Articles | Volume 18, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-4137-2024
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-4137-2024
Research article
 | 
12 Sep 2024
Research article |  | 12 Sep 2024

Assessing sea ice microwave emissivity up to submillimeter waves from airborne and satellite observations

Nils Risse, Mario Mech, Catherine Prigent, Gunnar Spreen, and Susanne Crewell

Data sets

Sea ice microwave emissivity observed from the Polar 5 aircraft during the airborne field campaigns ACLOUD and AFLUX Nils Risse et al. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.965569

Airborne radar reflectivity and brightness temperature measurements with POLAR 5 during ACLOUD in May and June 2017 L.-L. Kliesch and M. Mech https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.899565

Radar reflectivities at 94 GHz and microwave brightness temperature measurements at 89 GHz during the AFLUX Arctic airborne campaign in spring 2019 out of Svalbard M. Mech et al. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.944506

Microwave brightness temperature measurements during the ACLOUD Arctic airborne campaign in early summer 2017 out of Svalbard M. Mech et al. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.944070

Microwave brightness temperature measurements during the AFLUX Arctic airborne campaign in spring 2019 out of Svalbard M. Mech et al. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.944057

Radiance fields of clouds and the Arctic surface measured by a digital camera during ACLOUD 2017 Evelyn Jäkel and André Ehrlich https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.901024

Aircraft measurements of broadband irradiance during the ACLOUD campaign in 2017 J. Stapf et al. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.900442

Aircraft measurements of broadband irradiance during the {AFLUX} campaign in 2019 J. Stapf et al. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.932020

Meteorological measurements by dropsondes released from POLAR 5 during ACLOUD 2017 A. Ehrlich et al. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.900204

Meteorological measurements by dropsondes released from POLAR 5 during SORPIC 2010 Sebastian Becker et al. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.922004

1 Hz resolution aircraft measurements of wind and temperature during the ACLOUD campaign in 2017 J. Hartmann et al. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.902849

High resolution aircraft measurements of wind and temperature during the AFLUX campaign in 2019 C. Lüpkes et al. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.945844

igh resolution radiosonde measurements from station Ny-Ålesund (2017-04 et seq) M. Maturilli https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.914973

Kartdata Svalbard 1:100 000 (S100 Kartdata)/Map Data Norwegian Polar Institute https://doi.org/10.21334/npolar.2014.645336c7

GPM SSMIS on F16 Common Calibrated Brightness Temperatures L1C 1.5 hours 12 km V07 W. Berg https://doi.org/10.5067/GPM/SSMIS/F16/1C/07

GPM SSMIS on F17 Common Calibrated Brightness Temperatures L1C 1.5 hours 12 km V07 W. Berg https://doi.org/10.5067/GPM/SSMIS/F17/1C/07

GPM SSMIS on F17 Common Calibrated Brightness Temperatures L1C 1.5 hours 12 km V07 W. Berg https://doi.org/10.5067/GPM/SSMIS/F17/1C/07

GPM SSMIS on F18 Common Calibrated Brightness Temperatures L1C 1.5 hours 12 km V07 W. Berg https://doi.org/10.5067/GPM/SSMIS/F18/1C/07

GPM AMSR-2 on GCOM-W1 Common Calibrated Brightness Temperature L1C 1.5 hours 10 km V07 W. Berg https://doi.org/10.5067/GPM/AMSR2/GCOMW1/1C/07

GPM MHS on METOP-A Common Calibrated Brightness Temperature L1C 1.5 hours 17 km V07 W. Berg https://doi.org/10.5067/GPM/MHS/METOPA/1C/07

GPM MHS on METOP-B Common Calibrated Brightness Temperature L1C 1.5 hours 17 km V07 W. Berg https://doi.org/10.5067/GPM/MHS/METOPB/1C/07

GPM MHS on METOP-C Common Calibrated Brightness Temperature L1C 1.5 hours 17 km V07 W. Berg https://doi.org/10.5067/GPM/MHS/METOPC/1C/07

GPM MHS on NOAA-18 Common Calibrated Brightness Temperature L1C 1.5 hours 17 km V07 W. Berg https://doi.org/10.5067/GPM/MHS/NOAA18/1C/07

GPM MHS on NOAA-19 Common Calibrated Brightness Temperatures L1C 1.5 hours 17 km V07 W. Berg https://doi.org/10.5067/GPM/MHS/NOAA19/1C/07

GPM ATMS on SUOMI-NPP Common Calibrated Brightness Temperature L1C 1.5 hours 16 km V07 W. Berg https://doi.org/10.5067/GPM/ATMS/NPP/1C/07

GPM ATMS on NOAA-20 Common Calibrated Brightness Temperatures L1C 1.5 hours 17 km V07 W. Berg https://doi.org/10.5067/GPM/ATMS/NOAA20/1C/07

Arctic Ocean - Sea and Ice Surface Temperature REPROCESSED Copernicus Marine Service https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00123

Sea ice remote sensing using AMSR-E 89-GHz channels (https://data.seaice.uni-bremen.de/) G. Spreen et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JC003384

IUP Multiyear Ice Concentration and other sea ice types, Version 1.1 (Arctic)/Version AQ2 (Antarctic) User Guide C. Melsheimer and G. Spreen https://data.seaice.uni-bremen.de/MultiYearIce/MYIuserguide.pdf

Copernicus Sentinel-2 (processed by ESA) MSI Level-2A BOA Reflectance Product European Space Agency https://doi.org/10.5270/S2_-znk9xsj

Pass band data for MW coefficient files NWP SAF https://nwp-saf.eumetsat.int/site/software/rttov/download/coefficients/spectral-response-functions/

Polar Pathfinder Daily 25 km EASE-Grid Sea Ice Motion Vectors, Version 4 M. Tschudi et al. https://doi.org/10.5067/INAWUWO7QH7B

NASA Worldview NASA ESDIS https://worldview.earthdata.nasa.gov

Model code and software

nrisse/si-emis: Code related to: Assessing the sea ice microwave emissivity up to submillimeter waves from airborne and satellite observations (1.0.1) Nils Risse https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11535477

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Short summary
Passive microwave observations from satellites are crucial for monitoring Arctic sea ice and atmosphere. To do this effectively, it is important to understand how sea ice emits microwaves. Through unique Arctic sea ice observations, we improved our understanding, identified four distinct emission types, and expanded current knowledge to include higher frequencies. These findings will enhance our ability to monitor the Arctic climate and provide valuable information for new satellite missions.