Evaluating the utility of Sentinel-1 in a Data Assimilation System for estimating snow depth in a mountainous basin

Mirza, Bareera N.; Small, Eric E.; Raleigh, Mark S.

doi:10.5194/tc-19-6691-2025

Articles | Volume 19, issue 12

https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-6691-2025

© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-6691-2025

© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Articles | Volume 19, issue 12

Research article

|

09 Dec 2025

Research article |

| 09 Dec 2025

Evaluating the utility of Sentinel-1 in a Data Assimilation System for estimating snow depth in a mountainous basin

Bareera N. Mirza, Eric E. Small, and Mark S. Raleigh

Related authors

Using GNSS-based vegetation optical depth, tree sway motion, and eddy covariance to examine evaporation of canopy-intercepted rainfall in a subalpine forest

Sean P. Burns, Vincent Humphrey, Ethan D. Gutmann, Mark S. Raleigh, David R. Bowling, and Peter D. Blanken

Biogeosciences, 22, 5741–5769, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-5741-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-5741-2025, 2025

Short summary

Canopy structure modulates the sensitivity of subalpine forest stands to interannual snowpack and precipitation variability

Max Berkelhammer, Gerald F. M. Page, Frank Zurek, Christopher Still, Mariah S. Carbone, William Talavera, Laura Hildebrand, James Byron, Kyle Inthabandith, Angellica Kucinski, Melissa Carlson, Kelsey Foss, Wendy Brown, Rosemary W. H. Carroll, Austin Simonpietri, Marshall Worsham, Ian Breckheimer, Anna Ryken, Reed Maxwell, David Gochis, Mark S. Raleigh, Eric Small, and Kenneth H. Williams

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 29, 701–718, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-701-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-701-2025, 2025

Short summary

Reanalyzing the spatial representativeness of snow depth at automated monitoring stations using airborne lidar data

Jordan N. Herbert, Mark S. Raleigh, and Eric E. Small

The Cryosphere, 18, 3495–3512, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-3495-2024,https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-3495-2024, 2024

Short summary

Spatially distributed snow depth, bulk density, and snow water equivalent from ground-based and airborne sensor integration at Grand Mesa, Colorado, USA

Tate G. Meehan, Ahmad Hojatimalekshah, Hans-Peter Marshall, Elias J. Deeb, Shad O'Neel, Daniel McGrath, Ryan W. Webb, Randall Bonnell, Mark S. Raleigh, Christopher Hiemstra, and Kelly Elder

The Cryosphere, 18, 3253–3276, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-3253-2024,https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-3253-2024, 2024

Short summary

Landsat, MODIS, and VIIRS snow cover mapping algorithm performance as validated by airborne lidar datasets

Timbo Stillinger, Karl Rittger, Mark S. Raleigh, Alex Michell, Robert E. Davis, and Edward H. Bair

The Cryosphere, 17, 567–590, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-567-2023,https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-567-2023, 2023

Short summary

Cited articles

Aalstad, K., Westermann, S., and Bertino, L.: Evaluating satellite retrieved fractional snow-covered area at a high-Arctic site using terrestrial photography, Remote Sensing of Environment, 239, 111618, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.111618, 2020.

Alonso-González, E., Aalstad, K., Baba, M. W., Revuelto, J., López-Moreno, J. I., Fiddes, J., Essery, R., and Gascoin, S.: The Multiple Snow Data Assimilation System (MuSA v1.0), Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 9127–9155, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-9127-2022, 2022.

Bachand, C. L., Andrews, L. C., Rouf, T., and Girotto, M.: The Utility of Satellite Snow Depth Observations for Downscaling Hydrologic Variables over the Indus Basin Mountain Ranges, Journal of Hydrometeorology, 26, 555–575, https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-24-0131.1, 2025.

Barnett, T. P., Adam, J. C., and Lettenmaier, D. P.: Potential impacts of a warming climate on water availability in snow-dominated regions, Nature, 438, 303–309, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04141, 2005.

Besso, H., Shean, D., and Lundquist, J. D.: Mountain snow depth retrievals from customized processing of ICESat-2 satellite laser altimetry, Remote Sensing of Environment, 300, 113843, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2023.113843, 2024.