Articles | Volume 19, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-1789-2025
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-1789-2025
Research article
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08 May 2025
Research article | Highlight paper |  | 08 May 2025

The system of atmosphere, land, ice and ocean in the region near the 79N Glacier in northeast Greenland: synthesis and key findings from the Greenland Ice Sheet–Ocean Interaction (GROCE) experiment

Torsten Kanzow, Angelika Humbert, Thomas Mölg, Mirko Scheinert, Matthias Braun, Hans Burchard, Francesca Doglioni, Philipp Hochreuther, Martin Horwath, Oliver Huhn, Maria Kappelsberger, Jürgen Kusche, Erik Loebel, Katrina Lutz, Ben Marzeion, Rebecca McPherson, Mahdi Mohammadi-Aragh, Marco Möller, Carolyne Pickler, Markus Reinert, Monika Rhein, Martin Rückamp, Janin Schaffer, Muhammad Shafeeque, Sophie Stolzenberger, Ralph Timmermann, Jenny Turton, Claudia Wekerle, and Ole Zeising

Data sets

Gridded rates of ice-mass change in north-east Greenland from a combination of satellite gravimetry and satellite altimetry M. Kappelsberger et al. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.922884

Data product of Greenland glacier calving front locations delineated by deep learning, 2013 to 2021 E. Loebel et al. https://doi.org/10.25532/OPARA-208

NEGIS_WRF_2014-2018 J. Turton https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/53E6Z

COSIPY-WRF Daily SMB output 2014-2018 J. Turton et al. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434259

odeling of Greenland Peripheral Glaciers - Supporting data M. Shafeeque and B. Marzeion https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13842119

Physical oceanography processed data from moorings recovered during PS109 and PS114 on the Northeast Greenland continental shelf [dataset publication series]. Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven J. Schaffer and T. Kanzow https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.909471

Mooring and CTD data at the 79NG calving front R. McPherson and T. Kanzow https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10469656

Physical oceanography measured with CTD/Large volume Watersampler-system during POLARSTERN cruise PS100 (ARK-XXX/2) [dataset]. Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven T. Kanzow et al. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.871025

Physical oceanography during POLARSTERN cruise PS109 (ARK-XXXI/4) [dataset]. Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven T. Kanzow et al. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.885358

Time series of autonomous phase-sensitive radar (ApRES) measurements for basal melt rate estimations at 79°N Glacier [dataset publication series] O. Zeising et al. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.972047

Time series of Lagrangian basal melt rates at 79°N Glacier since 2016 [dataset publication series] O. Zeising et al. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.928903

Output files of the 2DV-model for the 79NG fjord (1.0.0) M. Reinert https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7755908

FESOM2.1 model data used in the paper "Atlantic Water warming increases melt below Northeast Greenland's last floating ice tongue" C. Wekerle https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10421533

Noble gas (He, Ne isotopes) and transient tracer (CFC-11 and CFC-12) measurements from POLARSTERN cruise PS100 (northeast Greenland, 2016) O. Huhn et al. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.931336

FESOM model data used in a study on simulated signatures of Greenland melting in the North Atlantic S. Stolzenberger et al. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6243822

Lowered Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (LADCP) raw data collected during POLARSTERN cruise PS100 [dataset]. Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven W.-J. von Appen et al. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.870995

Lowered Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (LADCP) raw data collected during POLARSTERN cruise PS109 on the Northeast Greenland continental shelf (in autumn 2017) [dataset]. Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerha J. Schaffer et al. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.904021

Temperature-depth logger raw data collected POLARSTERN cruise during PS100 [dataset]. Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven W.-J. von Appen et al. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.870997

Physical oceanography raw data from a RBR concerto CTD deployed in front of Zachariæ Isstrøm during POLARSTERN cruise PS109 (September 2017) [dataset]. Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven J. Schaffer et al. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.904016

Supraglacial lake outlines over Northeast Greenland from 2016 to 2022 using deep learning methods based on Sentinel-2 imagery K. Lutz et al. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.973251

Model code and software

Source code for the coastal ocean model {GETM} (glacial_ice branch) K. Klingbeil https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7741925

Source code for the General Ice shelf water Plume Model (GIPM) M. Mohammadi-Aragh and H. Burchard https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13831226

Setup files of the {2DV}-model for the 79NG fjord M. Reinert https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7755753

Continental scale, high order, high spatial resolution, ice sheet modeling using the Ice Sheet System Model (https://issm.jpl.nasa.gov/) E. Larour et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JF002140

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Co-editor-in-chief
The Northeast Greenland is one of the most remote and inaccessible areas in the world. This study presents a comprehensive overview of numerous observations from the region as well as results from numerical model simulations. The results highlight the dynamics of Greenland's largest marine-terminating glacier, revealing key differences between the two neighbouring glacier outlets. The authors also discuss the impact of glacier melt on the ocean, including the potential impact on the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation - a key topic of concern in the community and the general public.
Short summary
The Greenland Ice Sheet represents the second-largest contributor to global sea-level rise. We quantify atmosphere, ice and ocean processes related to the mass balance of glaciers in northeast Greenland, focusing on Greenland’s largest floating ice tongue, the 79° N Glacier. We find that together, the different in situ and remote sensing observations and model simulations reveal a consistent picture of a coupled atmosphere–ice sheet–ocean system that has entered a phase of major change.
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