146 citations as recorded by crossref.

1. The European mountain cryosphere: a review of its current state, trends, and future challenges M. Beniston et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-759-2018
2. Firn Core Evidence of Two‐Way Feedback Mechanisms Between Meltwater Infiltration and Firn Microstructure From the Western Percolation Zone of the Greenland Ice Sheet I. McDowell et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JF006752
3. Bulk meltwater flow and liquid water content of snowpacks mapped using the electrical self-potential (SP) method S. Thompson et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-433-2016
4. On recent advances in avalanche research J. Schweizer https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2017.10.014
5. A unified kinematic wave theory for melt infiltration into firn M. Shadab et al. https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2025.10055
6. A comprehensive evaluation of hydrological processes in a second‐generation dynamic vegetation model H. Zhou et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.15152
7. A novel method to visualize liquid distribution in snow: superimposition of MRI and X-ray CT images S. Yamaguchi et al. https://doi.org/10.1017/aog.2023.77
8. Observations of capillary barriers and preferential flow in layered snow during cold laboratory experiments F. Avanzi et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-2013-2016
9. Version 1 of a sea ice module for the physics-based, detailed, multi-layer SNOWPACK model N. Wever et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-99-2020
10. Impact of intercepted and sub-canopy snow microstructure on snowpack response to rain-on-snow events under a boreal canopy B. Bouchard et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-2783-2024
11. Model simulations of the modulating effect of the snow cover in a rain-on-snow event N. Wever et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-4657-2014
12. Two-dimensional liquid water flow through snow at the plot scale in continental snowpacks: simulations and field data comparisons R. Webb et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1423-2021
13. Snow liquid water content measurement using an open-ended coaxial probe (OECP) A. Mavrovic et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2019.102958
14. Simulations of 21st century snow response to climate change in Switzerland from a set of RCMs E. Schmucki et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.4205
15. Aspect controls on the spatial redistribution of snow water equivalence through the lateral flow of liquid water in a subalpine catchment K. Mooney & R. Webb https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-2507-2025
16. A method for solving heat transfer with phase change in ice or soil that allows for large time steps while guaranteeing energy conservation N. Tubini et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-2541-2021
17. Simulating the influence of snow surface processes on soil moisture dynamics and streamflow generation in an alpine catchment N. Wever et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-4053-2017
18. Simulating ice layer formation under the presence of preferential flow in layered snowpacks N. Wever et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-2731-2016
19. Influence of Slope‐Scale Snowmelt on Catchment Response Simulated With the Alpine3D Model T. Brauchli et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017WR021278
20. Firn on ice sheets C. Amory et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-023-00507-9
21. Changing Arctic snow cover: A review of recent developments and assessment of future needs for observations, modelling, and impacts S. Bokhorst et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-016-0770-0
22. A model for French-press experiments of dry snow compaction C. Meyer et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-1449-2020
23. Modeling the influence of hypsometry, vegetation, and storm energy on snowmelt contributions to basins during rain‐on‐snow floods N. Wayand et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014WR016576
24. A local thermal non-equilibrium model for rain-on-snow events T. Heinze https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-2059-2025
25. Toward snowpack runoff decision support A. Heggli et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2022.104240
26. Distributed snow and rock temperature modelling in steep rock walls using Alpine3D A. Haberkorn et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-585-2017
27. Spatially distributed simulations of the effect of snow on mass balance and flooding of Antarctic sea ice N. Wever et al. https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2021.54
28. Exploring how Sentinel-1 wet-snow maps can inform fully distributed physically based snowpack models B. Cluzet et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-5753-2024
29. Scaling Precipitation Input to Spatially Distributed Hydrological Models by Measured Snow Distribution C. Vögeli et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2016.00108
30. Simulation of Snow Mass Movement on the Roof of Cylindrical Shells A. Siyanov https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/1079/2/022039
31. Meltwater percolation, impermeable layer formation and runoff buffering on Devon Ice Cap, Canada D. Ashmore et al. https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2019.80
32. From the Swiss Alps to the Pyrenees: Evaluating the transferability of machine learning models for avalanche forecasting C. Pérez-Guillén et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2026.104884
33. Modeling the snow surface temperature with a one-layer energy balance snowmelt model J. You et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-5061-2014
34. The Presence of Hydraulic Barriers in Layered Snowpacks: TOUGH2 Simulations and Estimated Diversion Lengths R. Webb et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11242-018-1079-1
35. Snowpack-stored atmospheric surface-active contaminants traced with snowmelt water surface film rheology S. Pogorzelski et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10874-1
36. Assessing the degree of detail of temperature-based snow routines for runoff modelling in mountainous areas in central Europe M. Girons Lopez et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4441-2020
37. Spatiotemporal variability of turbulent fluxes in snow-covered mountain terrain R. Engbers et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2025.1640842
38. Quantifying Antarctic‐Wide Ice‐Shelf Surface Melt Volume Using Microwave and Firn Model Data: 1980 to 2021 A. Banwell et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL102744
39. 57 years (1960–2017) of snow and meteorological observations from a mid-altitude mountain site (Col de Porte, France, 1325 m of altitude) Y. Lejeune et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-71-2019
40. Deep ice layer formation in an alpine snowpack: monitoring and modeling L. Quéno et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3449-2020
41. Boundary interface water infiltration into layered soils using dual reciprocity methods I. Solekhudin https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enganabound.2020.07.025
42. Greenland's firn responds more to warming than to cooling M. Thompson-Munson et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-3333-2024
43. L-band radiometric measurement of liquid water in Greenland’s firn: Comparative analysis with in situ measurements and modeling T. Moon et al. https://doi.org/10.1017/aog.2025.10012
44. A multilayer physically based snowpack model simulating direct and indirect radiative impacts of light-absorbing impurities in snow F. Tuzet et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-2633-2017
45. Hydrological response of two high altitude Swiss catchments to energy balance and temperature index melt schemes A. Shakoor et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polar.2018.06.007
46. Dissolved Organic Carbon Mobilization Across a Climate Transect of Mesic Boreal Forests Is Explained by Air Temperature and Snowpack Duration K. Bowering et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-022-00741-0
47. Representing spatial variability of forest snow: Implementation of a new interception model D. Moeser et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR017961
48. Ice Sheet Surface and Subsurface Melt Water Discrimination Using Multi‐Frequency Microwave Radiometry A. Colliander et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL096599
49. Drivers of spatiotemporal patterns of surface water inputs in a catchment at the rain-snow transition zone of the water-limited western United States K. Hale et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.128699
50. A two-layer canopy model with thermal inertia for an improved snowpack energy balance below needleleaf forest (model SNOWPACK, version 3.2.1, revision 741) I. Gouttevin et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-2379-2015
51. Runoff from Greenland's firn area – why do MODIS, RCMs and a firn model disagree? H. Machguth et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-427-2026
52. Measurement of unsaturated meltwater percolation flux in seasonal snowpack using self-potential W. Clayton https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2021.67
53. Estimating Non-Conductive Heat Flow Leading to Intra-Permafrost Talik Formation at the Ritigraben Rock Glacier (Western Swiss Alps) R. Luethi et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.1911
54. Elements of future snowpack modeling – Part 1: A physical instability arising from the nonlinear coupling of transport and phase changes K. Schürholt et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-903-2022
55. Evaluating snow models with varying process representations for hydrological applications J. Magnusson et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014WR016498
56. Snow cover prediction in the Italian central Apennines using weather forecast and land surface numerical models E. Raparelli et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-519-2023
57. Evaluating precipitation corrections to enhance high-alpine hydrological modeling T. Pulka et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132202
58. A multiphysical ensemble system of numerical snow modelling M. Lafaysse et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-1173-2017
59. Automated prediction of wet-snow avalanche activity in the Swiss Alps M. Hendrick et al. https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2023.24
60. StreamFlow 1.0: an extension to the spatially distributed snow model Alpine3D for hydrological modelling and deterministic stream temperature prediction A. Gallice et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-4491-2016
61. Rainwater propagation through snowpack during rain-on-snow sprinkling experiments under different snow conditions R. Juras et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-4973-2017
62. Forcing and evaluating detailed snow cover models with stratigraphy observations L. Viallon-Galinier et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2020.103163
63. Time‐Domain Reflectometry Measurements and Modeling of Firn Meltwater Infiltration at DYE‐2, Greenland S. Samimi et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JF006295
64. Analysis of snowpack dynamics during the spring melt season for a sub‐alpine site using point measurements and numerical modeling M. Pleasants et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.11379
65. Depth of Liquid Water Infiltration in Greenland Firn Based on L-Band Radiometry, a Snow Physics Model, and Machine Learning T. Moon et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2026.3669024
66. Combining Ground‐Penetrating Radar With Terrestrial LiDAR Scanning to Estimate the Spatial Distribution of Liquid Water Content in Seasonal Snowpacks R. Webb et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018WR022680
67. The Impact of Diffusive Water Vapor Transport on Snow Profiles in Deep and Shallow Snow Covers and on Sea Ice M. Jafari et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.00249
68. Firn Meltwater Retention on the Greenland Ice Sheet: A Model Comparison C. Steger et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2017.00003
69. Numerical snowpack model simulation schemes for avalanche prediction in Japan H. HIRASHIMA https://doi.org/10.5331/bgr.18SW02
70. Modelling capillary hysteresis effects on preferential flow through melting and cold layered snowpacks N. Leroux & J. Pomeroy https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2017.06.024
71. Investigation into percolation and liquid water content in a multi-layered snow model for wet snow instabilities in Glacier National Park, Canada J. Madore et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.898980
72. Changes in Climatology, Snow Cover, and Ground Temperatures at High Alpine Locations E. Bender et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.00100
73. Towards the development of an automated electrical self-potential sensor of melt and rainwater flow in snow A. Priestley et al. https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2021.128
74. Investigation on temperature distribution in cold region tunnels during the excavation and optimization for insulating layers S. XU et al. https://doi.org/10.1299/jtst.25-00292
75. How does a warm and low-snow winter impact the snow cover dynamics in a humid and discontinuous boreal forest? Insights from observations and modeling in eastern Canada B. Bouchard et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2745-2024
76. Coupled Snow Cover and Avalanche Dynamics Simulations to Evaluate Wet Snow Avalanche Activity N. Wever et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2017JF004515
77. Elements of future snowpack modeling – Part 2: A modular and extendable Eulerian–Lagrangian numerical scheme for coupled transport, phase changes and settling processes A. Simson et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5423-2021
78. Explicit representation of liquid water retention over bare ice using the SURFEX/ISBA-Crocus model: implications for mass balance at Mera glacier (Nepal) A. Goutard et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-2393-2026
79. Modelling cold firn evolution at Colle Gnifetti, Swiss/Italian Alps M. Gastaldello et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-2983-2025
80. Snowpack characteristics on steep frozen rock slopes M. Phillips et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2017.05.010
81. Hydrologic connectivity at the hillslope scale through intra‐snowpack flow paths during snowmelt R. Webb et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.13686
82. Drivers of Firn Density on the Greenland Ice Sheet Revealed by Weather Station Observations and Modeling B. Vandecrux et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2017JF004597
83. Effect of snowfall on changes in relative seismic velocity measured by ambient noise correlation A. Guillemot et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5805-2021
84. Seasonal and diurnal cycles of liquid water in snow—Measurements and modeling A. Heilig et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JF003593
85. Quantifying the Surface Energy Fluxes in South Greenland during the 2012 High Melt Episodes Using In-situ Observations R. Fausto et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2016.00082
86. Introducing CRYOWRF v1.0: multiscale atmospheric flow simulations with advanced snow cover modelling V. Sharma et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-719-2023
87. Extending the vadose zone: Characterizing the role of snow for liquid water storage and transmission in streamflow generation R. Webb et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.14541
88. Snow and frost: implications for spatiotemporal infiltration patterns – a review A. Lundberg et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10703
89. A random forest model to assess snow instability from simulated snow stratigraphy S. Mayer et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-4593-2022
90. Snow Multidata Mapping and Modeling (S3M) 5.1: a distributed cryospheric model with dry and wet snow, data assimilation, glacier mass balance, and debris-driven melt F. Avanzi et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-4853-2022
91. How well is firn densification represented by a physically based multilayer model? Model evaluation for Devon Ice Cap, Nunavut, Canada G. Gascon et al. https://doi.org/10.3189/2014JoG13J209
92. Snow model comparison to simulate snow depth evolution and sublimation at point scale in the semi-arid Andes of Chile A. Voordendag et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4241-2021
93. Improving physically based snow simulations by assimilating snow depths using the particle filter J. Magnusson et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016WR019092
94. Resolving Small‐Scale Forest Snow Patterns Using an Energy Balance Snow Model With a One‐Layer Canopy G. Mazzotti et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019WR026129
95. Unlocking the potential of melting calorimetry: a field protocol for liquid water content measurement in snow R. Barella et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-5323-2024
96. Modelling liquid water transport in snow under rain-on-snow conditions – considering preferential flow S. Würzer et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-1741-2017
97. Future water temperature of rivers in Switzerland under climate change investigated with physics-based models A. Michel et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1063-2022
98. Assessing wet snow avalanche activity using detailed physics based snowpack simulations N. Wever et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL068428
99. The RHOSSA campaign: multi-resolution monitoring of the seasonal evolution of the structure and mechanical stability of an alpine snowpack N. Calonne et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-1829-2020
100. A Thermodynamic Nonequilibrium Model for Preferential Infiltration and Refreezing of Melt in Snow A. Moure et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022WR034035
101. Development of physically based liquid water schemes for Greenland firn-densification models V. Verjans et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-1819-2019
102. Assessment of thermal stabilization measures based on numerical simulations at a Swiss alpine permafrost site E. Sharaborova et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-4277-2025
103. Scale‐dependent effects of solar radiation patterns on the snow‐dominated hydrologic response F. Comola et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL064075
104. Simulation of Preferential Flow in Snow With a 2‐D Non‐Equilibrium Richards Model and Evaluation Against Laboratory Data N. Leroux et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020WR027466
105. A processing–modeling routine to use SNOTEL hourly data in snowpack dynamic models F. Avanzi et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2014.06.011
106. Snow and avalanche research: A journey across scales J. Schweizer https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2014.09.011
107. A factorial snowpack model (FSM 1.0) R. Essery https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-3867-2015
108. Rain-on-snow roof surcharge load: A review of recent collapses, design standards, current research, and challenges D. Bajracharya & Q. Zhang https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104432
109. Modelling the long-term mass balance and firn evolution of glaciers around Kongsfjorden, Svalbard W. Pelt & J. Kohler https://doi.org/10.3189/2015JoG14J223
110. Thermal regime of rock and its relation to snow cover in steep alpine rock walls: gemsstock, central swiss alps A. Haberkorn et al. https://doi.org/10.1111/geoa.12101
111. Bulk volumetric liquid water content in a seasonal snowpack: modeling its dynamics in different climatic conditions F. Avanzi et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2015.09.021
112. The modelled liquid water balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet C. Steger et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-2507-2017
113. A model study of the response of dry and wet firn to climate change P. Munneke et al. https://doi.org/10.3189/2015AoG70A994
114. Evaluation of Sub-Kilometric Numerical Simulations of C-Band Radar Backscatter over the French Alps against Sentinel-1 Observations G. Veyssière et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11010008
115. Numerical simulation of seasonal snow in Tianshan Mountains Y. Ren et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-020-6118-y
116. Wet‐Snow Metamorphism Drives the Transition From Preferential to Matrix Flow in Snow H. Hirashima et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL084152
117. Forecasting and modelling ice layer formation on the snowpack due to freezing precipitation in the Pyrenees L. Quéno et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2017.11.007
118. COSIPY v1.3 – an open-source coupled snowpack and ice surface energy and mass balance model T. Sauter et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-5645-2020
119. Contrasting regional variability of buried meltwater extent over 2 years across the Greenland Ice Sheet D. Dunmire et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-2983-2021
120. An analytical test case for snow models M. Clark et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016WR019672
121. Early formation of preferential flow in a homogeneous snowpack observed by micro‐CT F. Avanzi et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016WR019502
122. Influence of Initial Snowpack Properties on Runoff Formation during Rain-on-Snow Events S. Würzer et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-15-0181.1
123. Review of Modelingfor Liquid Water Movement in the Snowpack H. HIRASHIMA & T. KATUSHIMA https://doi.org/10.5331/seppyo.79.6_483
124. Use of Sentinel-1 radar observations to evaluate snowmelt dynamics in alpine regions C. Marin et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-935-2020
125. Implementation of a physically based water percolation routine in the Crocus/SURFEX (V7.3) snowpack model C. D'Amboise et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-3547-2017
126. Data-driven automated predictions of the avalanche danger level for dry-snow conditions in Switzerland C. Pérez-Guillén et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-2031-2022
127. The role of the cryosphere for runoff in a highly glacierised alpine catchment, an approach with a coupled model and in situ data A. Lambrecht & C. Mayer https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2024.48
128. Ballasting by cryogenic gypsum enhances carbon export in a Phaeocystis under-ice bloom J. Wollenburg et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-26016-0
129. Fingerprints of Frontal Passages and Post‐Depositional Effects in the Stable Water Isotope Signal of Seasonal Alpine Snow F. Aemisegger et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD037469
130. Using machine learning for real-time estimates of snow water equivalent in the watersheds of Afghanistan E. Bair et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1579-2018
131. GEODAR Data and the Flow Regimes of Snow Avalanches A. Köhler et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JF004375
132. A multi-dimensional water transport model to reproduce preferential flow in the snowpack H. Hirashima et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2014.09.004
133. Model complexity and data requirements in snow hydrology: seeking a balance in practical applications F. Avanzi et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10782
134. Insights Into Preferential Flow Snowpack Runoff Using Random Forest F. Avanzi et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019WR024828
135. Modelling wet snow avalanche runout to assess road safety at a high-altitude mine in the central Andes C. Vera Valero et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-2303-2016
136. Simulating liquid water distribution at the pore scale in snow: water retention curves and effective transport properties L. Bouvet et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-2923-2026
137. Present and future variations in Antarctic firn air content S. Ligtenberg et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-1711-2014
138. The Spatial and Temporal Variability of Meltwater Flow Paths: Insights From a Grid of Over 100 Snow Lysimeters R. Webb et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017WR020866
139. Verification of the multi-layer SNOWPACK model with different water transport schemes N. Wever et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-2271-2015
140. Experimental measurements for improved understanding and simulation of snowmelt events in the Western Tatra Mountains P. Krajčí et al. https://doi.org/10.1515/johh-2016-0038
141. Quantification of capillary rise dynamics in snow using neutron radiography M. Lombardo et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-4437-2025
142. Liquid water infiltration into a layered snowpack: evaluation of a 3-D water transport model with laboratory experiments H. Hirashima et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-5503-2017
143. Modeling the influence of snow cover temperature and water content on wet-snow avalanche runout C. Vera Valero et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-869-2018
144. Application of physical snowpack models in support of operational avalanche hazard forecasting: A status report on current implementations and prospects for the future S. Morin et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2019.102910
145. Numerical strategies for representing Richards' equation and its couplings in snowpack models K. Fourteau et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-3193-2026
146. A continuum model for meltwater flow through compacting snow C. Meyer & I. Hewitt https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-2799-2017