Articles | Volume 19, issue 8
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-3009-2025
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-3009-2025
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14 Aug 2025
Research article | Highlight paper |  | 14 Aug 2025

Insights into supraglacial lake drainage dynamics: triangular fracture formation, reactivation and long-lasting englacial features

Angelika Humbert, Veit Helm, Ole Zeising, Niklas Neckel, Matthias H. Braun, Shfaqat Abbas Khan, Martin Rückamp, Holger Steeb, Julia Sohn, Matthias Bohnen, and Ralf Müller

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This paper presents a multi-year, multi-method survey of a very large surface melt feature in Northeast Greenland. The feature includes a supraglacial lake that drains into the englacial and subglacial system of the Nioghalvfjerdsfjorden glacier, adding a volume of up to 1.23 * 10^8 m3 of water to the bed of the glacier. The drainage causes uplift of the local area and likely impacts glacier dynamics by lubricating the base. Notably, the authors argue that this feature has only existed since the 1990s, when increased air temperatures led to enhanced surface melt. In this way, the glacier surface has been transformed from lake-free to undergoing frequent, abrupt drainage
Short summary
We study the evolution of a massive lake on the Greenland Ice Sheet using satellite and airborne data and some modelling. The lake is emptying rapidly. Water flows to the glacier's base through cracks and triangular-shaped moulins that remain visible over the years. Some of them become reactivated. We find features inside the glacier that stem from drainage events with a width of even 1 km. These features are persistent over the years, although they are changing in shape.
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