538 citations as recorded by crossref.

1. A Review on Small Modular Reactors for Energy Transition in Northern Canada: Some Geotechnical Considerations in the Context of Climate Change M. Afsharipour et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-024-02915-0
2. Climate trends in northern Ontario and Québec from borehole temperature profiles C. Pickler et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-2215-2016
3. Downscaling of ERA-Interim Temperature in the Contiguous United States and Its Implications for Rain–Snow Partitioning G. Tang et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-18-0041.1
4. INSPIRE standards as a framework for artificial intelligence applications: a landslide example G. Roberti et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-3455-2020
5. Nitrous oxide emissions from permafrost-affected soils C. Voigt et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-020-0063-9
6. Climate Warming Impact on Permafrost in Alaska and the Western Arctic of Canada and Arctic Infrastructure T. Gan et al. https://doi.org/10.1061/JHYEFF.HEENG-6485
7. Multi-source global wetland maps combining surface water imagery and groundwater constraints A. Tootchi et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-189-2019
8. Event Reconstruction and Hydroclimatic–Cryospheric Context of the 2018 Badswat Debris Flow–River Blockage, Pakistan M. Khattak et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/w18192440
9. How temperature seasonality drives interglacial permafrost dynamics: implications for paleo reconstructions and future thaw trajectories J. Nitzbon et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-22-377-2026
10. The contribution of changing surface thermodynamics on twentieth and twenty-first century air temperatures over Eurasian permafrost D. Vecellio & O. Frauenfeld https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-021-05747-3
11. Augmenting daily MODIS LST with AIRS surface temperature retrievals to estimate ground temperature and permafrost extent in High Mountain Asia K. Kim et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2024.114075
12. Chapter 5 Periglacial and permafrost ground models for Great Britain J. Murton & C. Ballantyne https://doi.org/10.1144/EGSP28.5
13. Northern Hemisphere surface freeze–thaw product from Aquarius L-band radiometers M. Prince et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-2055-2018
14. Global hydro-environmental sub-basin and river reach characteristics at high spatial resolution S. Linke et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-019-0300-6
15. Investigating Arctic Permafrost Dynamics Using Electrical Resistivity Imaging and Borehole Measurement in Svalbard D. Lin et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16192707
16. Ultrahigh resolution dissolved organic matter characterization reveals distinct permafrost characteristics on the Peel Plateau, Canada M. Moore et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-023-01101-3
17. Evaluation of MERRA-2 land surface temperature dataset and its application in permafrost mapping over China A. Wen et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2022.106373
18. Pore-scale semi-analytical model for evaluating the effective thermal conductivity of frozen soil X. Zang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.128313
19. Large-area land surface simulations in heterogeneous terrain driven by global data sets: application to mountain permafrost J. Fiddes et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-411-2015
20. Investigation of slope instabilities in NW Bhutan as derived from systematic DInSAR analyses B. Dini et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2019.04.008
21. Soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics during the thermokarst lake succession under climate change on the Tibetan Plateau Y. Deng et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2026.135940
22. A New Mitigation Measure to Counter Thermal Instability of Air‐Cooled Embankment in Sandy Permafrost Zones of Tibet Plateau M. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5548638
23. GIS‐based Maps and Area Estimates of Northern Hemisphere Permafrost Extent during the Last Glacial Maximum A. Lindgren et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.1851
24. Attribution of climate and anthropogenic controls on terrestrial water storage changes in the cold and arid regions of the Indus River Basin M. Adnan et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2026.104117
25. Assessment of rock glaciers and permafrost distribution in Uttarakhand, India P. Baral et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.2008
26. A review of carbon monitoring in wet carbon systems using remote sensing A. Campbell et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac4d4d
27. Extension of Tian Shan along a nascent shear zone Q. Ou et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-74965-2
28. Global riverine flood risk – how do hydrogeomorphic floodplain maps compare to flood hazard maps? S. Lindersson et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-2921-2021
29. Multi-scale water balance analysis of a thawing boreal peatland complex near the southern permafrost limit in northwestern Canada A. Lhosmot et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-4871-2025
30. Northern-high-latitude permafrost and terrestrial carbon response to two solar geoengineering scenarios Y. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-14-55-2023
31. New Remote Sensing Data on the Potential Presence of Permafrost in the Deosai Plateau in the Himalayan Portion of Pakistan M. Melis et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15071800
32. Increasing risks related to landslides from degrading permafrost into new lakes in de-glaciating mountain ranges W. Haeberli et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.02.009
33. Surge-type Uisu glacier and its undisturbed forefield relief, Eastern Pamir, Tajikistan B. Gądek et al. https://doi.org/10.2478/mgrsd-2022-0009
34. Rock slide–debris avalanches: flow transformation and hummock formation, examples from British Columbia A. Dufresne & M. Geertsema https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-019-01280-x
35. Water Migration and Segregated Ice Formation in Frozen Ground: Current Advances and Future Perspectives Z. Fu et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.826961
36. Considerations toward a vision and strategy for permafrost knowledge in Canada S. Gruber et al. https://doi.org/10.1139/as-2023-0016
37. Climate warming over 1961–2019 and impacts on permafrost zonation in Northeast China X. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-021-01403-y
38. Elevation correction of ERA-Interim temperature data in complex terrain L. Gao et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-4661-2012
39. A geostatistical framework for predicting variations in strontium concentrations and isotope ratios in Alaskan rivers C. Bataille et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2014.08.030
40. Rock glaciers in the Gangdise Mountains, southern Tibetan Plateau: Morphology and controlling factors Q. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2022.106561
41. Warming Permafrost in the Western Alps: A Further Evidence of Elevation Dependent Warming? P. Pogliotti et al. https://doi.org/10.4000/rga.11784
42. Permafrost is warming at a global scale B. Biskaborn et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-08240-4
43. Organic Carbon Pools and Genesis of Alpine Soils with Permafrost: A Review J. Bockheim & J. Munroe https://doi.org/10.1657/1938-4246-46.4.987
44. Transfert des connaissances sur la cryosphère entre les montagnes au niveau mondial : Une étude de cas des montagnes de l’Ouest canadien, des Alpes européennes et des Scandes. E. Stewart-Jones & S. Gruber https://doi.org/10.4000/rga.12224
45. Circumpolar permafrost maps and geohazard indices for near-future infrastructure risk assessments O. Karjalainen et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2019.37
46. Socioecological dynamics of diverse global permafrost-agroecosystems under environmental change M. Ward Jones et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/15230430.2024.2356067
47. Spatiotemporal Distribution Characteristics of Fire Scars Further Prove the Correlation between Permafrost Swamp Wildfires and Methane Geological Emissions W. Shan et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142214947
48. A review of evolving remote sensing and automated techniques in rock glacier mapping S. Tamang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2026.105473
49. Glacier calving and moraine collapse triggered the glacial lake outburst flood in South Lhonak Lake, Indian Himalaya R. S N et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ae1936
50. REDCAPP (v1.0): parameterizing valley inversions in air temperature data downscaled from reanalyses B. Cao et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-2905-2017
51. Deciphering interseismic strain accumulation and its termination on the central-eastern Altyn Tagh fault from high-resolution velocity fields D. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2024.118919
52. An enhanced model of the contemporary and long‐term (200 ka) sublimation of the massive subsurface ice in Beacon Valley, Antarctica L. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JF003415
53. Mapping Freezing and Thawing Surface State Periods With the CYGNSS Based F/T Seasonal Threshold Algorithm H. Carreno-Luengo & C. Ruf https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2022.3216463
54. Distribution and relevance of aufeis (icing) in the Upper Indus Basin D. Brombierstäudl et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146604
55. Permafrost occurrence at Mt. Sashirui, Shiretoko mountain range, eastern Hokkaido, Japan H. OHNO et al. https://doi.org/10.5331/bgr.24R05
56. Tracing hotspots of soil erosion in high mountain environments: how forensic science based on plant eDNA can lead the way. An opinion A. Frankl et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-021-05261-9
57. Brief communication: Evaluation and inter-comparisons of Qinghai–Tibet Plateau permafrost maps based on a new inventory of field evidence B. Cao et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-511-2019
58. Projections of surface air temperature required to sustain permafrost and importance of adaptation to climate change in the Daisetsu Mountains, Japan T. Yokohata et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-94222-4
59. The Combination of Wildfire and Changing Climate Triggers Permafrost Degradation in the Khentii Mountains, Northern Mongolia M. Munkhjargal et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11020155
60. Northern Hemisphere permafrost map based on TTOP modelling for 2000–2016 at 1 km2 scale J. Obu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.04.023
61. Spatiotemporal dynamics of global rain-fed groundwater recharge from 2001 to 2020 S. Nazari et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132490
62. Detection and reconstruction of rock glacier kinematics over 24 years (2000–2024) from Landsat imagery D. Cusicanqui et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-2559-2025
63. Compositional shifts and co-occurrence patterns of topsoil bacteria and micro-eukaryotes across a permafrost thaw gradient in alpine meadows of the Qilian Mountains, China Z. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.01955-24
64. Global hydro-environmental lake characteristics at high spatial resolution B. Lehner et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01425-z
65. Tundra Underlain By Thawing Permafrost Persistently Emits Carbon to the Atmosphere Over 15 Years of Measurements E. Schuur et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JG006044
66. Modeling Average Daily Runoff Time Series of Russia’s Small and Medium Rivers Using Recurrent Neural Networks D. Abramov et al. https://doi.org/10.3103/S1068373926030027
67. Development of proglacial lakes and evaluation of related outburst susceptibility at the Adygine ice-debris complex, northern Tien Shan K. Falatkova et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-301-2019
68. Potential One Health risk of downwind exposure to airborne pathogens from thawing Siberian permafrost D. Martinetti et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ae4819
69. The influence of permafrost processes and paludification on landscapes in mountain settings of the Upper Kolyma basin (Western Beringia) A. Lozhkin & P. Anderson https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2021.12.011
70. The role of root zone soil moisture return on vegetation green-up: A comparison of two degrading permafrost sites H. Zhao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167049
71. The distribution and hydrological significance of intact rock glaciers in the north-west Himalaya P. Chakravarti et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/04353676.2022.2120262
72. Biennial analysis of probable permafrost distribution for Kullu district, North‐west Himalaya using Landsat 8 satellite data I. Pradhan & D. Shukla https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.4921
73. Seasonal variations of nitrogen in permafrost-affected soils of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau M. Xie et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2020.104793
74. Bacterial abundance and soil formation in a high-altitude cryospheric ecosystem: insights from a temporary lake in the Ojos del Salado region, Chile A. García Piña et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2026.1766375
75. Portable, in situ electrochemical platform resolves spatial and temporal variability in glacial, saline and geothermal environments M. Nazarious et al. https://doi.org/10.1039/D6EW00769D
76. Non-temperature environmental drivers modulate warming-induced 21st-century permafrost degradation on the Tibetan Plateau Z. Fu et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-63032-x
77. A first estimate of permafrost distribution from BTS measurements in the Romanian Carpathians (Retezat Mountains) A. Ardelean et al. https://doi.org/10.4000/geomorphologie.11131
78. Development of Temperature-Controlled Direct Shear Box H. Emami Ahari & B. Ajmera https://doi.org/10.1520/JTE20220574
79. İklim Değişikliğinin Kronolojik Analizi ve Nükleer Enerjiye Bir Bakış N. GÜNAY & S. HACIYAKUPOĞLU https://doi.org/10.21324/dacd.1205329
80. Climate warming and permafrost dynamics in the Antarctic Peninsula region J. Bockheim et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2012.10.018
81. Failure of Marmolada Glacier (Dolomites, Italy) in 2022: data-based back analysis of possible collapse mechanisms R. Francese et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-3027-2025
82. δHT4P: A differentiable physical modeling framework for thermal evolution of permafrost L. Gou & W. Likos https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2026.108132
83. Interrelations between relief, vegetation, disturbances, and permafrost in the forest‐steppe of central Mongolia M. Klinge et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.5116
84. Active Layer Thickness Variation on the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau: Historical and Projected Trends X. Xu & Q. Wu https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD034841
85. Statistical Forecasting of Current and Future Circum‐Arctic Ground Temperatures and Active Layer Thickness J. Aalto et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL078007
86. Extensive land cover change across Arctic–Boreal Northwestern North America from disturbance and climate forcing J. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14804
87. Application of refraction seismics in alpine permafrost studies: A review D. Draebing https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.02.006
88. Thaw hazards along major transportation corridors in the northern Da Xing'anling Mountains in Northeast China H. Jin et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2026.108962
89. Permafrost destabilization induced hazard mapping in Himalayas using machine learning methods A. Pandey et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2025.01.063
90. Combining facts and physics-based concepts with objective treatment of landsystem relations for documenting viscous flow features (rock glaciers) in mountain permafrost: examples from Nuristan/Hindu Kush, Galena Creek (Absaroka Mountains) and Gruben (Swiss Alps) W. Haeberli et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/04353676.2025.2452760
91. Circumpolar patterns of potential mean annual ground temperature based on surface state obtained from microwave satellite data C. Kroisleitner et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-2349-2018
92. Diagnostic and model dependent uncertainty of simulated Tibetan permafrost area W. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-287-2016
93. Measurements of gas permeability and gas fraction in thawing permafrost: permafrost climate feedback implications P. Glover et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ae7a98
94. Increased vulnerability of Arctic potential ice roads under climate change Y. Dong et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02011-y
95. Global evidence that cold rocky landforms support icy springs in warming mountains S. Brighenti et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/adf07f
96. Small-Baseline Approach for Monitoring the Freezing and Thawing Deformation of Permafrost on the Beiluhe Basin, Tibetan Plateau Using TerraSAR-X and Sentinel-1 Data J. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20164464
97. Combining sparse observations and reanalysis data for refining spatiotemporal variability in near‐surface air temperature lapse rates over China H. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.7226
98. Inferring permafrost distribution over Jammu and Kashmir Himalaya through remotely sensed land surface temperature products between 2002 and 2023: Implications for permafrost degradation-related hazards I. Bhat et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsase.2025.101483
99. Numerical modelling of thermal stability for a water retaining wall in permafrost regions H. Jiang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsep.2022.101494
100. LiDAR remote sensing of the cryosphere: Present applications and future prospects A. Bhardwaj et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2016.02.031
101. Enhancing mountainous permafrost mapping by leveraging a rock glacier inventory in northeastern Tibetan Plateau Z. Hu et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2024.2304077
102. Experimental Study on Thermal Insulation Effect of the Buried Oil-Gas Pipelines in Permafrost Regions D. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4226077
103. Rock glacier distribution and kinematics in Shigar and Shayok basins based on radar and optical remote sensing J. Hassan et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.5820
104. Degrading permafrost and its impacts H. Jin et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2021.01.007
105. Field Observations of Near-Surface Wind Flow Across Expressway Embankment on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau Y. Mu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2021.10.020
106. Permafrost distribution, degradation, and potential mass movement cascades in the western Himalaya using machine learning and numerical models A. Alangadan & A. Sattar https://doi.org/10.1038/s44304-026-00217-4
107. Ecosystem and soil respiration radiocarbon detects old carbon release as a fingerprint of warming and permafrost destabilization with climate change E. Schuur et al. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2022.0201
108. Assessment of the spatial extent of permafrost in the Upper Indus Basin (UIB) W. Hassan et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-023-7985-x
109. A Long-Term, 1-km Resolution Daily Meteorological Dataset for Modeling and Mapping Permafrost in Canada Y. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11121363
110. Hydrological connections in a glaciated Andean catchment under permafrost conditions (33°S) S. Pereira et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2022.101311
111. Susceptibility assessment for glacier hazards in the Volcán catchment, Central Andes of Chile F. Ugalde & S. Sepúlveda https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105581
112. Roles of Thermokarst Lakes in a Warming World M. in 't Zandt et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2020.04.002
113. Data-driven mapping of the spatial distribution and potential changes of frozen ground over the Tibetan Plateau T. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.369
114. The global volume and distribution of modern groundwater T. Gleeson et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2590
115. Modelling present and future rock wall permafrost distribution in the Sisimiut mountain area, West Greenland M. Marcer et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-1753-2024
116. Distinguishing ice-rich and ice-poor permafrost to map ground temperatures and ground ice occurrence in the Swiss Alps R. Kenner et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-1925-2019
117. A 36-Year Record of Rock Avalanches in the Saint Elias Mountains of Alaska, With Implications for Future Hazards E. Bessette-Kirton & J. Coe https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.00293
118. Abiotic factors affecting the bacterial and fungal diversity of permafrost in a rock glacier in the Stelvio Pass (Italian Central Alps) C. Sannino et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2021.104079
119. InSAR-Derived Surface-Deformation-Constrained Machine Learning for Permafrost Occurrence Probability Mapping in the Eastern Kunlun Mountains T. Wu et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs18193408
120. Increasing rock-avalanche size and mobility in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, Alaska detected from 1984 to 2016 Landsat imagery J. Coe et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-017-0879-7
121. Using an observation-based map of permafrost extent to inform permafrost predictions in a large Alaskan watershed R. Alter et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2026.105145
122. Current state and past changes in frozen ground at the Third Pole: A research synthesis Y. Ran et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2022.09.004
123. A massive rock and ice avalanche caused the 2021 disaster at Chamoli, Indian Himalaya D. Shugar et al. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abh4455
124. Recent advances in the study of active layer thermal regime and seasonal frost dynamics in cold climate environments M. Oliva et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2016.08.030
125. What drives large-scale glacier detachments? Insights from Flat Creek glacier, St. Elias Mountains, Alaska M. Jacquemart et al. https://doi.org/10.1130/G47211.1
126. On the Spin‐Up Strategy for Spatial Modeling of Permafrost Dynamics: A Case Study on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau H. Ji et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021MS002750
127. A consolidated database of mercury observations for permafrost regions C. Olson et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-4509-2026
128. Geomorphic Process Chains in High‐Mountain Regions—A Review and Classification Approach for Natural Hazards Assessment P. Mani et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022RG000791
129. Alpine periglacial zones in Anatolia: spatial distribution and main characteristics M. Öztürk & E. Taşoğlu https://doi.org/10.1007/s42990-024-00115-9
130. Observations on the May 2019 Joffre Peak landslides, British Columbia P. Friele et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-019-01332-2
131. Permafrost Degradation and Concomitant Hydrological Changes Dominated by Anthropogenic Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau P. Fang et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL113679
132. Development of a global 5 arcmin groundwater model (H08-GMv1.0): model setup and steady-state simulation Q. He et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-9653-2025
133. A Review of the Current State and Recent Changes of the Andean Cryosphere M. Masiokas et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.00099
134. Improving permafrost physics in the coupled Canadian Land Surface Scheme (v.3.6.2) and Canadian Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (v.2.1) (CLASS-CTEM) J. Melton et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-4443-2019
135. Global Gust Climate Evaluation and Its Influence on Wind Turbines C. Jung et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/en10101474
136. Pedogenesis, permafrost, substrate and topography: Plot and landscape scale interrelations of weathering processes on the central-eastern Tibetan Plateau F. Baumann et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2014.02.019
137. Study of permafrost distribution in Sikkim Himalayas using Sentinel-2 satellite images and logistic regression modelling M. Haq & P. Baral https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2019.02.024
138. The Boreal–Arctic Wetland and Lake Dataset (BAWLD) D. Olefeldt et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5127-2021
139. Aquatic biomass is a major source to particulate organic matter export in large Arctic rivers M. Behnke et al. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2209883120
140. A new 2010 permafrost distribution map over the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau based on subregion survey maps: a benchmark for regional permafrost modeling Z. Cao et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3905-2023
141. Hydration reaction and strength development of calcium sulfoaluminate cement-based mortar cured at cold temperatures G. Huang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.07.085
142. Spatiotemporal variations in frozen ground and their impacts on hydrological components in the source region of the Yangtze River R. Shi et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125237
143. Knowledge-integrated deep learning for predicting stochastic thermal regime of embankment in permafrost region L. Xiao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2024.05.005
144. TopoSCALE v.1.0: downscaling gridded climate data in complex terrain J. Fiddes & S. Gruber https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-387-2014
145. Environmental conditions for alternative tree-cover states in high latitudes B. Abis & V. Brovkin https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-511-2017
146. Review: Impacts of permafrost degradation on inorganic chemistry of surface fresh water N. Colombo et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2017.11.017
147. A multi-inventory study of regional- and local-scale controls on earthquake- and rainfall-induced landslides in the Himalaya A. Valagussa et al. https://doi.org/10.1130/B38719.1
148. The global change and response special project: using remote sensing data to monitor and invert key components in the cryosphere A. Zhao et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/27669645.2023.2227488
149. Large landslides cluster at the margin of a deglaciated mountain belt T. Pánek et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-09357-9
150. Evaluating permafrost physics in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6) models and their sensitivity to climate change E. Burke et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3155-2020
151. The European mountain cryosphere: a review of its current state, trends, and future challenges M. Beniston et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-759-2018
152. A granular thermodynamic model for unsaturated frozen soil considering water–ice phase transition B. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-026-05275-6
153. Aqueous habitats and carbon inputs shape the microscale geography and interaction ranges of soil bacteria S. Bickel & D. Or https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-023-04703-7
154. Risk assessment of potential impact of mining development (linear infrastructure) on peatland ecosystems in the Ring of Fire region, Northern Ontario A. Dabros et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2025.1676633
155. Repeat Glacier Collapses and Surges in the Amney Machen Mountain Range, Tibet, Possibly Triggered by a Developing Rock-Slope Instability F. Paul https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11060708
156. Spatially distributed sensitivity of simulated global groundwater heads and flows to hydraulic conductivity, groundwater recharge, and surface water body parameterization R. Reinecke et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-4561-2019
157. The changing thermal state of permafrost S. Smith et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-021-00240-1
158. On the influence of wind speed model resolution on the global technical wind energy potential C. Jung & D. Schindler https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2021.112001
159. Northern Hemisphere permafrost extent: Drylands, glaciers and sea floor. Comment to the paper: Obu, J., et al. 2019. Northern Hemisphere permafrost map based on TTOP modeling for 2000–2016 at 1 km2 scale, Earth Science Reviews, 193, 299–316 W. Dobiński https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.103037
160. Transferring Cryosphere Knowledge between Mountains Globally: A Case Study of Western Canadian Mountains, the European Alps and the Scandes E. Stewart-Jones & S. Gruber https://doi.org/10.4000/rga.12203
161. Changes in global land surface frozen ground and freeze‒thaw processes during 1950–2020 based on ERA5-Land data Y. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2024.03.007
162. Thaw slumps alter ecosystem carbon budget in alpine grassland on the Tibetan Plateau G. Jiang et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-66869-4
163. Arctic wetland system dynamics under climate warming H. Kreplin et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1526
164. Unreported mass movement cascades and future Glacial Lake Outburst Flood (GLOF) hazard in Jammu and Kashmir, Western Himalaya A. Sattar et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-26-5587-2026
165. Research progress and prospect of frozen soil engineering disasters H. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2023.103901
166. Mechanical behavior and microstructural evolution of frozen soils under the combination of confining pressure and water content Z. Sun et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2022.106819
167. SCDNA: a serially complete precipitation and temperature dataset for North America from 1979 to 2018 G. Tang et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2381-2020
168. Rock glaciers across the United States predominantly accelerate coincident with rise in air temperatures A. Kääb & J. Røste https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-52093-z
169. Surface and sub-surface drivers of autumn temperature increase over Eurasian permafrost D. Vecellio & O. Frauenfeld https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-022-03366-3
170. Active Layer and Permafrost Investigations Using Geophysical and Geocryological Methods—A Case Study of the Khanovey Area, Near Vorkuta, in the NE European Russian Arctic M. Rossi et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.910078
171. Modelling Permafrost Characteristics and Its Relationship with Environmental Constraints in the Gaize Area, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China Y. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14215610
172. Submarine Landslide Susceptibility Mapping in Recently Deglaciated Terrain, Glacier Bay, Alaska N. Avdievitch & J. Coe https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.821188
173. Mechanisms and Impacts of Earth System Tipping Elements S. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021RG000757
174. Permafrost active layer W. Dobiński https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103301
175. Classification of slope processes based on multitemporal DInSAR analyses in the Himalaya of NW Bhutan B. Dini et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.111408
176. Climate change decreases the cooling effect from postfire albedo in boreal North America S. Potter et al. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14888
177. Global hyper-resolution modeling of historical and future groundwater dynamics B. van Jaarsveld et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-17-1201-2026
178. Nunataryuk field campaigns: understanding the origin and fate of terrestrial organic matter in the coastal waters of the Mackenzie Delta region M. Lizotte et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1617-2023
179. Numerical modeling of temperature profiles in hardening belitic calcium sulfoaluminate cement-based mortars for permafrost region applications G. Huang et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/21650373.2022.2056541
180. Millennial-aged pyrogenic carbon in high-latitude mineral soils M. Schiedung et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01343-5
181. Temporal Variations in Landslide Distributions Following Extreme Events: Implications for Landslide Susceptibility Modeling J. Jones et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JF006067
182. Soil respiration strongly offsets carbon uptake in Alaska and Northwest Canada J. Watts et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac1222
183. The demise of caterpillar fungus in the Himalayan region due to climate change and overharvesting K. Hopping et al. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1811591115
184. Paraglacial Rock Slope Stability Under Changing Environmental Conditions, Safuna Lakes, Cordillera Blanca Peru J. Klimeš et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.607277
185. Latitudinal gradients in runoff dynamics across undisturbed Eurasian permafrost rivers under accelerating climate change J. QIN et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2026.01.002
186. Investigation of Wind Characteristics and Cooling Effects of Crushed-Rock Embankment with Different Pavement Widths in Permafrost Region H. Zhao et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14010166
187. Global prevalence of non-perennial rivers and streams M. Messager et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03565-5
188. Hydro-thermal processes and deformation of highway embankment in the active layer in a high-latitude permafrost region of Inner Mongolia in Northeast China C. Xie et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2024.104357
189. Underestimated number and significance of rock glaciers on the Tibetan Plateau M. Feng et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2025.12.004
190. Rapid permafrost thaw induced by heat loss from a buried warm-oil pipeline and a new mitigation measure combining seasonal air-cooled embankment and pipe insulation M. Yanhu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.117919
191. Spatial Distribution of Permafrost in the Xing’an Mountains of Northeast China from 2001 to 2018 Y. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10111127
192. The Parraguirre ice–rock avalanche 1987, semi-arid Andes, Chile – a holistic revision J. Fürst et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-3559-2025
193. Impacts of National Highway G214 on Vegetation in the Source Area of Yellow and Yangtze Rivers on the Southern Qinghai Plateau, West China X. Jin et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15061547
194. Mountain permafrost — research frontiers and a special long-term challenge W. Haeberli https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2013.02.004
195. Research Progress of the Application of LiDAR in Frozen Soil 煜. 杨 https://doi.org/10.12677/AG.2022.121004
196. Challenges in Understanding the Variability of the Cryosphere in the Himalaya and Its Impact on Regional Water Resources B. Vishwakarma et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2022.909246
197. The evolution of Arctic permafrost over the last 3 centuries from ensemble simulations with the CryoGridLite permafrost model M. Langer et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-363-2024
198. Mountain Permafrost Hydrology—A Practical Review Following Studies from the Andes L. Arenson et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences12020048
199. First subsurface characterization of periglacial areas in the Yendegaia National Park, Southern Tierra del Fuego Island, Chile A. Carrera et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2026.104919
200. Potential CO2 emissions from defrosting permafrost soils of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau under different scenarios of climate change in 2050 and 2070 A. Bosch et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2016.08.035
201. A Framework to Identify Rock Glaciers and Model Mountain Permafrost in the Jhelum Basin, Kashmir Himalaya, India S. Remya et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023EA003170
202. Heterogeneous changes of soil microclimate in high mountains and glacier forelands S. Marta et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-41063-6
203. Changes of Soil Thermal and Hydraulic Regimes in Northern Hemisphere Permafrost Regions over the 21st Century C. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1657/AAAR0016-026
204. 全球和我国多年冻土分布范围和实际面积研究进展 G. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.3799/dqkx.2022.083
205. Research on the Spatial Distribution of Soil Organic Carbon Storage in the Kamalan River Basin Based on the Random Forest Model 威. 孙 https://doi.org/10.12677/ojns.2024.125113
206. Response of seasonal soil freeze depth to climate change across China X. Peng et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-1059-2017
207. Modeling the Distribution of Mountain Permafrost in Chile A. Brenning et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-4681-2026
208. National and global wind resource assessment under six wind turbine installation scenarios C. Jung et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2017.11.059
209. Millennial-scale carbon-source changes revealed by sedimentary radiocarbon in Arctic lakes L. Marshall et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2026.110121
210. Ensemble numerical simulation of permafrost thermal regimes over the Tibetan Plateau using the Flexible Permafrost Model: 1950–2023 W. Sun & B. Cao https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-2681-2026
211. Methods for mapping and monitoring global glaciovolcanism A. Curtis & P. Kyle https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2017.01.017
212. Monitoring and simulation of hydrothermal conditions indicating the deteriorating stability of a perennially frozen moraine dam in the Himalayas X. WANG et al. https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2018.38
213. Qualitative risk assessment and strategies for infrastructure on permafrost in the French Alps P. Duvillard et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2021.103311
214. Revealing the impacts of environmental and anthropogenic factors on permafrost deformation in the central Qinghai-Tibet Plateau using InSAR and interpretable machine learning X. Lin et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2025.113977
215. Total nitrogen influence bacterial community structure of active layer permafrost across summer and winter seasons in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard D. Loganathachetti et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-021-03210-3
216. Simulated high-latitude soil thermal dynamics during the past 4 decades S. Peng et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-179-2016
217. Permafrost Distribution along the Qinghai-Tibet Engineering Corridor, China Using High-Resolution Statistical Mapping and Modeling Integrated with Remote Sensing and GIS F. Niu et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10020215
218. Improving Snow‐Process Modeling by Evaluating Reanalysis Vertical Temperature Profiles Using a Distributed Hydrological Model A. Moiz et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD036174
219. Ground ice, organic carbon and soluble cations in tundra permafrost soils and sediments near a Laurentide ice divide in the Slave Geological Province, Northwest Territories, Canada R. Subedi et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4341-2020
220. Significant role of permafrost in regional hydrology of the Upper Indus Basin, India G. Jeelani et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170863
221. IPSL-Perm-LandN: improving the IPSL Earth System Model to represent permafrost carbon-nitrogen interactions R. Gaillard et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-661-2026
222. A permafrost implementation in the simple carbon–climate model Hector v.2.3pf D. Woodard et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-4751-2021
223. Diversity of primary vegetation species of lake shore impacts largely carbon emissions in thermokarst lakes on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau Q. Xu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2024.122946
224. Permafrost zonation index map and statistics over the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau based on field evidence B. Cao et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.2006
225. Climatic assessment of circum-Arctic permafrost zonation over the last 122 kyr K. Saito et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polar.2021.100765
226. Surface–Atmosphere Moisture Interactions in the Frozen Ground Regions of Eurasia T. Ford & O. Frauenfeld https://doi.org/10.1038/srep19163
227. Thermal Modeling of Small Modular Reactors in Permafrost Regions Subjected to Climate Nonstationarity M. Afsharipour et al. https://doi.org/10.1061/JCRGEI.CRENG-804
228. Influence of permafrost and hydrogeology on seasonal and spatial variations in water chemistry of an alpine river in the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China Y. Pan et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155227
229. Off-Grid Solar Powered Ground Cooling System A. Wagner et al. https://doi.org/10.1061/JCRGEI.CRENG-605
230. A new remote hazard and risk assessment framework for glacial lakes in the Nepal Himalaya D. Rounce et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3455-2016
231. Large‐Scale Interseismic Strain Mapping of the NE Tibetan Plateau From Sentinel‐1 Interferometry Q. Ou et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JB024176
232. Assessment of a hydrologic-land surface model to simulate thermo-hydrologic evolution of permafrost regions M. Abdelhamed et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132161
233. Review article: Inferring permafrost and permafrost thaw in the mountains of the Hindu Kush Himalaya region S. Gruber et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-81-2017
234. Small is strong: Post-LIA resilience of Europe's Southernmost glaciers assessed by geophysical methods A. Onaca et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2022.106143
235. Oil and natural gas wells across the NASA ABoVE domain: fugitive methane emissions and broader environmental impacts L. Klotz et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/acbe52
236. Investigating spatial variability of ground temperatures across coastal and continental highlands in Labrador, northeastern Canada V. Colyn et al. https://doi.org/10.1139/as-2024-0079
237. Lakes as geoindicators of thermokarst landscape changes following wildfires P. Janiec et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-025-13879-w
238. A framework to assess permafrost thaw threat for land transportation infrastructure in northern Canada A. Fatolahzadeh Gheysari & P. Maghoul https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01317-7
239. A Comparative Study of Active Rock Glaciers Mapped from Geomorphic- and Kinematic-Based Approaches in Daxue Shan, Southeast Tibetan Plateau J. Cai et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13234931
240. Current understanding, knowledge gaps, and challenges of mountain permafrost research in the Chilean and Argentinean Andes H. Fernández-Navarro et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2024.105165
241. The distribution and hydrological significance of rock glaciers in the Nepalese Himalaya D. Jones et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2017.11.005
242. Relations between climate change and mass movement: Perspectives from the Canadian Cordillera and the European Alps M. Chiarle et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2021.103499
243. Permafrost distribution map of San Juan Dry Andes (Argentina) based on rock glacier sites M. Esper Angillieri https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2016.12.002
244. Spatial distribution and changes of permafrost on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau revealed by statistical models during the period of 1980 to 2010 T. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.398
245. Permafrost carbon emissions in a changing Arctic K. Miner et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-021-00230-3
246. Integrated geomorphological–geophysical characterization of periglacial processes and frozen ground distribution in the easternmost edge of the Darwin range, Tierra del Fuego (54° S) S. Ruiz‐Pereira et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70290
247. Permafrost Distribution in the Southern Carpathians, Romania, Derived From Machine Learning Modeling R. Popescu et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.2232
248. Evaluation of LPM permafrost distribution in NE Asia reconstructed and downscaled from GCM simulations K. Saito et al. https://doi.org/10.1111/bor.12038
249. A ground temperature map of the North Atlantic permafrost region based on remote sensing and reanalysis data S. Westermann et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-1303-2015
250. Mapping Frozen Ground in the Qilian Mountains in 2004–2019 Using Google Earth Engine Cloud Computing Y. Qi et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13010149
251. Significant shallow–depth soil warming over Russia during the past 40 years L. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2020.103394
252. Increasing the Depth of a Land Surface Model. Part II: Temperature Sensitivity to Improved Subsurface Thermodynamics and Associated Permafrost Response N. Steinert et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-21-0023.1
253. Burkholderiaceae Are Key Acetate Assimilators During Complete Denitrification in Acidic Cryoturbated Peat Circles of the Arctic Tundra S. Hetz & M. Horn https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.628269
254. Exploration of permafrost with audiomagnetotelluric data for gas hydrates in the Juhugeng Mine of the Qilian Mountains, China B. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.1190/geo2018-0469.1
255. Massive collapse of two glaciers in western Tibet in 2016 after surge-like instability A. Kääb et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-017-0039-7
256. What explains the year-to-year variation in growing season timing of boreal black spruce forests? M. El-Amine et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2022.109113
257. Landscape degradation and development as a result of touristic activity in the fragile, high‐mountain environment of Vinicunca (Rainbow Mountain), Andes, Peru A. Tomczyk & M. Ewertowski https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.4729
258. Rockwall erosion rate inferred from in situ 10Be concentration of supraglacial clasts: a review L. Courtial-Manent et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gh-80-339-2025
259. Ground surface temperature variability in rock glaciers from a marginal periglacial environment: Evidence from the Southern Carpathians F. Ardelean et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2026.110681
260. Permafrost collapse alters alpine ecosystem development via microtopographic modification on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau X. Men et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2025.109692
261. Leveraging Soil Moisture Assimilation in Permafrost Affected Regions A. Pradhan et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15061532
262. Recent trends in the chemistry of major northern rivers signal widespread Arctic change S. Tank et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-023-01247-7
263. Fine-scale spatial variability of winter CO2 and CH4 fluxes in Arctic tundra derived from snowpack gradient measurements G. Hould Gosselin et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-7447-2026
264. The last years of Infiernos Glacier and its transition to a new paraglacial stage J. Revuelto et al. https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2025.22
265. Elevation dependency of future degradation of permafrost over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau G. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ace0d1
266. Multi-temporal DEMs used to quantify the geomorphological impact of a late 20th century glacier re-advance at Schwarzberggletscher, Switzerland T. Tonkin et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.110027
267. Timing and extent of glaciation since the Last Glacial Maximum in the upper Kalguty basin, Russian Altai Mountains P. Deline et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.3535
268. First evidence of rock wall permafrost in the Pyrenees (Vignemale peak, 3,298 m a.s.l., 42°46′16″N/0°08′33″W) I. Rico et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.2130
269. Inventory of rock glaciers in Himachal Himalaya, India using high-resolution Google Earth imagery P. Pandey https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2019.05.001
270. The Thermal Behavior of Ice-Bearing Ground: The Highest Cold, Dry Desert on Earth as an Analog for Conditions on Mars, at Ojos del Salado, Puna de Atacama-Altiplano Region B. Nagy et al. https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2018.2021
271. Combination of Aerial, Satellite, and UAV Photogrammetry for Quantifying Rock Glacier Kinematics in the Dry Andes of Chile (30°S) Since the 1950s S. Vivero et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/frsen.2021.784015
272. Mechanical properties and failure mechanism of rock-like specimens with arc-shaped flaws under freeze–thaw cycles K. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tafmec.2024.104275
273. Characteristics of methane emissions from alpine thermokarst lakes on the Tibetan Plateau G. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-38907-6
274. Frozen Soil Characterization via X-Ray Computed Tomography: A Review M. Liew https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2026.104965
275. Dynamics of freezing/thawing indices and frozen ground from 1900 to 2017 in the upper Brahmaputra River Basin, Tibetan Plateau L. LIU et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2020.10.003
276. A boreal forest model benchmarking dataset for North America: a case study with the Canadian Land Surface Scheme Including Biogeochemical Cycles (CLASSIC) B. Qu et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ace376
277. New high-resolution estimates of the permafrost thermal state and hydrothermal conditions over the Northern Hemisphere Y. Ran et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-865-2022
278. Inventorying rock glaciers in the Western Himalaya, India, and assessing their hydrological significance I. Bhat et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2024.109514
279. Pleistocene Periglacial Processes and Landforms, Mid-Atlantic Region, Eastern United States D. Merritts & M. Rahnis https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-032320-102849
280. An improved global wind resource estimate for integrated assessment models K. Eurek et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2016.11.015
281. Future and present susceptibility to thermokarst hazards in the Northern Hemisphere using an interpretable CNN method Y. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.133787
282. The Canadian Water Resource Vulnerability Index to Permafrost Thaw (CWRVIPT) C. Spence et al. https://doi.org/10.1139/as-2019-0028
283. Utilisation des températures de forage pour le transfert de connaissances sur le permafrost (pergélisol) de montagne : L’exemple de la série temporelle de 35 ans à Murtèl-Corvatsch (Alpes suisses) W. Haeberli et al. https://doi.org/10.4000/rga.11913
284. The Expanding Footprint of Rapid Arctic Change T. Moon et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018EF001088
285. Brief communication: Collapse of 4 Mm3 of ice from a cirque glacier in the Central Andes of Argentina D. Falaschi et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-997-2019
286. Investigating the first case of permafrost degraded subsidence in Lahaul & Spiti region of Tethyan Himalayas K. Mahanta et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-03921-9
287. Impact of climate change on allowable bearing capacity on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau X. Xu & Q. Wu https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2019.06.003
288. Contemporary degradation of steep rock slopes in the periglacial zone of the Tatra Mts., Poland B. Gądek et al. https://doi.org/10.7163/GPol.0245
289. A 481-meter-high landslide-tsunami in a cruise ship–frequented Alaska fjord D. Shugar et al. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aec3187
290. Preliminary evaluation of high efficiency cold storage structure for permafrost roadbed W. Yu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.131905
291. Climate impacts from North American boreal forest fires M. van Gerrevink et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-026-01940-3
292. Rock glaciers in Daxue Shan, south-eastern Tibetan Plateau: an inventory, their distribution, and their environmental controls Z. Ran & G. Liu https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-2327-2018
293. Extensive loss of past permafrost carbon but a net accumulation into present-day soils A. Lindgren et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0371-0
294. LGM permafrost distribution: how well can the latest PMIP multi-model ensembles perform reconstruction? K. Saito et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1697-2013
295. Poromechanical analysis of regional frozen ground responses under heat exchanger operations K. Khaksar & B. Li https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2024-0464
296. The environmental consequences of permafrost degradation in a changing climate M. Oliva et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.285
297. PermaBN: A Bayesian Network framework to help predict permafrost thaw in the Arctic K. Beall et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2022.101601
298. Characterizing the moisture migration and phase transition in cement-based materials during in-situ freeze-thaw cycles by hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) Y. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106204
299. Modeling Permafrost Distribution Using Geoinformatics in the Alaknanda Valley, Uttarakhand, India A. Pandey et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142315731
300. Biomarker 14C evidence for sources and recycling of pre-aged organic carbon in Arctic permafrost regions J. Lattaud et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2025.02.010
301. Permafrost and Climate Change: Carbon Cycle Feedbacks From the Warming Arctic E. Schuur et al. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-011847
302. Anthropogenic Global Warming Versus Natural Global Warming: An Overview on Global Marine and Terrestrial Biodiversity J. Song et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11802-025-6008-7
303. Climatic and anthropogenic drivers of a drying Himalayan river G. Penny et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-375-2022
304. Evaluating machine learning models for enhanced permafrost distribution mapping using rock glaciers: A case study in Shaluli Mountain, Southeast Tibetan Plateau T. Wu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsase.2025.101745
305. Spatial‐temporal variation of near‐surface temperature lapse rates over the Tianshan Mountains, central Asia Y. Shen et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD025711
306. Global earthworm distribution and activity windows based on soil hydromechanical constraints S. Ruiz et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-021-02139-5
307. Characterizing the Changes in Permafrost Thickness across Tibetan Plateau Y. Zhao et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15010206
308. A Review of Satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry Applications in Permafrost Regions: Current status, challenges, and trends Z. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/MGRS.2022.3170350
309. How Much of the Earth's Surface is Underlain by Permafrost? J. Obu https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JF006123
310. The predictability of near‐term forest biomass change in boreal North America A. Burrell et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4737
311. Monitoring surface deformation of the Qinghai–Tibet permafrost region using an improved MT-InSAR method based on spatial–temporal constraints J. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2024.2406383
312. Lake outburst and debris flow disaster at Kedarnath, June 2013: hydrometeorological triggering and topographic predisposition S. Allen et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-015-0584-3
313. Disturbances in North American boreal forest and Arctic tundra: impacts, interactions, and responses A. Foster et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac98d7
314. The challenges of commercial mountaineering on the highest Volcanic Seven Summit, the Ojos del Salado B. Nagy et al. https://doi.org/10.15201/hungeobull.72.1.2
315. Diagnostics and Mapping of Geoecological Situations in the Permafrost Zone of Russia N. Tumel & L. Zotova https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9080353
316. Deformation, strains and velocities for the Alpine Himalayan Belt from trans-continental Sentinel-1 InSAR & GNSS J. Elliott et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2026.115320
317. Recent advances in the study of limnological processes in permafrost environments M. Oliva & D. Antoniades https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2016.05.010
318. An experimental and theoretical investigation of the dynamic mechanical behavior of artificial porous rock under sub-zero temperatures Y. Xu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104562
319. An observation-based constraint on permafrost loss as a function of global warming S. Chadburn et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3262
320. Shallow ground temperature measurements on the highest volcano on Earth, Mt. Ojos del Salado, Arid Andes, Chile B. Nagy et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.1989
321. Modelling the spatial distribution of permafrost in Labrador–Ungava using the temperature at the top of permafrost R. Way et al. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2016-0034
322. Effects of porosity of crushed-rock layer on cooling performance of crushed-rock embankment in permafrost region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau H. Zhao et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-024-11661-8
323. Permafrost distribution in the European Alps: calculation and evaluation of an index map and summary statistics L. Boeckli et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-6-807-2012
324. Assessment of L-Band Passive Microwave Soil Moisture Retrievals Against In Situ Measurements in the North American Boreal Biome A. Gorrab et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2025.3569063
325. The joint driving effects of climate and weather changes caused the Chamoli glacier-rock avalanche in the high altitudes of the India Himalaya Y. Zhou et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-021-9844-0
326. The 2016 Lamplugh rock avalanche, Alaska: deposit structures and emplacement dynamics A. Dufresne et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-019-01225-4
327. A new approach to mapping permafrost and change incorporating uncertainties in ground conditions and climate projections Y. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-2177-2014
328. Rock glacier inventory, permafrost probability distribution modeling and associated hazards in the Hunza River Basin, Western Karakoram, Pakistan J. Hassan et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146833
329. A global wind farm potential index to increase energy yields and accessibility C. Jung & D. Schindler https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2021.120923
330. Potential future methane emission hot spots in Greenland M. Geng et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aaf34b
331. Impact of glacier changes and permafrost distribution on debris flows in Badswat and Shishkat catchments, Northern Pakistan W. Hassan et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-023-7894-5
332. Transitional rock glaciers at sea level in northern Norway K. Lilleøren et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-975-2022
333. Water Potential in Frozen Soil L. Gou et al. https://doi.org/10.1061/JGGEFK.GTENG-15116
334. Northern permafrost represents a limit on the northward shift of climatically feasible agricultural frontiers under future warming S. Xu et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-026-03702-w
335. The Sikkim flood of October 2023: Drivers, causes, and impacts of a multihazard cascade A. Sattar et al. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.ads2659
336. Developing a Database of Hydrological, Meteorological, and Physiographic Characteristics for River Catchments of the Russian Federation D. Abramov et al. https://doi.org/10.3103/S1068373926030052
337. Evolution of Glacial and High-Altitude Lakes in the Sikkim, Eastern Himalaya Over the Past Four Decades (1975–2017) A. Shukla et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2018.00081
338. The temporal variability of global wind energy – Long-term trends and inter-annual variability C. Jung et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2019.03.072
339. Influence of Open-Pit Coal Mining on Ground Surface Deformation of Permafrost in the Muli Region in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China H. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14102352
340. Permafrost distribution modelling in the semi-arid Chilean Andes G. Azócar et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-877-2017
341. Large rock and ice avalanches frequently produce cascading processes in High Mountain Asia Y. Zhong et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2023.109048
342. Tree growth is connected with distribution and warming‐induced degradation of permafrost in southern Siberia R. Peng et al. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16284
343. Characteristics of Water‐Heat Exchanges and Inconsistent Surface Temperature Changes at an Elevational Permafrost Site on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau D. Luo et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD028298
344. Relationships between urban expansion and socioenvironmental indicators across multiple scales of watersheds: a case study among watersheds running through China X. Zhou et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-27639-1
345. Spatio-temporal development of high-mountain lakes in the headwaters of the Amu Darya River (Central Asia) M. Mergili et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2013.04.001
346. Spatial Distribution and Variation Characteristics of Permafrost Temperature in Northeast China W. Shan et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14138178
347. Glacial lake expansion and GLOF hazard assessment of Kedartal, upper Ganga basin: insights from remote sensing, climatological and 2D hydro-dynamic modelling L. Patel et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2026.2725266
348. Thawing permafrost and methane emission in Siberia: Synthesis of observations, reanalysis, and predictive modeling O. Anisimov & S. Zimov https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-020-01392-y
349. Study of Snow Drift Blockage of Ventilated Embankments in Snowy Permafrost Regions Z. Yan et al. https://doi.org/10.1061/JCRGEI.CRENG-1007
350. Towards accurate quantification of ice content in permafrost of the Central Andes – Part 2: An upscaling strategy of geophysical measurements to the catchment scale at two study sites T. Mathys et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2595-2022
351. Thaw-induced impacts on land and water in discontinuous permafrost: A review of the Taiga Plains and Taiga Shield, northwestern Canada S. Wright et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2022.104104
352. High‐Resolution Maps of Near‐Surface Permafrost for Three Watersheds on the Seward Peninsula, Alaska Derived From Machine Learning E. Thaler et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023EA003015
353. Assessment of rock glaciers and their water storage in Guokalariju, Tibetan Plateau M. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-1-2024
354. Arctic Ecosystems and their Services Under Changing Climate: Predictive‐Modeling Assessment O. Anisimov et al. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1931-0846.2016.12199.x
355. Rock glaciers represent hidden water stores in the Himalaya D. Jones et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145368
356. Synergistic depth-insulation optimization for solar buried pipeline in permafrost via thermal-hydraulic coupled modeling B. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2026.126500
357. Impacts of lateral conductive heat flow on ground temperature and implications for permafrost modeling Y. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-78901-6
358. Elevation correction of ERA‐Interim temperature data in the Tibetan Plateau L. Gao et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.4935
359. High-Intensity Wildfires Increase the Risk of Severe Ground Subsidence in Permafrost Regions: Evidence from Long-Term InSAR Observations in the Da Xing’an Mountains Permafrost Region, China Z. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/f17080953
360. Permafrost evolution in a mountain catchment near Santiago de Chile S. Ruiz Pereira et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2021.103293
361. Extreme degradation of alpine wet meadow decelerates soil heat transfer by preserving soil organic matter on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau Z. Gao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.132748
362. Physics-guided machine learning approach for reconstructing air temperature in warm permafrost on the Qinghai‒Xizang Plateau C. Peng et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2026.04.013
363. The State of Remote Sensing Capabilities of Cascading Hazards Over High Mountain Asia D. Kirschbaum et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2019.00197
364. Glacial lake outburst flood hazard assessment by satellite Earth observation in the Himalayas (Chomolhari area, Bhutan) C. Scapozza et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gh-74-125-2019
365. Siberian environmental change: Synthesis of recent studies and opportunities for networking T. Callaghan et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-021-01626-7
366. Estimating Permafrost Distribution Using Co‐Located Temperature and Electrical Resistivity Measurements S. Uhlemann et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL103987
367. Organic carbon stocks, quality and prediction in permafrost-affected forest soils in North Canada M. Schiedung et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2022.106194
368. A dataset of comprehensive background data series over the Pan-Third Pole (1980–2020) H. LI et al. https://doi.org/10.11922/11-6035.csd.2023.0112.en
369. Heterogeneous mass loss of glaciers in the Aksu-Tarim Catchment (Central Tien Shan) revealed by 1976 KH-9 Hexagon and 2009 SPOT-5 stereo imagery T. Pieczonka et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2012.11.020
370. Reassessment of natural expansive materials and their impact on freeze-thaw cycles in geotechnical engineering: a review F. Oppong & O. Kolawole https://doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2024.1396542
371. Microbiogeochemical Traits to Identify Nitrogen Hotspots in Permafrost Regions C. Fiencke et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/nitrogen3030031
372. Satellite observations characterize the impacts of climate change and human activities on permafrost along Qinghai–Tibet Railway Z. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2024.100127
373. Integrating optical and InSAR data for machine learning-based rock glacier activity classification: Model evaluation across mountain regions X. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/10095020.2026.2654942
374. Recent evolution of damage to infrastructure on permafrost in the French Alps P. Duvillard et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-019-01465-z
375. Mapping of morainic complexes and reconstruction of glacier dynamics north-east of Cook Ice Cap, Kerguelen Archipelago (49°S) P. Deline et al. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954102023000378
376. Heterogenous runoff trends in peatland-dominated basins throughout the circumpolar North M. Mack et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ac11ed
377. Permafrost Degradation within Eastern Chukotka CALM Sites in the 21st Century Based on CMIP5 Climate Models A. Maslakov et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9050232
378. Surface velocity fields of active rock glaciers and ice‐debris complexes in the Central Andes of Argentina J. Blöthe et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.5042
379. Permafrost changes in the northwestern Da Xing'anling Mountains, Northeast China, in the past decade X. Chang et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3947-2022
380. Surface-atmosphere energy exchanges and their effects on surface climate and atmospheric boundary layer characteristics in the forest-tundra ecotone in northwestern Canada V. Graveline et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2024.109996
381. Effects of freeze-thaw cycles on the size distribution and stability of soil aggregate in the permafrost regions of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau C. Dong et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/acf651
382. Arctic soil carbon insulation averts large spring cooling from surface–atmosphere feedbacks R. Gaillard et al. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2410226122
383. A glimpse beneath earth's surface: GLobal HYdrogeology MaPS (GLHYMPS) of permeability and porosity T. Gleeson et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL059856
384. Spatio-Temporal Variations in the Effective Snow/Glacier Coverage in the Sikkim Himalayas S. Mondal & R. Bharti https://doi.org/10.1007/s12524-022-01643-3
385. Lithologic, geomorphic, and permafrost controls on recent landsliding in the Alaska Range A. Patton et al. https://doi.org/10.1130/GES02256.1
386. Bellwether sites for evaluating changes in landslide frequency and magnitude in cryospheric mountainous terrain: a call for systematic, long-term observations to decipher the impact of climate change J. Coe https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-020-01462-y
387. Retrogressive thaw slump expansion and vegetation phenological response in the Qilian Mountains, northeastern Tibetan Plateau X. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-025-0003-8
388. Spatial patterns in CO2 evasion from the global river network R. Lauerwald et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GB004941
389. Spatial prediction of permafrost occurrence in Sikkim Himalayas using logistic regression, random forests, support vector machines and neural networks P. Baral & M. Haq https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2020.107331
390. Introducing a new normalized cryospheric index (NCI) to categorize sub-watersheds on arid environments C. Ulloa et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-5829-2026
391. Mapping and inventorying active rock glaciers in the northern Tien Shan of China using satellite SAR interferometry X. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-997-2017
392. Downslope solifluction movements and permafrost degradation in the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau revealed by InSAR H. Watine et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2025.114926
393. Economic losses of carbon emissions from circum-Arctic permafrost regions under RCP-SSP scenarios Y. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.299
394. Dos Lenguas rock glacier kinematics stable despite warming trend (2016–2024): Surface changes and the role of topography and climate in the Dry Andes of Argentina M. Stammler et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70151
395. Lake and drained lake basin systems in lowland permafrost regions B. Jones et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-021-00238-9
396. A Comprehensive Inventory, Characterization, and Analysis of Rock Glaciers in the Jhelum Basin, Kashmir Himalaya, Using High-Resolution Google Earth Data T. Abdullah & S. Romshoo https://doi.org/10.3390/w16162327
397. Rock glacier dynamics in Southern Carpathian Mountains from high-resolution optical and multi-temporal SAR satellite imagery M. Necsoiu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2016.02.025
398. Using Borehole Temperatures for Knowledge Transfer about Mountain Permafrost: The Example of the 35-year Time Series at Murtèl-Corvatsch (Swiss Alps) W. Haeberli et al. https://doi.org/10.4000/rga.11950
399. Machine learning assessment of historical and future permafrost distribution in the Kali Gandaki River Basin, Nepal E. Sthapit et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcar.2026.04.003
400. Glacial decline next to stable permafrost in the Dry Andes? Vertical glacier surface changes and rock glacier kinematics based on Pléiades imagery (Rodeo basin, 2019–2025) M. Stammler et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-2257-2026
401. Alternative tree‐cover states of the boreal ecosystem: A conceptual model B. Abis et al. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.12880
402. Evaluation of representation of seasonally frozen ground characteristics in Land Surface Models: JSBACH and CLM M. Parmar et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-4157-2026
403. Geographical optimization of variable renewable energy capacity in China using modern portfolio theory J. Hu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.113614
404. Decadal doubling of Siberian methane emissions due to warming-induced fires and methanogenesis S. Zhu et al. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aea5828
405. Estimating Permafrost Distribution in the Maritime Southern Alps, New Zealand, Based on Climatic Conditions at Rock Glacier Sites K. Sattler et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2016.00004
406. Permafrost-Associated Gas Hydrate: Is It Really Approximately 1 % of the Global System? C. Ruppel https://doi.org/10.1021/je500770m
407. A general theory of rock glacier creep based on in‐situ and remote sensing observations A. Cicoira et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.2090
408. Hydrometeorological and hydrological data from Baker Creek Research Watershed, Northwest Territories, Canada, release V.3 C. Spence & N. Hedstrom https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-3435-2026
409. Glacial and periglacial landforms and their recent dynamics in the Las Veguitas catchment, Cordillera Frontal of the Andes (Argentina) E. Makopoulou et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2025.1533336
410. Spatial and temporal change patterns of near-surface CO2 and CH4 concentrations in different permafrost regions on the Mongolian Plateau from 2010 to 2017 S. Adiya et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149433
411. Continued Warming of the Permafrost Regions Over the Northern Hemisphere Under Future Climate Change G. Hu et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022EF002835
412. Cryosphere–groundwater connectivity is a missing link in the mountain water cycle M. van Tiel et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44221-024-00277-8
413. Simulating high-latitude permafrost regions by the JSBACH terrestrial ecosystem model A. Ekici et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-631-2014
414. Electrokinetic remediation for Pb-contaminated frozen soil: A case study of silty-clay G. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2026.123635
415. A Brief Overview of the GLObal RIver Chemistry Database, GLORICH J. Hartmann et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeps.2014.08.005
416. Distance to power grids and consideration criteria reduce global wind energy potential the most C. Jung & D. Schindler https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128472
417. Analysis of triggering factors behind the October 2023 South Lhonak GLOF event in the Sikkim Himalaya using multiple remote sensing data V. Vilímek et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/19475705.2026.2625407
418. Permafrost Map for Norway, Sweden and Finland K. Gisnås et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.1922
419. Metal Mobilization from Thawing Permafrost Is an Emergent Risk to Water Resources E. Skierszkan et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.4c00789
420. Spatial Estimation of Permafrost Thickness in the Greater and Lesser Khingan Mountains, Northeast China Y. Lu et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs18050684
421. Future climate warming and changes to mountain permafrost in the Bolivian Andes S. Rangecroft et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-016-1655-8
422. Ice loss in the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau permafrost as seen by 16 yr of ESA SAR missions S. Daout et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116404
423. Scale‐Dependent Influence of Permafrost on Riverbank Erosion Rates J. Rowland et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JF007101
424. Permafrost estimation model in Upper Indus Basin A. Pandey et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-023-02176-0
425. Quantifying permafrost ground ice contents in the Tien Shan and Pamir (Central Asia): a petrophysical joint inversion approach using a geometric mean model T. Mathys et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-6591-2025
426. The Lizoite rock glacier, Dry Andes of Northwestern Argentina: A deactivation case in progress? E. Flores & M. Martini https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70302
427. Glaciohydrology of the Himalaya-Karakoram M. Azam et al. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abf3668
428. Occurrence, evolution and ice content of ice‐debris complexes in the Ak‐Shiirak, Central Tien Shan revealed by geophysical and remotely‐sensed investigations T. Bolch et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.4487
429. Rock glaciers of the semi-arid northwestern Himalayas: distribution, characteristics, and hydrological significance P. Pandey et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2024.107845
430. Process and numerical simulation of landslide sliding caused by permafrost degradation and seasonal precipitation C. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-024-06433-3
431. Burned area and carbon emissions across northwestern boreal North America from 2001–2019 S. Potter et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2785-2023
432. Ground surface boundary condition methods for analysis of climate-driven permafrost thaw: A comparative study and long-term projections for Nunavik, Canada A. Fatolahzadeh Gheysari & P. Maghoul https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104735
433. Glacier–permafrost relations in a high-mountain environment: 5 decades of kinematic monitoring at the Gruben site, Swiss Alps I. Gärtner-Roer et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2083-2022
434. The Sun is setting for the historic Sunlight Glacier, Absaroka Mountains, Wyoming, USA T. Meng et al. https://doi.org/10.1017/aog.2026.10041
435. Characteristics of the Siberian coal basins permafrost: An example of Ytymdja depression R. Sysolyatin https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151494
436. Landscape controls on late-thaw active-layer thickness in alpine permafrost: 30 m mapping from GPR and temporally matched environmental predictors Y. Xiao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2026.110744
437. Recent peat and carbon accumulation on changing permafrost landforms along the Mackenzie River valley, Northwest Territories, Canada P. Germain Chartrand et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ace9ed
438. Mountain Cryosphere Landscapes in South America: Value and Protection S. Ruiz-Pereira et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/conservation3010017
439. Molards and Their Relation to Landslides Involving Permafrost Failure J. Milana https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.1878
440. Unraveling the distribution patterns of near-surface temperature lapse rates in the Northwestern Kunlun Mountains C. Sun et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-021-6983-0
441. Evaluating the Effectiveness of High-Frequency Ground-Penetrating Radar in Identifying Active Layer Thickness in the Da Xing’anling Mountains L. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17203484
442. Water content and ground temperature variations in the active layer of a rock glacier in the Central Andes of San Juan, Argentina M. López et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.5926
443. Enhanced temperature fluctuations accelerate erosion in the Yarlung Catchment, South Tibet D. Cai et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2026.105331
444. The distribution and genesis of eroded phase soils in the conterminous United States N. Jelinski & K. Yoo https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2016.05.015
445. Permafrost in the Upper Indus Basin: An active layer dynamics J. Wani et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-023-02074-5
446. The Taxonomic Diversity of Prokaryotic Communities from Permafrost Active Layers of the Chilean Andes V. Faragó et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms14030613
447. The ERA5-Land soil temperature bias in permafrost regions B. Cao et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2581-2020
448. Vegetation browning patterns under compound soil and atmospheric dryness in northern permafrost ecosystems M. Wu et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-75131-4
449. Permafrost thawing puts the frozen carbon at risk over the Tibetan Plateau T. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaz3513
450. Hydrological response to long-lasting dry spell at the southern edge of Siberian permafrost L. Han & L. Menzel https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171330
451. Modelling Permafrost Distribution in Western Himalaya Using Remote Sensing and Field Observations M. Khan et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13214403
452. Parameterization of ground ice dynamics in permafrost models: Advances, challenges, and future directions Y. Wu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2026.105637
453. An inventory-driven rock glacier status model (intact vs. relict) for South Tyrol, Eastern Italian Alps C. Kofler et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2019.106887
454. Evaluating permafrost definitions for global permafrost area estimates in CMIP6 climate models N. Steinert et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad10d7
455. Rock Glacier Inventory of the Southwestern Pamirs Supported by InSAR Kinematics Q. Ma & T. Oguchi https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16071185
456. Permafrost distribution modeling using remote sensing and machine learning technique in the Garhwal Himalaya, India A. Pandey et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-025-12739-7
457. Toward the Detection of Permafrost Using Land-Surface Temperature Mapping J. Batbaatar et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12040695
458. Réchauffement du permafrost dans les Alpes occidentales: une nouvelle preuve d’un réchauffement qui dépend de l’altitude? P. Pogliotti et al. https://doi.org/10.4000/rga.11819
459. Incomplete denitrifying bacteria drive N2O fluxes in ancient Siberian permafrost microcosms Y. Sun et al. https://doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiag034
460. PALADYN v1.0, a comprehensive land surface–vegetation–carbon cycle model of intermediate complexity M. Willeit & A. Ganopolski https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-3817-2016
461. Controls on soil respiration in alpine tundra S. Schliemann et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e00987
462. Natural and forced air temperature variability in the Labrador region of Canada during the past century R. Way & A. Viau https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-014-1248-2
463. Modélisation statistique de la distribution du permafrost de paroi : application au massif du Mont Blanc F. Magnin et al. https://doi.org/10.4000/geomorphologie.10965
464. Impacts of elevational variability of climate and frozen ground on streamflow in a glacierized catchment in Tibetan Plateau M. Gao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.129312
465. What drives the water quality changes in the Selenga Basin: climate change or socio-economic development? M. Malsy et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-016-1005-4
466. A cautionary note for rock avalanche field investigation: recent sequential and overlapping landslides in British Columbia M. Geertsema & A. Bevington https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2019-0751
467. Significant contribution of petrogenic organic carbon to suspended particulate organic carbon in the Beaufort Sea D. Kim et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.70455
468. Regional atmospheric cooling and wetting effect of permafrost thaw‐induced boreal forest loss M. Helbig et al. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13348
469. Dependence of C-Band Backscatter on Ground Temperature, Air Temperature and Snow Depth in Arctic Permafrost Regions H. Bergstedt et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10010142
470. Potential rockfalls in the periglacial zone of the Polish High Tatras: Extent and kinematics J. Kajdas & B. Gądek https://doi.org/10.7163/GPol.0275
471. Causes, consequences and implications of the 2023 landslide-induced Lake Rasac glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF), Cordillera Huayhuash, Peru A. Emmer et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-1207-2025
472. Divergent controls on surface and thermal offsets in permafrost across the three poles J. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01235-1
473. Two-dimensional simulation of island permafrost degradation in Northeastern Tibetan Plateau W. Sun et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2023.116330
474. Population living on permafrost in the Arctic J. Ramage et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11111-020-00370-6
475. The 1980 Aparejo Glacier catastrophic detachment: new insights and current status F. Ugalde et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2024.1377216
476. Structural Characterization of Dissolved Organic Matter in Permafrost Peatland Lakes D. Folhas et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12113059
477. Simulation of Spatiotemporal Distribution and Variation of 30 m Resolution Permafrost in Northeast China from 2003 to 2021 C. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151914610
478. The 28 November 2020 Landslide, Tsunami, and Outburst Flood – A Hazard Cascade Associated With Rapid Deglaciation at Elliot Creek, British Columbia, Canada M. Geertsema et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL096716
479. Megalandslides and deglaciation: modelling of two case studies in the Central Andes S. Sepúlveda et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-023-06067-x
480. Geologic, Geomorphologic, and Climatic Preparatory Conditions for the Evolution of the Dangkhar Landslide, Himachal Pradesh, India M. Kaspar & D. Scott Kieffer https://doi.org/10.1007/s12594-022-2093-z
481. Geophysical-based assessment of hydrological sustenance in inhabited relict rock glaciers of the semi-arid Western Himalaya, India P. Pandey et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181863
482. Sensitivity of ecosystem-protected permafrost under changing boreal forest structures S. Stuenzi et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac153d
483. Analysis of Permafrost Distribution and Change in the Mid-East Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau during 2012–2021 Using the New TLZ Model Z. Zhao & H. Tonooka https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14246350
484. Thermokarst lake susceptibility assessment using machine learning models in permafrost landscapes of the Arctic R. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165709
485. Circumpolar distribution and carbon storage of thermokarst landscapes D. Olefeldt et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms13043
486. Hydrological characterization and connectivity of proglacial lakes to a stream, Adygine ice-debris complex, northern Tien Shan K. Falatkova et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2020.1711913
487. Antarctic permafrost degassing in Taylor Valley by extensive soil gas investigation L. Ruggiero et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161345
488. Permafrost conditions in the Mediterranean region since the Last Glaciation M. Oliva et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2018.06.018
489. Permafrost Probability Mapping at a 30 m Resolution in Arxan Based on Multiple Characteristic Variables and Maximum Entropy Classifier Y. Guo et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/app131910692
490. Brief communication: Reanalyses underperform in cold regions, raising concerns for climate services and research B. Cao & S. Gruber https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-4525-2025
491. Long-term thermal and settlement characteristics of air convection embankments with and without adjacent surface water ponding in permafrost regions Y. Mu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2019.105464
492. Contrasting characteristics, changes, and linkages of permafrost between the Arctic and the Third Pole X. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2022.104042
493. Numerical Analysis of the Influence of Foundation Replacement Materials on the Hydrothermal Variation and Deformation Process of Highway Subgrades in Permafrost Regions W. Shan et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14172642
494. Compiling and Mapping Global Permeability of the Unconsolidated and Consolidated Earth: GLobal HYdrogeology MaPS 2.0 (GLHYMPS 2.0) J. Huscroft et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL075860
495. Dynamic compression properties of a saturated white sandstone under ambient sub-zero temperatures Y. Xu et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-023-01836-1
496. New ground ice maps for Canada using a paleogeographic modelling approach H. O'Neill et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-753-2019
497. Rock glaciers in central Patagonia H. Selley et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/04353676.2018.1525683
498. Evidence of Active Layer Thermal Instability in a Permafrost Environment of the Dry Andes (32°S) A. Bellisario & J. Janke https://doi.org/10.1007/s41748-025-00748-2
499. Experimental investigation on the mechanical properties of thawed deep permafrost from the Kuparuk River Delta of the North Slope of Alaska J. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2022.103482
500. Mapping the Thermal State of Permafrost in Northeast China Based on the Surface Frost Number Model W. Shan et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14133185
501. GlobSim (v1.0): deriving meteorological time series for point locations from multiple global reanalyses B. Cao et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-4661-2019
502. Substantial halogenated organic chemicals stored in permafrost soils on the Tibetan Plateau X. Zhu et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-023-01293-1
503. TopoSUB: a tool for efficient large area numerical modelling in complex topography at sub-grid scales J. Fiddes & S. Gruber https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-5-1245-2012
504. Widespread permafrost vulnerability and soil active layer increases over the high northern latitudes inferred from satellite remote sensing and process model assessments H. Park et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2015.12.046
505. Uncertainties in global permafrost area extent estimates from different methods X. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2025.03.008
506. Implications of a Paris-proof scenario for future supply of weather-dependent variable renewable energy in Europe J. Hu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2023.100134
507. Examples of landslide dams and their stability in the Blanco River basin. Central Andes, San Juan Argentina M. Esper Angillieri et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2022.103946
508. What controls the distribution of post-Little Ice Age landslides around the South Patagonian Icefield? G. Seier et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-025-02681-x
509. Eastern Siberia permafrost transect (ESPT). A first stage: The Verkhoyansk Range part R. Sysolyatin et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-023-7965-1
510. Distribution of carbon and nitrogen along hillslopes in three valleys on Herschel Island, Yukon Territory, Canada J. Ramage et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2019.02.029
511. A new map of permafrost distribution on the Tibetan Plateau D. Zou et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-2527-2017
512. Distribution and characteristics of rock glaciers in the Balkan Peninsula B. Magori et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/04353676.2020.1809905
513. Difference between near-surface air, land surface and ground surface temperatures and their influences on the frozen ground on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau D. Luo et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.09.037
514. Permafrost Degradation and Its Hydrogeological Impacts H. Jin et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14030372
515. Global Distribution of Cryosols with Mountain Permafrost: An Overview J. Bockheim https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.1830
516. Land surface hydrological modelling of the Mackenzie River Basin: Parametrization to simulate streamflow and permafrost dynamics M. Elshamy et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.133134
517. Permafrost thaw and wildfire: Equally important drivers of boreal tree cover changes in the Taiga Plains, Canada M. Helbig et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL067193
518. Quantifying Overestimated Permafrost Extent Driven by Rock Glacier Inventory B. Cao et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL092476
519. Assessment of permafrost distribution maps in the Hindu Kush Himalayan region using rock glaciers mapped in Google Earth M. Schmid et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-2089-2015
520. Modelling the Influence of Vegetation on the Hydrothermal Processes of Frozen Soil in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau H. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15091692
521. A 15-year history of repeated ice-rock avalanches from a single source area in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Q. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-024-02355-0
522. Monitoring glacier evolution and assessing glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) susceptibility in the Bolivian Andes J. MacManaway et al. https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2025.10112
523. Fine‐scale influences on thaw depth in a forested peat plateau landscape in the Northwest Territories, Canada: Vegetation trumps microtopography K. Higgins & M. Garon‐Labrecque https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.1961
524. Expanding cryospheric landform inventories – quantitative approaches for underestimated periglacial block- and talus slopes in the Dry Andes of Argentina T. Köhler et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2025.1534410
525. Seasonal Regime Shift in the Viral Communities of a Permafrost Thaw Lake C. Girard et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12111204
526. The Geomechanics of the Dangkhar Landslide, Himachal Pradesh, India M. Kaspar & D. Kieffer https://doi.org/10.3390/geotechnics4020035
527. Occurrence and Characteristics of Rock Glaciers in Western Tien Shan A. Merekeyev et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/w18030367
528. Simulation of permafrost changes on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, China, over the past three decades X. Xu et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2016.1237571
529. Modelling the temporal dynamics of subarctic surface temperature inversions from atmospheric reanalysis for producing point-scale multi-decade meteorological time series in mountains V. Pozsgay & S. Gruber https://doi.org/10.1139/as-2025-0027
530. Evaluation of soil thermal conductivity schemes incorporated into CLM5.0 in permafrost regions on the Tibetan Plateau S. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2021.115330
531. Permafrost degradation on a warmer Earth: Challenges and perspectives M. Oliva & M. Fritz https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coesh.2018.03.007
532. Simulation of Freeze–Thaw and Melting of Buried Ice in Longbasaba Moraine Dam in the Central Himalayas Between 1959 and 2100 Using COMSOL Multiphysics J. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JF006848
533. The effect of permafrost on time-split soil erosion using radionuclides (137Cs, 239 + 240Pu, meteoric 10Be) and stable isotopes (δ 13C) in the eastern Swiss Alps B. Zollinger et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-014-0881-9
534. Revising supraglacial rock avalanche magnitudes and frequencies in Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska W. Smith et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2023.108591
535. ‘No longer solid’: perceived impacts of permafrost thaw in three Arctic communities J. Ramage et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/1088937X.2022.2105973
536. Le pergélisol dans les vallées de la Clarée et de l’Ubaye (Alpes françaises du sud) : un modèle de distribution spatiale établi à partir des températures d’eau de sources et des facteurs topo-climatiques R. Perrier et al. https://doi.org/10.4000/cybergeo.27656
537. Unraveling rock glaciers in the semi-arid Western Nyainqêntanglha Mountains: Insights from machine learning and Sentinel imagery for hydrological significance Y. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102874
538. Review of Permafrost Degradation in the Mongolian Plateau F. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/land14020383