The Cryosphere
The Cryosphere
TC
Articles | Volume 16, issue 12
Articles | Volume 16, issue 12
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-4779-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-4779-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 16, issue 12
Research article
 | 
05 Dec 2022
Research article |  | 05 Dec 2022

Changes in the annual sea ice freeze–thaw cycle in the Arctic Ocean from 2001 to 2018

Long Lin, Ruibo Lei, Mario Hoppmann, Donald K. Perovich, and Hailun He

Supplement

https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-4779-2022-supplement

Data sets

Observing and understanding climate change: Monitoring the mass balance D. Perovich, J. Richter-Menge, and C. Polashenski http://imb-crrel-dartmouth.org/archived-data/

Data Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution https://www2.whoi.edu/site/itp/data/

Arctic sea ice melt onset, freeze-up, and melt season length (https://earth.gsfc.nasa.gov/cryo/data/arctic-sea-ice-melt) Thorsten Markus, Julienne C. Stroeve, and Jeffrey Miller https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JC005436

Sea ice remote sensing using AMSR-E 89-GHz channels (https://seaice.uni-bremen.de/data/) G. Spreen, L. Kaleschke, and G. Heygster https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JC003384

ERA5 Reanalysis (0.25 Degree Latitude-Longitude Grid) European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) https://doi.org/10.5065/BH6N-5N20

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Short summary
Ice mass balance observations indicated that average basal melt onset was comparable in the central Arctic Ocean and approximately 17 d earlier than surface melt in the Beaufort Gyre. The average onset of basal growth lagged behind the surface of the pan-Arctic Ocean for almost 3 months. In the Beaufort Gyre, both drifting-buoy observations and fixed-point observations exhibit a trend towards earlier basal melt onset, which can be ascribed to the earlier warming of the surface ocean.
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