Articles | Volume 19, issue 12
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-6791-2025
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-6791-2025
Research article
 | 
16 Dec 2025
Research article |  | 16 Dec 2025

Kinetic grain growth in firn induced by meltwater infiltration on the Greenland Ice Sheet

Kirsten L. Gehl, Joel T. Harper, and Neil F. Humphrey

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Cited articles

Adolph, A. C. and Albert, M. R.: Gas diffusivity and permeability through the firn column at Summit, Greenland: measurements and comparison to microstructural properties, The Cryosphere, 8, 319–328, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-319-2014, 2014. 
Akitaya, E.: Studies on Depth Hoar, Contributions from the Institute of Low Temperature Science, 26, 1–67, 1974. 
Albert, M. R., Shuman, C., Courville, Z., Bauer, R., Fahnestock, M., and Scambos, T.: Extreme firn metamorphism: impact of decades of vapor transport on near-surface firn at a low-accumulation glazed site on the East Antarctic plateau, Ann. Glaciol., 39, 73–78, 2004.  
Alley, R. B., Saltzman, E. S., Cuffey, K. M., and Fitzpatrick, J. J.: Summertime formation of Depth Hoar in central Greenland, Geophys. Res. Lett., 17, 2393–2396, 1990. 
Anderson, D. L. and Benson, C. S.: The densification and diagenesisof snow, in: Ice and Snow: Properties, Processes, and Applications, edited by: Kingery, W. D., MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 391–411, 1963. 
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Short summary
The geometric form of snow grains governs snow compaction and the movement of air and water within the snow. We observed unexpectedly thick and deep layers of faceted snow grains in cores drilled along the flanks of the Greenland Ice Sheet. Based on field measurements and modeling, we find that meltwater infiltration and refreezing in the cold snow generates these grains. As more of the ice sheet is affected by melting, subsurface faceting of snow crystals may become increasingly important.
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