Articles | Volume 10, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-371-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-371-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Intercomparison of snow density measurements: bias, precision, and vertical resolution
Martin Proksch
WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Flüelastrasse 11, 7260 Davos Dorf, Switzerland
Institute of Meteorology and Geophysics, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
Nick Rutter
Department of Geography, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
Charles Fierz
WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Flüelastrasse 11, 7260 Davos Dorf, Switzerland
WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Flüelastrasse 11, 7260 Davos Dorf, Switzerland
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Cited
77 citations as recorded by crossref.
- A Snow Density Dataset for Improving Surface Boundary Conditions in Greenland Ice Sheet Firn Modeling R. Fausto et al. 10.3389/feart.2018.00051
- Spatial and temporal variability in snow density across the Northern Hemisphere W. Zhao et al. 10.1016/j.catena.2023.107445
- Wind tunnel experiments to quantify the effect of aeolian snow transport on the surface snow microstructure B. Walter et al. 10.5194/tc-18-3633-2024
- Bistatic SAR Radar for Long-Term Snow Pack Monitoring J. Eriksrod et al. 10.1109/TGRS.2019.2935781
- Comparing measurements of snow mechanical properties relevant for slab avalanche release B. REUTER et al. 10.1017/jog.2018.93
- On the Birth of Structural and Crystallographic Fabric Signals in Polar Snow: A Case Study From the EastGRIP Snowpack M. Montagnat et al. 10.3389/feart.2020.00365
- Temporal evolution of crack propagation propensity in snow in relation to slab and weak layer properties J. Schweizer et al. 10.5194/tc-10-2637-2016
- Local-scale variability of snow density on Arctic sea ice J. King et al. 10.5194/tc-14-4323-2020
- Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Seasonal Snow Cover in Northeast Greenland from in Situ Observations S. Pedersen et al. 10.1657/AAAR0016-028
- The Impact of Diffusive Water Vapor Transport on Snow Profiles in Deep and Shallow Snow Covers and on Sea Ice M. Jafari et al. 10.3389/feart.2020.00249
- Impact of measured and simulated tundra snowpack properties on heat transfer V. Dutch et al. 10.5194/tc-16-4201-2022
- Comparative Effectiveness of an Artificial Air Pocket Device to Delay Asphyxiation in Supine Individuals Critically Buried in Avalanche Debris G. Strapazzon et al. 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.13376
- Snowpack response to directed gas explosions on level ground S. Simioni et al. 10.1016/j.coldregions.2017.09.012
- Effects of snow properties on humans breathing into an artificial air pocket – an experimental field study G. Strapazzon et al. 10.1038/s41598-017-17960-4
- Spatial-Temporal Variability of the δ<sup>18</sup>O Values and the Snow Cover Structure on the Territory of the Meteorological Observatory of the Lomonosov Moscow State University S. Sokratov et al. 10.31857/S2076673423040154
- Vom Punkt zur Fläche in der Messung des Wasseräquivalents der Schneedecke – Mehrwert von Cosmic-Ray Neutron Sensoren in der regionalen Schneemodellierung P. Schattan et al. 10.1007/s00506-018-0500-x
- Observations and simulations of new snow density in the drifting snow-dominated environment of Antarctica N. Wever et al. 10.1017/jog.2022.102
- Marked decrease in the near-surface snow density retrieved by AMSR-E satellite at Dome C, Antarctica, between 2002 and 2011 N. Champollion et al. 10.5194/tc-13-1215-2019
- Relating regional and point measurements of accumulation in southwest Greenland A. Heilig et al. 10.5194/tc-14-385-2020
- Elemental and water-insoluble organic carbon in Svalbard snow: a synthesis of observations during 2007–2018 C. Zdanowicz et al. 10.5194/acp-21-3035-2021
- The influence of snow microstructure on dual-frequency radar measurements in a tundra environment J. King et al. 10.1016/j.rse.2018.05.028
- Performance of snow density measurement systems in snow stratigraphies J. Hao et al. 10.2166/nh.2021.133
- Hansbreen Snowpit Dataset – over 30-year of detailed snow research on an Arctic glacier M. Laska et al. 10.1038/s41597-022-01767-8
- Environmental controls of winter soil carbon dioxide fluxes in boreal and tundra environments A. Mavrovic et al. 10.5194/bg-20-5087-2023
- Snow Precipitation Measured by Gauges: Systematic Error Estimation and Data Series Correction in the Central Italian Alps G. Grossi et al. 10.3390/w9070461
- Review article: Global monitoring of snow water equivalent using high-frequency radar remote sensing L. Tsang et al. 10.5194/tc-16-3531-2022
- Very old firn air linked to strong density layering at Styx Glacier, coastal Victoria Land, East Antarctica Y. Jang et al. 10.5194/tc-13-2407-2019
- Validating modeled critical crack length for crack propagation in the snow cover model SNOWPACK B. Richter et al. 10.5194/tc-13-3353-2019
- Intercomparison of measurements of bulk snow density and water equivalent of snow cover with snow core samplers: Instrumental bias and variability induced by observers J. López‐Moreno et al. 10.1002/hyp.13785
- Mapping snow density through thermal inertia observations R. Colombo et al. 10.1016/j.rse.2022.113323
- Spatial Variability of Snow Water Equivalent – The Case Study from the Research Site in Khibiny Mountains, Russia A. Komarov et al. 10.2478/johh-2018-0016
- Timing and identification of potential snow avalanche types: a case study of the central Tianshan Mountains J. Hao et al. 10.1007/s10346-021-01766-7
- Accuracy of Manual Snow Sampling, Depending on the Sampler’s Cross-Section—A Comparative Study M. Kaasik et al. 10.3390/geosciences13070205
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- The RHOSSA campaign: multi-resolution monitoring of the seasonal evolution of the structure and mechanical stability of an alpine snowpack N. Calonne et al. 10.5194/tc-14-1829-2020
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- Mass-Budget Anomalies and Geometry Signals of Three Austrian Glaciers C. Charalampidis et al. 10.3389/feart.2018.00218
- Effect of snow microstructure variability on Ku-band radar snow water equivalent retrievals N. Rutter et al. 10.5194/tc-13-3045-2019
- Extrication Times During Avalanche Companion Rescue: A Randomized Single-Blinded Manikin Study B. Wallner et al. 10.1089/ham.2019.0021
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- Hypoxia and hypercapnia effects on cerebral oxygen saturation in avalanche burial: A pilot human experimental study G. Strapazzon et al. 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.11.023
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- Snow Particle Analyzer for Simultaneous Measurements of Snow Density and Morphology J. Li et al. 10.1029/2023JD038987
- European In-Situ Snow Measurements: Practices and Purposes R. Pirazzini et al. 10.3390/s18072016
- Continuous monitoring of snowpack dynamics in alpine terrain by aboveground neutron sensing P. Schattan et al. 10.1002/2016WR020234
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- Snow Equi‐Temperature Metamorphism Described by a Phase‐Field Model Applicable on Micro‐Tomographic Images: Prediction of Microstructural and Transport Properties L. Bouvet et al. 10.1029/2022MS002998
- The Effects of Dry Snow on the SAR Impulse Response and Feasibility for Single Channel Snow Water Equivalent Estimation J. Eppler & B. Rabus 10.1109/TGRS.2021.3089131
- Time-resolved measurements of the densities of individual frozen hydrometeors and fresh snowfall D. Singh et al. 10.5194/amt-17-4581-2024
- Snow liquid water content measurement using an open-ended coaxial probe (OECP) A. Mavrovic et al. 10.1016/j.coldregions.2019.102958
- Derivation and Evaluation of a New Extinction Coefficient for Use With the n-HUT Snow Emission Model W. Maslanka et al. 10.1109/TGRS.2019.2913208
- Review of compressed snow mechanics: Testing methods M. Shenvi et al. 10.1016/j.jterra.2021.11.006
- Snow Density Retrieval in Quebec Using Space-Borne SMOS Observations X. Gao et al. 10.3390/rs15082065
- Spatio-Temporal Characteristics and Differences in Snow Density between the Tibet Plateau and the Arctic W. Zhao et al. 10.3390/rs15163976
- Comparison of manual snow water equivalent (SWE) measurements: seeking the reference for a true SWE value in a boreal biome M. Beaudoin-Galaise & S. Jutras 10.5194/tc-16-3199-2022
- Forcing and evaluating detailed snow cover models with stratigraphy observations L. Viallon-Galinier et al. 10.1016/j.coldregions.2020.103163
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- Comparison of bulk snow density measurements using different methods H. Su et al. 10.1016/j.accre.2024.07.005
- Combining Ground‐Penetrating Radar With Terrestrial LiDAR Scanning to Estimate the Spatial Distribution of Liquid Water Content in Seasonal Snowpacks R. Webb et al. 10.1029/2018WR022680
- Spatiotemporal Variations in Liquid Water Content in a Seasonal Snowpack: Implications for Radar Remote Sensing R. Bonnell et al. 10.3390/rs13214223
- Experimental and model-based investigation of the links between snow bidirectional reflectance and snow microstructure M. Dumont et al. 10.5194/tc-15-3921-2021
- Estimating snow accumulation and ablation with L-band interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) J. Tarricone et al. 10.5194/tc-17-1997-2023
- Water Losses During Technical Snow Production: Results From Field Experiments T. Grünewald & F. Wolfsperger 10.3389/feart.2019.00078
- Review article: Performance assessment of radiation-based field sensors for monitoring the water equivalent of snow cover (SWE) A. Royer et al. 10.5194/tc-15-5079-2021
- Planetary Protection Assessment of Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator (RTG)–Powered Landed Missions to Ocean Worlds: Application to Enceladus M. Neveu et al. 10.1089/ast.2020.2432
- Low Cost and Compact FMCW 24 GHz Radar Applications for Snowpack and Ice Thickness Measurements P. Pomerleau et al. 10.3390/s20143909
- A multiphysical ensemble system of numerical snow modelling M. Lafaysse et al. 10.5194/tc-11-1173-2017
- Verification of the multi-layer SNOWPACK model with different water transport schemes N. Wever et al. 10.5194/tc-9-2271-2015
76 citations as recorded by crossref.
- A Snow Density Dataset for Improving Surface Boundary Conditions in Greenland Ice Sheet Firn Modeling R. Fausto et al. 10.3389/feart.2018.00051
- Spatial and temporal variability in snow density across the Northern Hemisphere W. Zhao et al. 10.1016/j.catena.2023.107445
- Wind tunnel experiments to quantify the effect of aeolian snow transport on the surface snow microstructure B. Walter et al. 10.5194/tc-18-3633-2024
- Bistatic SAR Radar for Long-Term Snow Pack Monitoring J. Eriksrod et al. 10.1109/TGRS.2019.2935781
- Comparing measurements of snow mechanical properties relevant for slab avalanche release B. REUTER et al. 10.1017/jog.2018.93
- On the Birth of Structural and Crystallographic Fabric Signals in Polar Snow: A Case Study From the EastGRIP Snowpack M. Montagnat et al. 10.3389/feart.2020.00365
- Temporal evolution of crack propagation propensity in snow in relation to slab and weak layer properties J. Schweizer et al. 10.5194/tc-10-2637-2016
- Local-scale variability of snow density on Arctic sea ice J. King et al. 10.5194/tc-14-4323-2020
- Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Seasonal Snow Cover in Northeast Greenland from in Situ Observations S. Pedersen et al. 10.1657/AAAR0016-028
- The Impact of Diffusive Water Vapor Transport on Snow Profiles in Deep and Shallow Snow Covers and on Sea Ice M. Jafari et al. 10.3389/feart.2020.00249
- Impact of measured and simulated tundra snowpack properties on heat transfer V. Dutch et al. 10.5194/tc-16-4201-2022
- Comparative Effectiveness of an Artificial Air Pocket Device to Delay Asphyxiation in Supine Individuals Critically Buried in Avalanche Debris G. Strapazzon et al. 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.13376
- Snowpack response to directed gas explosions on level ground S. Simioni et al. 10.1016/j.coldregions.2017.09.012
- Effects of snow properties on humans breathing into an artificial air pocket – an experimental field study G. Strapazzon et al. 10.1038/s41598-017-17960-4
- Spatial-Temporal Variability of the δ<sup>18</sup>O Values and the Snow Cover Structure on the Territory of the Meteorological Observatory of the Lomonosov Moscow State University S. Sokratov et al. 10.31857/S2076673423040154
- Vom Punkt zur Fläche in der Messung des Wasseräquivalents der Schneedecke – Mehrwert von Cosmic-Ray Neutron Sensoren in der regionalen Schneemodellierung P. Schattan et al. 10.1007/s00506-018-0500-x
- Observations and simulations of new snow density in the drifting snow-dominated environment of Antarctica N. Wever et al. 10.1017/jog.2022.102
- Marked decrease in the near-surface snow density retrieved by AMSR-E satellite at Dome C, Antarctica, between 2002 and 2011 N. Champollion et al. 10.5194/tc-13-1215-2019
- Relating regional and point measurements of accumulation in southwest Greenland A. Heilig et al. 10.5194/tc-14-385-2020
- Elemental and water-insoluble organic carbon in Svalbard snow: a synthesis of observations during 2007–2018 C. Zdanowicz et al. 10.5194/acp-21-3035-2021
- The influence of snow microstructure on dual-frequency radar measurements in a tundra environment J. King et al. 10.1016/j.rse.2018.05.028
- Performance of snow density measurement systems in snow stratigraphies J. Hao et al. 10.2166/nh.2021.133
- Hansbreen Snowpit Dataset – over 30-year of detailed snow research on an Arctic glacier M. Laska et al. 10.1038/s41597-022-01767-8
- Environmental controls of winter soil carbon dioxide fluxes in boreal and tundra environments A. Mavrovic et al. 10.5194/bg-20-5087-2023
- Snow Precipitation Measured by Gauges: Systematic Error Estimation and Data Series Correction in the Central Italian Alps G. Grossi et al. 10.3390/w9070461
- Review article: Global monitoring of snow water equivalent using high-frequency radar remote sensing L. Tsang et al. 10.5194/tc-16-3531-2022
- Very old firn air linked to strong density layering at Styx Glacier, coastal Victoria Land, East Antarctica Y. Jang et al. 10.5194/tc-13-2407-2019
- Validating modeled critical crack length for crack propagation in the snow cover model SNOWPACK B. Richter et al. 10.5194/tc-13-3353-2019
- Intercomparison of measurements of bulk snow density and water equivalent of snow cover with snow core samplers: Instrumental bias and variability induced by observers J. López‐Moreno et al. 10.1002/hyp.13785
- Mapping snow density through thermal inertia observations R. Colombo et al. 10.1016/j.rse.2022.113323
- Spatial Variability of Snow Water Equivalent – The Case Study from the Research Site in Khibiny Mountains, Russia A. Komarov et al. 10.2478/johh-2018-0016
- Timing and identification of potential snow avalanche types: a case study of the central Tianshan Mountains J. Hao et al. 10.1007/s10346-021-01766-7
- Accuracy of Manual Snow Sampling, Depending on the Sampler’s Cross-Section—A Comparative Study M. Kaasik et al. 10.3390/geosciences13070205
- A Time Series of Snow Density and Snow Water Equivalent Observations Derived From the Integration of GPR and UAV SfM Observations D. McGrath et al. 10.3389/frsen.2022.886747
- Influence of light-absorbing particles on snow spectral irradiance profiles F. Tuzet et al. 10.5194/tc-13-2169-2019
- The RHOSSA campaign: multi-resolution monitoring of the seasonal evolution of the structure and mechanical stability of an alpine snowpack N. Calonne et al. 10.5194/tc-14-1829-2020
- Deposition of ionic species and black carbon to the Arctic snowpack: combining snow pit observations with modeling H. Jacobi et al. 10.5194/acp-19-10361-2019
- Mass-Budget Anomalies and Geometry Signals of Three Austrian Glaciers C. Charalampidis et al. 10.3389/feart.2018.00218
- Effect of snow microstructure variability on Ku-band radar snow water equivalent retrievals N. Rutter et al. 10.5194/tc-13-3045-2019
- Extrication Times During Avalanche Companion Rescue: A Randomized Single-Blinded Manikin Study B. Wallner et al. 10.1089/ham.2019.0021
- Crack propagation speeds in weak snowpack layers B. Bergfeld et al. 10.1017/jog.2021.118
- Hypoxia and hypercapnia effects on cerebral oxygen saturation in avalanche burial: A pilot human experimental study G. Strapazzon et al. 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.11.023
- Annual Greenland accumulation rates (2009–2012) from airborne snow radar L. Koenig et al. 10.5194/tc-10-1739-2016
- Bayesian calibration of firn densification models V. Verjans et al. 10.5194/tc-14-3017-2020
- Estimating winter balance and its uncertainty from direct measurements of snow depth and density on alpine glaciers A. PULWICKI et al. 10.1017/jog.2018.68
- AI methods application for classifying stratigraphic layers of snow cover with Snow micro pen device D. Frolov et al. 10.1051/bioconf/20248402009
- New northern snowpack classification linked to vegetation cover on a latitudinal mega-transect across northeastern Canada A. Royer et al. 10.1080/11956860.2021.1898775
- Prediction of Actual from Climatic Precipitation with Data Collected from Northern Poland: A Statistical Approach J. Barańczuk et al. 10.3390/s23031159
- A critical analysis on the uncertainty computation in ground-penetrating radar-retrieved dry snow parameters F. Di Paolo et al. 10.1190/geo2019-0683.1
- Using Machine Learning to Classify Stratigraphic Layers of Snow According to the Snow Micro Pen Device D. Frolov et al. 10.7256/2453-8922.2024.1.69404
- Snow Particle Analyzer for Simultaneous Measurements of Snow Density and Morphology J. Li et al. 10.1029/2023JD038987
- European In-Situ Snow Measurements: Practices and Purposes R. Pirazzini et al. 10.3390/s18072016
- Continuous monitoring of snowpack dynamics in alpine terrain by aboveground neutron sensing P. Schattan et al. 10.1002/2016WR020234
- Multi-year evaluation of airborne geodetic surveys to estimate seasonal mass balance, Columbia and Rocky Mountains, Canada B. Pelto et al. 10.5194/tc-13-1709-2019
- Snow Density retrieval using Hybrid polarimetric RISAT-1 datasets S. Awasthi et al. 10.1109/JSTARS.2020.2991156
- Snow Equi‐Temperature Metamorphism Described by a Phase‐Field Model Applicable on Micro‐Tomographic Images: Prediction of Microstructural and Transport Properties L. Bouvet et al. 10.1029/2022MS002998
- The Effects of Dry Snow on the SAR Impulse Response and Feasibility for Single Channel Snow Water Equivalent Estimation J. Eppler & B. Rabus 10.1109/TGRS.2021.3089131
- Time-resolved measurements of the densities of individual frozen hydrometeors and fresh snowfall D. Singh et al. 10.5194/amt-17-4581-2024
- Snow liquid water content measurement using an open-ended coaxial probe (OECP) A. Mavrovic et al. 10.1016/j.coldregions.2019.102958
- Derivation and Evaluation of a New Extinction Coefficient for Use With the n-HUT Snow Emission Model W. Maslanka et al. 10.1109/TGRS.2019.2913208
- Review of compressed snow mechanics: Testing methods M. Shenvi et al. 10.1016/j.jterra.2021.11.006
- Snow Density Retrieval in Quebec Using Space-Borne SMOS Observations X. Gao et al. 10.3390/rs15082065
- Spatio-Temporal Characteristics and Differences in Snow Density between the Tibet Plateau and the Arctic W. Zhao et al. 10.3390/rs15163976
- Comparison of manual snow water equivalent (SWE) measurements: seeking the reference for a true SWE value in a boreal biome M. Beaudoin-Galaise & S. Jutras 10.5194/tc-16-3199-2022
- Forcing and evaluating detailed snow cover models with stratigraphy observations L. Viallon-Galinier et al. 10.1016/j.coldregions.2020.103163
- Modelling firn thickness evolution during the last deglaciation: constraints on sensitivity to temperature and impurities C. Bréant et al. 10.5194/cp-13-833-2017
- Comparison of bulk snow density measurements using different methods H. Su et al. 10.1016/j.accre.2024.07.005
- Combining Ground‐Penetrating Radar With Terrestrial LiDAR Scanning to Estimate the Spatial Distribution of Liquid Water Content in Seasonal Snowpacks R. Webb et al. 10.1029/2018WR022680
- Spatiotemporal Variations in Liquid Water Content in a Seasonal Snowpack: Implications for Radar Remote Sensing R. Bonnell et al. 10.3390/rs13214223
- Experimental and model-based investigation of the links between snow bidirectional reflectance and snow microstructure M. Dumont et al. 10.5194/tc-15-3921-2021
- Estimating snow accumulation and ablation with L-band interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) J. Tarricone et al. 10.5194/tc-17-1997-2023
- Water Losses During Technical Snow Production: Results From Field Experiments T. Grünewald & F. Wolfsperger 10.3389/feart.2019.00078
- Review article: Performance assessment of radiation-based field sensors for monitoring the water equivalent of snow cover (SWE) A. Royer et al. 10.5194/tc-15-5079-2021
- Planetary Protection Assessment of Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator (RTG)–Powered Landed Missions to Ocean Worlds: Application to Enceladus M. Neveu et al. 10.1089/ast.2020.2432
- Low Cost and Compact FMCW 24 GHz Radar Applications for Snowpack and Ice Thickness Measurements P. Pomerleau et al. 10.3390/s20143909
- A multiphysical ensemble system of numerical snow modelling M. Lafaysse et al. 10.5194/tc-11-1173-2017
1 citations as recorded by crossref.
Saved (preprint)
Latest update: 09 Oct 2024
Short summary
Density is a fundamental property of porous media such as snow. During the MicroSnow Davos 2014 workshop, different approaches (box-, wedge- and cylinder-type density cutters, micro-computed tomography) to measure snow density were applied in a controlled laboratory environment and in the field. In general, results suggest that snow densities measured by different methods agree within 9 %. However, the density profiles resolved by the measurement methods differed considerably.
Density is a fundamental property of porous media such as snow. During the MicroSnow Davos 2014...
Special issue