Articles | Volume 19, issue 10
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-4125-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.Age, thinning and spatial origin of the Beyond EPICA ice from a 2.5D ice flow model
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- Final revised paper (published on 01 Oct 2025)
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- Preprint (discussion started on 14 Jun 2024)
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Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor
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RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-1650', Anonymous Referee #1, 06 Aug 2024
- AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Ailsa Chung, 14 Mar 2025
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RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-1650', Anonymous Referee #2, 10 Sep 2024
- AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Ailsa Chung, 14 Mar 2025
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AR: Author's response | RR: Referee report | ED: Editor decision | EF: Editorial file upload
ED: Reconsider after major revisions (further review by editor and referees) (06 Apr 2025) by Lei Geng

AR by Ailsa Chung on behalf of the Authors (18 Apr 2025)
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ED: Referee Nomination & Report Request started (25 Apr 2025) by Lei Geng
RR by Anonymous Referee #3 (28 May 2025)

RR by Anonymous Referee #4 (29 May 2025)

ED: Publish subject to minor revisions (review by editor) (30 May 2025) by Lei Geng

AR by Ailsa Chung on behalf of the Authors (11 Jun 2025)
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ED: Publish as is (16 Jun 2025) by Lei Geng
AR by Ailsa Chung on behalf of the Authors (17 Jun 2025)
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This study present a so called 2.5D inverse model for simulating the age–depth relationships along a flow line from Dome C to Little Dome C in Antarctica. This is an important topic in glaciology, e.g., finding a location of an old ice core, which matchs the scope of The Cryosphere. However, I find it is very difficult for me to understand this manuscript, and at some places I feel not much senses to me.
The main reason is that the authors do not even put some basic explanations of their model. I do not undertand why “a full description of the forward model will be available in a separate subsequent article” is possible if they do not make it clear in this paper? For example, Eqn 1 gives the vertical velocity profile, but what does the horizontal ice velocity (flux) look like? Both horizontal and vertical ice velocity are critical in determing the shapes of age-depth profiles. The authors also do not explain basically the inverse model, e.g., what is p_prior and why they need to use a term “mechanical ice thickess” since they have already the observed ice thickness data - this do not make much sense not using the observed data!
Actually, the age-depth modeling is not new. If the authors can dig a bit in past literatures, they can easily find some nice and important papers, like Greve et al. (2002) and Rybak and Huybrechts (2003). Based on ice flow models and the Eulerian or Lagrangian methods, we can determine the age-depth relationships in a more physical way. I do not see the authors even mention these previous work in the Introduction section. I am not sure what the “forward model” is about if they do not use a physical ice flow model. If I am not convinced the velocity field is correct, it is also hard for me to believe the inversed age-depth profiles are correct either. The inverse model is then just an optimization approach to find the numbers that match the radar chronology record, but without much physics inside.
The writings also make me confused often. For example,
L13, “the 2.5D model predicts a basal layer 200–250 m thick at the base of the ice sheet”, what is “basal layer 200-250 thick”?
L68, “There is no direct thermal representation in the forward model as we use an inferred mechanical ice thickness to determine a basal melt rate”, this sentence comes from no where, and has no references and no explanations.
L80: what is the form of “horizontal flux shape function”?
L97: no definitions for p and Hw
L110: What is delta q and delta x?
Table 1: what is the spatial locations for these 19 IRHs?
These kind of major and minor issues make me feel very difficult to read and understand this manuscript. Thus, I suggest the authors take another careful round of modifications and re-submit the manuscript after they add the necessary inputs.
References:
Ralf Greve, Yongqi Wang, and Bernd Mügge. Comparison of numerical schemes for the solution of the advective age equation in ice sheets. Annals of Glaciology, 35:487–494, 2002.
Oleg Rybak and Philippe Huybrechts. A comparison of eulerian and lagrangian methods for dating in numerical ice-sheet models. Annals of Glaciology, 37:150–158, 2003.