Dibb, J. E., Schwadron, N. A., Spence, H. E., Solomon, S.
C., Yudin, V. A., Jackman, C. H., and Randall, C. E.: Nitrate ion spikes in
ice cores not suitable as proxies for solar proton events, J. Geophys. Res.,
121, 2994–3016, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD023805, 2016.
Erbland, J., Vicars, W. C., Savarino, J., Morin, S., Frey, M. M., Frosini,
D., Vince, E., and Martins, J. M. F.: Air-snow transfer of nitrate on the
East Antarctic Plateau – Part 1: Isotopic evidence for a photolytically
driven dynamic equilibrium in summer, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 6403–6419,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-6403-2013, 2013.
Erbland, J., Savarino, J., Morin, S., France, J. L., Frey, M. M., and King,
M. D.: Air-snow transfer of nitrate on the East Antarctic Plateau – Part 2:
An isotopic model for the interpretation of deep ice-core records, Atmos.
Chem. Phys., 15, 12079–12113, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-12079-2015,
2015.
Felix, J. D. and Elliott, E. M.: The agricultural history of human –
nitrogen interactions as recorded in ice core δ15N-NO
Fibiger, D. L., Hastings, M. G., Dibb, J. E., and Huey, L. G.: The
preservation of atmospheric nitrate in snow at Summit, Greenland, Geophys.
Res. Lett., 40, 3484–3489, https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50659, 2013.
France, J. L., King, M. D., Frey, M. M., Erbland, J., Picard, G., Preunkert,
S., MacArthur, A., and Savarino, J.: Snow optical properties at Dome C
(Concordia), Antarctica; implications for snow emissions and snow chemistry
of reactive nitrogen, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 9787–9801,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-9787-2011, 2011.
Frey, M. M., Savarino, J., Morin, S., Erbland, J., and Martins, J. M. F.:
Photolysis imprint in the nitrate stable isotope signal in snow and
atmosphere of East Antarctica and implications for reactive nitrogen cycling,
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 8681–8696, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-8681-2009,
2009.
Geng, L., Alexander, B., Cole-Dai, J., Steig, E. J., Savarino, J., Sofen, E.
D., and Schauer, A. J.: Nitrogen isotopes in ice core nitrate linked to
anthropogenic atmospheric acidity change, P. Natl. Acad. Sci., 111,
5808–5812, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1319441111, 2014.
Geng, L., Murray, L. T., Mickley, L. J., Lin, P., Fu, Q., Schauer, A. J., and
Alexander, B.: Isotopic evidence of multiple controls on atmospheric oxidants
over climate transitions, Nature, 546, 133–136, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature22340,
2017.
Goodwin, I., De Angelis, M., Pook, M., and Young, N.: Snow accumulation
variability in Wilkes Land, East Antarctica, and the relationship to
atmospheric ridging in the 130∘–170∘ E region since 1930,
J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4673, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002995, 2003.
Grannas, A. M., Jones, A. E., Dibb, J., Ammann, M., Anastasio, C., Beine, H.
J., Bergin, M., Bottenheim, J., Boxe, C. S., Carver, G., Chen, G., Crawford,
J. H., Dominé, F., Frey, M. M., Guzmán, M. I., Heard, D. E., Helmig, D.,
Hoffmann, M. R., Honrath, R. E., Huey, L. G., Hutterli, M., Jacobi, H. W.,
Klán, P., Lefer, B., McConnell, J., Plane, J., Sander, R., Savarino, J.,
Shepson, P. B., Simpson, W. R., Sodeau, J. R., von Glasow, R., Weller, R.,
Wolff, E. W., and Zhu, T.: An overview of snow photochemistry: evidence,
mechanisms and impacts, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4329–4373,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4329-2007, 2007.
Hara, K., Osada, K., Kido, M., Matsunaga, K., Iwasaka, Y., Hashida, G., and
Yamanouchi, T.: Variations of constituents of individual sea-salt particles
at Syowa station, Antarctica, Tellus B, 57, 230–246, 2005.
Hastings, M. G., Steig, E., and Sigman, D.: Seasonal variations in N and O
isotopes of nitrate in snow at Summit, Greenland: Implications for the study
of nitrate in snow and ice cores, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D20306,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD004991, 2004.
Hastings, M. G., Jarvis, J. C., and Steig, E. J.: Anthropogenic impacts on
nitrogen isotopes of ice-core nitrate, Science, 324, 1288–1288,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1170510, 2009.
Holland, P. R., Bruneau, N., Enright, C., Losch, M., Kurtz, N. T., and Kwok,
R.: Modeled Trends in Antarctic Sea Ice Thickness, J. Climate, 27,
3784–3801, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00301.1, 2014.
Hou, S., Li, Y., Xiao, C., and Ren, J.: Recent accumulation rate at Dome A,
Antarctica, Chin. Sci. Bull., 52, 428–431, 2007.
Huey, L. G., Tanner, D. J., Slusher, D. L., Dibb, J. E., Arimoto, R., Chen,
G., Davis, D., Buhr, M. P., Nowak, J. B., Mauldin Iii, R. L., Eisele, F. L.,
and Kosciuch, E.: CIMS measurements of HNO3 and SO2 at the South
Pole during ISCAT 2000, Atmos. Environ., 38, 5411–5421,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.04.037, 2004.
Jones, A. E., Weller, R., Minikin, A., Wolff, E. W., Sturges, W. T.,
Mcintyre, H. P., Leonard, S. R., Schrems, O., and Bauguitte, S.: Oxidized
nitrogen chemistry and speciation in the Antarctic troposphere, J. Geophys.
Res., 1042, 21355–21366, 1999.
Jones, A. E., Wolff, E. W., Ames, D., Bauguitte, S. J.-B., Clemitshaw, K. C.,
Fleming, Z., Mills, G. P., Saiz-Lopez, A., Salmon, R. A., Sturges, W. T., and
Worton, D. R.: The multi-seasonal NOy budget in coastal Antarctica and its
link with surface snow and ice core nitrate: results from the CHABLIS
campaign, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 9271–9285,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-9271-2011, 2011.
Jourdain, B., and Legrand, M.: Year-round records of bulk and size-segregated
aerosol composition and HCl and HNO3 levels in the Dumont d'Urville
(coastal Antarctica) atmosphere: Implications for sea-salt aerosol
fractionation in the winter and summer, J. Geophys. Res., 107,
ACH20-21–ACH20-13, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002471, 2002.
Kasper-Giebl, A., Kalina, M. F., and Puxbaum, H.: Scavenging ratios for
sulfate, ammonium and nitrate determined at Mt. Sonnblick (3106 m a.s.l.),
Atmos. Environ., 33, 895–906, 1999.
Laluraj, C., Thamban, M., Naik, S., Redkar, B., Chaturvedi, A., and Ravindra,
R.: Nitrate records of a shallow ice core from East Antarctica: Atmospheric
processes, preservation and climatic implications, The Holocene, 21,
351–356, https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683610374886, 2010.
Lee, H.-M., Henze, D. K., Alexander, B., and Murray, L. T.: Investigating the
sensitivity of surface-level nitrate seasonality in Antarctica to primary
sources using a global model, Atmos. Environ., 89, 757–767,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.03.003, 2014.
Legrand, M.: Chemistry of Antarctic snow and ice, Le Journal De Physique
Colloques, 48, C1-77–C71-86, 1987.
Legrand, M. and Kirchner, S.: Origins and variations of nitrate in South
Polar precipitation, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 3493–3507 1990.
Legrand, M. and Mayewski, P. A.: Glaciochemistry of polar ice cores: a
review, Rev. Geophys., 35, 219–243, 1997.
Legrand, M., Wolff, E., and Wagenbach, D.: Antarctic aerosol and snowfall
chemistry: implications for deep Antarctic ice-core chemistry, Ann. Glaciol.,
29, 66–72, 1999.
Legrand, M., Preunkert, S., Weller, R., Zipf, L., Elsässer, C., Merchel,
S., Rugel, G., and Wagenbach, D.: Year-round record of bulk and
size-segregated aerosol composition in central Antarctica (Concordia site) –
Part 2: Biogenic sulfur (sulfate and methanesulfonate) aerosol, Atmos. Chem.
Phys., 17, 14055–14073, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-14055-2017, 2017a.
Legrand, M., Preunkert, S., Wolff, E., Weller, R., Jourdain, B., and
Wagenbach, D.: Year-round records of bulk and size-segregated aerosol
composition in central Antarctica (Concordia site) – Part 1: Fractionation
of sea-salt particles, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 14039–14054,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-14039-2017, 2017b.
Legrand, M. R., Stordal, F., Isaksen, I. S. A., and Rognerud, B.: A model
study of the stratospheric budget of odd nitrogen, including effects of solar
cycle variations, Tellus B, 41B, 413–426,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.1989.tb00318.x, 1989.
Li, C., Ren, J., Qin, D., Xiao, C., Hou, S., Li, Y., and Ding, M.: Factors
controlling the nitrate in the DT-401 ice core in eastern Antarctica, Sci.
China Ser. D, 56, 1531–1539, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-012-4557-2, 2013.
Li, Y., Cole-Dai, J., and Zhou, L.: Glaciochemical evidence in an East
Antarctica ice core of a recent (AD 1450-1850) neoglacial episode, J.
Geophys. Res., 114, D08117, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD011091, 2009.
Li, Z., Zhang, M., Qin, D., Xiao, C., Tian, L., Kang, J., and Li, J.: The
seasonal variations of δ18O, Cl−, Na+, NO
Liss, P. S., Chuck, A. L., Turner, S. M., and Watson, A. J.: Air-sea gas
exchange in Antarctic waters, Antarct. Sci., 16, 517–529,
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954102004002299, 2004.
Ma, Y., Bian, L., Xiao, C., Allison, I., and Zhou, X.: Near surface climate
of the traverse route from Zhongshan Station to Dome A, East Antarctica,
Antarct. Sci., 22, 443–459, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954102010000209, 2010.
Marion, G., Farren, R., and Komrowski, A.: Alternative pathways for seawater
freezing, Cold Reg. Sci. Technol., 29, 259–266, 1999.
Mayewski, P. A. and Legrand, M. R.: Recent increase in nitrate concentration
of Antarctic snow, Nature, 346, 258–260, 1990.
McCabe, J. R., Thiemens, M. H., and Savarino, J.: A record of ozone
variability in South Pole Antarctic snow: Role of nitrate oxygen isotopes, J.
Geophys. Res., 112, D12303, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007822, 2007.
Mulvaney, R. and Wolff, E.: Evidence for winter/spring denitrification of the
stratosphere in the nitrate record of Antarctic firn cores, J. Geophys. Res.,
98, 5213–5220, 1993.
Mulvaney, R. and Wolff, E.: Spatial variability of the major chemistry of the
Antarctic ice sheet, Ann. Glaciol., 20, 440–447, 1994.
Mulvaney, R., Wagenbach, D., and Wolff, E. W.: Postdepositional change in
snowpack nitrate from observation of year-round near-surface snow in coastal
Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 11021–11031, 1998.
Parish, T. R. and Bromwich, D. H.: Reexamination of the near-surface airflow
over the Antarctic continent and implications on atmospheric circulations at
high southern latitudes, Mon. Weather. Rev., 135, 1961–1973,
https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR3374.1, 2007.
Piel, C., Weller, R., Huke, M., and Wagenbach, D.: Atmospheric methane
sulfonate and non-sea-salt sulfate records at the European Project for Ice
Coring in Antarctica (EPICA) deep-drilling site in Dronning Maud Land,
Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D03304,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006213, 2006.
Qin, D., Zeller, E. J., and Dreschhoff, G. A.: The distribution of nitrate
content in the surface snow of the Antarctic Ice Sheet along the route of the
1990 International Trans-Antarctica Expedition, J. Geophys. Res., 97,
6277–6284, 1992.
Röthlisberger, R., Hutterli, M. A., Sommer, S., Wolff, E. W., and
Mulvaney, R.: Factors controlling nitrate in ice cores: Evidence from the
Dome C deep ice core, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 20565–20572, 2000.
Röthlisberger, R., Hutterli, M. A., Wolff, E. W., Mulvaney, R., Fischer,
H., Bigler, M., Goto-Azuma, K., Hansson, M. E., Ruth, U., and
Siggaard-Andersen, M.-L.: Nitrate in Greenland and Antarctic ice cores: A
detailed description of post-depositional processes, Ann. Glaciol., 35,
209–216, 2002.
Röthlisberger, R., Mulvaney, R., Wolff, E. W., Hutterli, M. A., Bigler,
M., De Angelis, M., Hansson, M. E., Steffensen, J. P., and Udisti, R.: Limited
dechlorination of sea-salt aerosols during the last glacial period: Evidence
from the European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica (EPICA) Dome C ice
core, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4526, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD003604, 2003.
Rankin, A. M. and Wolff, E. W.: A year-long record of size-segregated aerosol
composition at Halley, Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4775,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD003993, 2003.
Rankin, A. M., Wolff, E. W., and Martin, S.: Frost flowers: Implications for
tropospheric chemistry and ice core interpretation, J. Geophys. Res., 107,
4683,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002492, 2002.
Russell, A., Mcgregor, G. R., and Marshall, G. J.: An examination of the
precipitation delivery mechanisms for Dolleman Island, eastern Antarctic
Peninsula, Tellus A, 56, 501–513, 2004.
Russell, A., McGregor, G., and Marshall, G.: 340 years of atmospheric
circulation characteristics reconstructed from an eastern Antarctic
Peninsula ice core, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L08702,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL025899, 2006.
Seinfeld, J. H. and Pandis, S. N.: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics: From
Air Pollution to Climate Change, 2nd ed. Wiley, New York, 1997.
Shi, G.: Data set to: Nitrate concentrations in surface snow and snowpit on
the traverse from coast (Zhongshan Station) to Dome A, Data-sharing Platform
of Polar Science, Chinese Antarctic and Arctic Data Centre-CHINARE,
https://doi.org/10.11856/SNS.D.2018.001.v0, 2018.
Shi, G., Buffen, A. M., Hastings, M. G., Li, C., Ma, H., Li, Y., Sun, B., An,
C., and Jiang, S.: Investigation of post-depositional processing of nitrate
in East Antarctic snow: isotopic constraints on photolytic loss,
re-oxidation, and source inputs, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 9435–9453,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9435-2015, 2015.
Shrestha, A., Wake, C., Dibb, J., and Whitlow, S.: Aerosol and Precipitation
Chemistry at a Remote Himalayan Site in Nepal, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 36,
441–456, 2002.
Sigl, M., Fudge, T. J., Winstrup, M., Cole-Dai, J., Ferris, D., McConnell, J.
R., Taylor, K. C., Welten, K. C., Woodruff, T. E., Adolphi, F., Bisiaux, M.,
Brook, E. J., Buizert, C., Caffee, M. W., Dunbar, N. W., Edwards, R., Geng,
L., Iverson, N., Koffman, B., Layman, L., Maselli, O. J., McGwire, K.,
Muscheler, R., Nishiizumi, K., Pasteris, D. R., Rhodes, R. H., and Sowers, T.
A.: The WAIS Divide deep ice core WD2014 chronology – Part 2: Annual-layer
counting (0–31 ka BP), Clim. Past, 12, 769–786,
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-769-2016, 2016.
Smart, D. F., Shea, M. A., Melott, A. L., and Laird, C. M.: Low time
resolution analysis of polar ice cores cannot detect impulsive nitrate
events, J. Geophys. Res.-Space Phys., 119, 9430–9440,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JA020378, 2014.
Traversi, R., Becagli, S., Castellano, E., Cerri, O., Morganti, A., Severi,
M., and Udisti, R.: Study of Dome C site (East Antartica) variability by
comparing chemical stratigraphies, Microchem. J., 92, 7–14,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2008.08.007, 2009.
Traversi, R., Usoskin, I., Solanki, S., Becagli, S., Frezzotti, M., Severi,
M., Stenni, B., and Udisti, R.: Nitrate in Polar Ice: A New Tracer of Solar
Variability, Sol. Phys., 280, 237–254, 2012.
Traversi, R., Udisti, R., Frosini, D., Becagli, S., Ciardini, V., Funke, B.,
Lanconelli, C., Petkov, B., Scarchilli, C., and Severi, M.: Insights on
nitrate sources at Dome C (East Antarctic Plateau) from multi-year aerosol
and snow records, Tellus B, 66, 22550, https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v66.22550, 2014.
Traversi, R., Becagli, S., Brogioni, M., Caiazzo, L., Ciardini, V., Giardi,
F., Legrand, M., Macelloni, G., Petkov, B., Preunkert, S., Scarchilli, C.,
Severi, M., Vitale, V., and Udisti, R.: Multi-year record of atmospheric and
snow surface nitrate in the central Antarctic plateau, Chemosphere, 172,
341–354, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.12.143, 2017.
Udisti, R., Becagli, S., Benassai, S., Castellano, E., Fattori, I.,
Innocenti, M., Migliori, A., and Traversi, R.: Atmosphere-snow interaction by
a comparison between aerosol and uppermost snow-layers composition at Dome C,
East Antarctica, Ann. Glaciol., 39, 53–61, 2004.
Wagenbach, D., Graf, V., Minikin, A., Trefzer, U., Kipfstuhl, J., Oerter, H.,
and Blindow, N.: Reconnaissance of chemical and isotopic firn properties on
top of Berkner Island, Antarctica, Ann. Glaciol., 20, 307–312, 1994.
Wagenbach, D., Ducroz, F., Mulvaney, R., Keck, L., Minikin, A., Legrand, M.,
Hall, J. S., and Wolff, E. W.: Sea-salt aerosol in coastal Antarctic regions,
J. Geophys. Res., 103, 10961–10974, 1998a.
Warren, S. G., Brandt, R. E., and Grenfell, T. C.: Visible and near-ultraviolet
absorption spectrum of ice from transmission of solar radiation into snow,
Appl. Optics, 45, 5320–5334, 2006.
Weller, R. and Wagenbach, D.: Year-round chemical aerosol records in
continental Antarctica obtained by automatic samplings, Tellus B, 59, 755–765, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.2007.00293.x, 2007.
Weller, R., Traufetter, F., Fischer, H., Oerter, H., Piel, C., and Miller,
H.: Postdepositional losses of methane sulfonate, nitrate, and chloride at
the European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica deep-drilling site in
Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res., 109, 1–9,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD004189, 2004.
Witherow, R. A., Lyons, W. B., Bertler, N. A., Welch, K. A., Mayewski, P. A.,
Sneed, S. B., Nylen, T., Handley, M. J., and Fountain, A.: The aeolian flux
of calcium, chloride and nitrate to the McMurdo Dry Valleys landscape:
evidence from snow pit analysis, Antarct. Sci., 18, 497–505,
https://doi.org/10.1017/S095410200600054X, 2006.
Wolff, E. W.: Nitrate in polar ice, in: Ice core studies of global
biogeochemical cycles, edited by: Delmas, R. J., Springer, New York,
195–224, 1995.
Wolff, E. W., Jones, A. E., Bauguitte, S. J.-B., and Salmon, R. A.: The
interpretation of spikes and trends in concentration of nitrate in polar ice
cores, based on evidence from snow and atmospheric measurements, Atmos. Chem.
Phys., 8, 5627–5634, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-5627-2008, 2008.
Wolff, E. W., Barbante, S., Becagle, S., Bigler, M., Boutron, C. F.,
Castellano, E., de Angelis, M., and Federer, U.: Changes in environment over
the last 800,000 years from chemical analysis of the EPICA Dome C ice core,
Quaternary Sci. Rev., 29, 285–295, 2010.
Wolff, E. W., Bigler, M., Curran, M., Dibb, J., Frey, M., Legrand, M., and
McConnell, J.: The Carrington event not observed in most ice core nitrate
records, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L08503, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL051603, 2012.
Wolff, E. W., Bigler, M., Curran, M. A. J., Dibb, J. E., Frey, M. M.,
Legrand, M., and Mcconnell, J. R.: Comment on “Low time resolution analysis
of polar ice cores cannot detect impulsive nitrate events” by D.F. Smart et
al., J. Geophys. Res., 121, 1920–1924, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JA021570, 2016.
Xiao, C., Mayewski, P. A., Qin, D., Li, Z., Zhang, M., and Yan, Y.: Sea level
pressure variability over the southern Indian Ocean inferred from a
glaciochemical record in Princess Elizabeth Land, east Antarctica, J.
Geophys. Res., 109, D16101, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD004065, 2004.
Zatko, M. C., Grenfell, T. C., Alexander, B., Doherty, S. J., Thomas, J. L.,
and Yang, X.: The influence of snow grain size and impurities on the vertical
profiles of actinic flux and associated NOx emissions on the Antarctic and
Greenland ice sheets, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 3547–3567,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-3547-2013, 2013.
Zatko, M., Geng, L., Alexander, B., Sofen, E., and Klein, K.: The impact of
snow nitrate photolysis on boundary layer chemistry and the recycling and
redistribution of reactive nitrogen across Antarctica and Greenland in a
global chemical transport model, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 2819–2842,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2819-2016, 2016.
Zeller, E. J., Dreschhoff, G. A., and Laird, C. M.: Nitrate flux on the Ross
Ice Shelf, Antarctica and its relation to solar cosmic rays, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 13, 1264–1267, 1986.
Short summary
The deposition and preservation of NO3− across East Antarctica was investigated. On the coast, dry deposition contributes 27–44 % of the NO3− fluxes, and the linear relationship between NO3− and snow accumulation rate suggests a homogeneity of atmospheric NO3− levels. In inland snow, a relatively weak correlation between NO3− and snow accumulation was found, indicating that NO3− is mainly dominated by post-depositional processes. The coexisting ions are generally less influential on snow NO3−.
The deposition and preservation of NO3− across East Antarctica was investigated. On the coast,...
