Articles | Volume 11, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-989-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-989-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| Highlight paper
| 
20 Apr 2017
Research article | Highlight paper |
| 20 Apr 2017
Process-level model evaluation: a snow and heat transfer metric
Andrew G. Slater
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
NSIDC/CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
deceased, September 2016
David M. Lawrence
National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
Charles D. Koven
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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37 citations as recorded by crossref.
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- Controls of soil organic matter on soil thermal dynamics in the northern high latitudes D. Zhu et al. 10.1038/s41467-019-11103-1
- Evaluating permafrost physics in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6) models and their sensitivity to climate change E. Burke et al. 10.5194/tc-14-3155-2020
- Inconsistency and correction of manually observed ground surface temperatures over snow-covered regions B. Cao et al. 10.1016/j.agrformet.2023.109518
- Investigating the sensitivity of soil heterotrophic respiration to recent snow cover changes in Alaska using a satellite-based permafrost carbon model Y. Yi et al. 10.5194/bg-17-5861-2020
- First Quantification of the Permafrost Heat Sink in the Earth's Climate System J. Nitzbon et al. 10.1029/2022GL102053
- The influence of snow microstructure on dual-frequency radar measurements in a tundra environment J. King et al. 10.1016/j.rse.2018.05.028
- Ground thermal regime changes caused by integrated warming, wetting, and greening in permafrost regions of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau G. Linmao et al. 10.1016/j.catena.2024.108658
- Snow redistribution decreases winter soil carbon loss in the Arctic dry heath tundra Y. Liu et al. 10.1016/j.agrformet.2024.110158
- Threshold Changes in Winter Temperature and Precipitation Drive Threshold Responses Across Nine Global Climate Zones and Associated Biomes A. Contosta et al. 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110421-102101
- Shallow soils are warmer under trees and tall shrubs across Arctic and Boreal ecosystems H. Kropp et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/abc994
- Snow-Covered Soil Temperature Retrieval in Canadian Arctic Permafrost Areas, Using a Land Surface Scheme Informed with Satellite Remote Sensing Data N. Marchand et al. 10.3390/rs10111703
- Multi-scale snowdrift-permitting modelling of mountain snowpack V. Vionnet et al. 10.5194/tc-15-743-2021
- A synthesis dataset of permafrost-affected soil thermal conditions for Alaska, USA K. Wang et al. 10.5194/essd-10-2311-2018
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- Seasonal Peak Snow Predictability Derived From Early‐Season Snow in North America J. Lundquist et al. 10.1029/2023GL103802
- ESM-SnowMIP: assessing snow models and quantifying snow-related climate feedbacks G. Krinner et al. 10.5194/gmd-11-5027-2018
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- Now you see it, now you don't: a case study of ephemeral snowpacks and soil moisture response in the Great Basin, USA R. Petersky & A. Harpold 10.5194/hess-22-4891-2018
- Impact of measured and simulated tundra snowpack properties on heat transfer V. Dutch et al. 10.5194/tc-16-4201-2022
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- Partitioning snowmelt and rainfall in the critical zone: effects of climate type and soil properties J. Hammond et al. 10.5194/hess-23-3553-2019
- Snow Depth Trends from CMIP6 Models Conflict with Observational Evidence X. Zhong et al. 10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0177.1
- Snow depth and the associated offset in ground temperatures in a landscape manipulated with snow-fences Y. Liu et al. 10.1016/j.geoderma.2023.116632
- Environmental controls of winter soil carbon dioxide fluxes in boreal and tundra environments A. Mavrovic et al. 10.5194/bg-20-5087-2023
- Evaluation of snow cover and snow water equivalent in the continental Arctic in CMIP5 models M. Santolaria-Otín & O. Zolina 10.1007/s00382-020-05434-9
- Increasing the Depth of a Land Surface Model. Part II: Temperature Sensitivity to Improved Subsurface Thermodynamics and Associated Permafrost Response N. Steinert et al. 10.1175/JHM-D-21-0023.1
- Variability in Antarctic surface climatology across regional climate models and reanalysis datasets J. Carter et al. 10.5194/tc-16-3815-2022
- Tipping point in North American Arctic-Boreal carbon sink persists in new generation Earth system models despite reduced uncertainty R. Braghiere et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/acb226
- The Met Office Unified Model Global Atmosphere 7.0/7.1 and JULES Global Land 7.0 configurations D. Walters et al. 10.5194/gmd-12-1909-2019
- The Community Land Model Version 5: Description of New Features, Benchmarking, and Impact of Forcing Uncertainty D. Lawrence et al. 10.1029/2018MS001583
- Observations and simulations of the seasonal evolution of snowpack cold content and its relation to snowmelt and the snowpack energy budget K. Jennings et al. 10.5194/tc-12-1595-2018
- Snow cover controls seasonally frozen ground regime on the southern edge of Altai Mountains W. Zhang et al. 10.1016/j.agrformet.2020.108271
- Higher climatological temperature sensitivity of soil carbon in cold than warm climates C. Koven et al. 10.1038/nclimate3421
36 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Evaluating the impact of peat soils and snow schemes on simulated active layer thickness at pan-Arctic permafrost sites J. Tao et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/ad38ce
- Controls of soil organic matter on soil thermal dynamics in the northern high latitudes D. Zhu et al. 10.1038/s41467-019-11103-1
- Evaluating permafrost physics in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6) models and their sensitivity to climate change E. Burke et al. 10.5194/tc-14-3155-2020
- Inconsistency and correction of manually observed ground surface temperatures over snow-covered regions B. Cao et al. 10.1016/j.agrformet.2023.109518
- Investigating the sensitivity of soil heterotrophic respiration to recent snow cover changes in Alaska using a satellite-based permafrost carbon model Y. Yi et al. 10.5194/bg-17-5861-2020
- First Quantification of the Permafrost Heat Sink in the Earth's Climate System J. Nitzbon et al. 10.1029/2022GL102053
- The influence of snow microstructure on dual-frequency radar measurements in a tundra environment J. King et al. 10.1016/j.rse.2018.05.028
- Ground thermal regime changes caused by integrated warming, wetting, and greening in permafrost regions of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau G. Linmao et al. 10.1016/j.catena.2024.108658
- Snow redistribution decreases winter soil carbon loss in the Arctic dry heath tundra Y. Liu et al. 10.1016/j.agrformet.2024.110158
- Threshold Changes in Winter Temperature and Precipitation Drive Threshold Responses Across Nine Global Climate Zones and Associated Biomes A. Contosta et al. 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110421-102101
- Shallow soils are warmer under trees and tall shrubs across Arctic and Boreal ecosystems H. Kropp et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/abc994
- Snow-Covered Soil Temperature Retrieval in Canadian Arctic Permafrost Areas, Using a Land Surface Scheme Informed with Satellite Remote Sensing Data N. Marchand et al. 10.3390/rs10111703
- Multi-scale snowdrift-permitting modelling of mountain snowpack V. Vionnet et al. 10.5194/tc-15-743-2021
- A synthesis dataset of permafrost-affected soil thermal conditions for Alaska, USA K. Wang et al. 10.5194/essd-10-2311-2018
- Improved ELMv1-ECA simulations of zero-curtain periods and cold-season CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions at Alaskan Arctic tundra sites J. Tao et al. 10.5194/tc-15-5281-2021
- Seasonal Peak Snow Predictability Derived From Early‐Season Snow in North America J. Lundquist et al. 10.1029/2023GL103802
- ESM-SnowMIP: assessing snow models and quantifying snow-related climate feedbacks G. Krinner et al. 10.5194/gmd-11-5027-2018
- How does a warm and low-snow winter impact the snow cover dynamics in a humid and discontinuous boreal forest? Insights from observations and modeling in eastern Canada B. Bouchard et al. 10.5194/hess-28-2745-2024
- Now you see it, now you don't: a case study of ephemeral snowpacks and soil moisture response in the Great Basin, USA R. Petersky & A. Harpold 10.5194/hess-22-4891-2018
- Impact of measured and simulated tundra snowpack properties on heat transfer V. Dutch et al. 10.5194/tc-16-4201-2022
- Snow depth time series Generation: Effective simulation at multiple time scales H. Abdelmoaty et al. 10.1016/j.hydroa.2024.100177
- Model simulations of arctic biogeochemistry and permafrost extent are highly sensitive to the implemented snow scheme in LPJ-GUESS A. Pongracz et al. 10.5194/bg-18-5767-2021
- Snowtography quantifies effects of forest cover on net water input to soil at sites with ephemeral or stable seasonal snowpack in Arizona, USA R. Dwivedi et al. 10.1002/eco.2494
- Quantifying the Effects of Snowpack on Soil Thermal and Carbon Dynamics of the Arctic Terrestrial Ecosystems Z. Lyu & Q. Zhuang 10.1002/2017JG003864
- Partitioning snowmelt and rainfall in the critical zone: effects of climate type and soil properties J. Hammond et al. 10.5194/hess-23-3553-2019
- Snow Depth Trends from CMIP6 Models Conflict with Observational Evidence X. Zhong et al. 10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0177.1
- Snow depth and the associated offset in ground temperatures in a landscape manipulated with snow-fences Y. Liu et al. 10.1016/j.geoderma.2023.116632
- Environmental controls of winter soil carbon dioxide fluxes in boreal and tundra environments A. Mavrovic et al. 10.5194/bg-20-5087-2023
- Evaluation of snow cover and snow water equivalent in the continental Arctic in CMIP5 models M. Santolaria-Otín & O. Zolina 10.1007/s00382-020-05434-9
- Increasing the Depth of a Land Surface Model. Part II: Temperature Sensitivity to Improved Subsurface Thermodynamics and Associated Permafrost Response N. Steinert et al. 10.1175/JHM-D-21-0023.1
- Variability in Antarctic surface climatology across regional climate models and reanalysis datasets J. Carter et al. 10.5194/tc-16-3815-2022
- Tipping point in North American Arctic-Boreal carbon sink persists in new generation Earth system models despite reduced uncertainty R. Braghiere et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/acb226
- The Met Office Unified Model Global Atmosphere 7.0/7.1 and JULES Global Land 7.0 configurations D. Walters et al. 10.5194/gmd-12-1909-2019
- The Community Land Model Version 5: Description of New Features, Benchmarking, and Impact of Forcing Uncertainty D. Lawrence et al. 10.1029/2018MS001583
- Observations and simulations of the seasonal evolution of snowpack cold content and its relation to snowmelt and the snowpack energy budget K. Jennings et al. 10.5194/tc-12-1595-2018
- Snow cover controls seasonally frozen ground regime on the southern edge of Altai Mountains W. Zhang et al. 10.1016/j.agrformet.2020.108271
1 citations as recorded by crossref.
Latest update: 14 Dec 2024
Short summary
This work defines a metric for evaluation of a specific model snow process, namely, heat transfer through snow into soil. Heat transfer through snow regulates the difference in air temperature versus soil temperature. Accurate representation of the snow heat transfer process is critically important for accurate representation of the current and future state of permafrost. Utilizing this metric, we can clearly identify models that can and cannot reasonably represent snow heat transfer.
This work defines a metric for evaluation of a specific model snow process, namely, heat...
