Articles | Volume 16, issue 8
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3163-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3163-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
05 Aug 2022
Research article |
| 05 Aug 2022
| 05 Aug 2022
Multi-annual temperature evolution and implications for cave ice development in a sag-type ice cave in the Austrian Alps
Department of Atmospheric and Cryospheric Sciences, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
Institute of Geology, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
Friedrich Obleitner
Department of Atmospheric and Cryospheric Sciences, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
Tanguy Racine
Institute of Geology, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
Christoph Spötl
Institute of Geology, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
Related authors
No articles found.
Juan Luis Bernal-Wormull, Ana Moreno, Yuri Dublyansky, Christoph Spötl, Reyes Giménez, Carlos Pérez-Mejías, Miguel Bartolomé, Martin Arriolabengoa, Eneko Iriarte, Isabel Cacho, Richard Lawrence Edwards, and Hai Cheng
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3612, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3612, 2024
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Climate of the Past (CP).
Short summary
Short summary
We present in this manuscript a record of temperature changes during the last deglaciation and the Holocene using isotopes of fluid inclusions in stalagmites from the northeastern region of the Iberian Peninsula. This innovative climate proxy for this study region provides a quantitative understanding of the abrupt temperature changes in southern Europe of the last 16500 years before present.
Alexander H. Jarosch, Paul Hofer, and Christoph Spötl
The Cryosphere, 18, 4811–4816, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-4811-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-4811-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Mechanical damage to stalagmites is commonly observed in mid-latitude caves. In this study we investigate ice flow along the cave bed as a possible mechanism for stalagmite damage. Utilizing models which simulate forces created by ice flow, we study the structural integrity of different stalagmite geometries. Our results suggest that structural failure of stalagmites caused by ice flow is possible, albeit unlikely.
Miguel Bartolomé, Ana Moreno, Carlos Sancho, Isabel Cacho, Heather Stoll, Negar Haghipour, Ánchel Belmonte, Christoph Spötl, John Hellstrom, R. Lawrence Edwards, and Hai Cheng
Clim. Past, 20, 467–494, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-467-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-467-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Reconstructing past temperatures at regional scales during the Common Era is necessary to place the current warming in the context of natural climate variability. We present a climate reconstruction based on eight stalagmites from four caves in the Pyrenees, NE Spain. These stalagmites were dated precisely and analysed for their oxygen isotopes, which appear dominated by temperature changes. Solar variability and major volcanic eruptions are the two main drivers of observed climate variability.
Anika Donner, Paul Töchterle, Christoph Spötl, Irka Hajdas, Xianglei Li, R. Lawrence Edwards, and Gina E. Moseley
Clim. Past, 19, 1607–1621, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1607-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1607-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the first finding of fine-grained cryogenic cave minerals in Greenland, a type of speleothem that has been notably difficult to date. We present a successful approach for determining the age of these minerals using 230Th / U disequilibrium and 14C dating. We relate the formation of the cryogenic cave minerals to a well-documented extreme weather event in 1889 CE. Additionally, we provide a detailed report on the mineralogical and isotopic composition of these minerals.
Charlotte Honiat, Gabriella Koltai, Yuri Dublyansky, R. Lawrence Edwards, Haiwei Zhang, Hai Cheng, and Christoph Spötl
Clim. Past, 19, 1177–1199, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1177-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1177-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A look at the climate evolution during the last warm period may allow us to test ground for future climate conditions. We quantified the temperature evolution during the Last Interglacial using a tiny amount of water trapped in the crystals of precisely dated stalagmites in caves from the southeastern European Alps. Our record indicates temperatures up to 2 °C warmer than today and an unstable climate during the first half of the Last Interglacial.
Miguel Bartolomé, Gérard Cazenave, Marc Luetscher, Christoph Spötl, Fernando Gázquez, Ánchel Belmonte, Alexandra V. Turchyn, Juan Ignacio López-Moreno, and Ana Moreno
The Cryosphere, 17, 477–497, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-477-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-477-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this work we study the microclimate and the geomorphological features of Devaux ice cave in the Central Pyrenees. The research is based on cave monitoring, geomorphology, and geochemical analyses. We infer two different thermal regimes. The cave is impacted by flooding in late winter/early spring when the main outlets freeze, damming the water inside. Rock temperatures below 0°C and the absence of drip water indicate frozen rock, while relict ice formations record past damming events.
Paul Töchterle, Simon D. Steidle, R. Lawrence Edwards, Yuri Dublyansky, Christoph Spötl, Xianglei Li, John Gunn, and Gina E. Moseley
Geochronology, 4, 617–627, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-617-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-617-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Cryogenic cave carbonates (CCCs) provide a marker for past permafrost conditions. Their formation age is determined by Th / U dating. However, samples can be contaminated with small amounts of Th at formation, which can cause inaccurate ages and require correction. We analysed multiple CCCs and found that varying degrees of contamination can cause an apparent spread of ages, when samples actually formed within distinguishable freezing events. A correction method using isochrons is presented.
Jan Pfeiffer, Thomas Zieher, Jan Schmieder, Thom Bogaard, Martin Rutzinger, and Christoph Spötl
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 2219–2237, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-2219-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-2219-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The activity of slow-moving deep-seated landslides is commonly governed by pore pressure variations within the shear zone. Groundwater recharge as a consequence of precipitation therefore is a process regulating the activity of landslides. In this context, we present a highly automated geo-statistical approach to spatially assess groundwater recharge controlling the velocity of a deep-seated landslide in Tyrol, Austria.
Caroline Welte, Jens Fohlmeister, Melina Wertnik, Lukas Wacker, Bodo Hattendorf, Timothy I. Eglinton, and Christoph Spötl
Clim. Past, 17, 2165–2177, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2165-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2165-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Stalagmites are valuable climate archives, but unlike other proxies the use of stable carbon isotopes (δ13C) is still difficult. A stalagmite from the Austrian Alps was analyzed using a new laser ablation method for fast radiocarbon (14C) analysis. This allowed 14C and δ13C to be combined, showing that besides soil and bedrock a third source is contributing during periods of warm, wet climate: old organic matter.
Kathleen A. Wendt, Xianglei Li, R. Lawrence Edwards, Hai Cheng, and Christoph Spötl
Clim. Past, 17, 1443–1454, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1443-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1443-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we tested the upper limits of U–Th dating precision by analyzing three stalagmites from the Austrian Alps that have high U concentrations. The composite record spans the penultimate interglacial (MIS 7) with an average 2σ age uncertainty of 400 years. This unprecedented age control allows us to constrain the timing of temperature shifts in the Alps during MIS 7 while offering new insight into millennial-scale changes in the North Atlantic leading up to Terminations III and IIIa.
Gabriella Koltai, Christoph Spötl, Alexander H. Jarosch, and Hai Cheng
Clim. Past, 17, 775–789, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-775-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-775-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This paper utilises a novel palaeoclimate archive from caves, cryogenic cave carbonates, which allow for precisely constraining permafrost thawing events in the past. Our study provides new insights into the climate of the Younger Dryas (12 800 to 11 700 years BP) in mid-Europe from the perspective of a high-elevation cave sensitive to permafrost development. We quantify seasonal temperature and precipitation changes by using a heat conduction model.
Xianglei Li, Kathleen A. Wendt, Yuri Dublyansky, Gina E. Moseley, Christoph Spötl, and R. Lawrence Edwards
Geochronology, 3, 49–58, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-3-49-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-3-49-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we built a statistical model to determine the initial δ234U in submerged calcite crusts that coat the walls of Devils Hole 2 (DH2) cave (Nevada, USA) and, using a 234U–238U dating method, extended the chronology of the calcite deposition beyond previous well-established 230Th ages and determined the oldest calcite deposited in this cave, a time marker for cave genesis. The novel method presented here may be used in future speleothem studies in similar hydrogeological settings.
Haiwei Zhang, Hai Cheng, Yanjun Cai, Christoph Spötl, Ashish Sinha, Gayatri Kathayat, and Hanying Li
Clim. Past, 16, 211–225, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-211-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-211-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Few studies have paid attention to the important effect of nonsummer monsoon (NSM) precipitation on the speleothem δ18O in SE China. We find the summer monsoon precipitation is equivalent to NSM precipitation amount in the area of spring persistent rain in SE China, and we discuss the relationships between seasonal precipitation amount, moisture source, δ18O, and ENSO. Characterizing the spatial differences in seasonal precipitation is key to interpreting the speleothem δ18O record.
Gina E. Moseley, Christoph Spötl, Susanne Brandstätter, Tobias Erhardt, Marc Luetscher, and R. Lawrence Edwards
Clim. Past, 16, 29–50, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-29-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-29-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Abrupt climate change during the last ice age can be used to provide important insights into the timescales on which the climate is capable of changing and the mechanisms that drive those changes. In this study, we construct climate records for the period 60 to 120 ka using stalagmites that formed in caves along the northern rim of the European Alps and find good agreement with the timing of climate changes in Greenland and the Asian monsoon.
Mike Rogerson, Yuri Dublyansky, Dirk L. Hoffmann, Marc Luetscher, Paul Töchterle, and Christoph Spötl
Clim. Past, 15, 1757–1769, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1757-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1757-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Rainfall in North Africa is known to vary through time and is likely to change as global climate warms. Here, we provide a new level of understanding about past rainfall in North Africa by looking at a stalagmite which formed within northeastern Libya between 67 and 30 thousand years ago. We find that at times more rain falls, and the associated moisture is mostly derived from the western Mediterranean during winter storms. Sometimes, water comes from the eastern Mediterranean.
Hans-Werner Jacobi, Friedrich Obleitner, Sophie Da Costa, Patrick Ginot, Konstantinos Eleftheriadis, Wenche Aas, and Marco Zanatta
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 10361–10377, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-10361-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-10361-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
By combining atmospheric, precipitation, and snow measurements with snowpack simulations for a high Arctic site in Svalbard, we find that during wintertime the transfer of sea salt components to the snowpack was largely dominated by wet deposition. However, dry deposition contributed significantly for nitrate, non-sea-salt sulfate, and black carbon. The comparison of monthly deposition and snow budgets indicates an important redistribution of the impurities in the snowpack even during winter.
Hanying Li, Hai Cheng, Ashish Sinha, Gayatri Kathayat, Christoph Spötl, Aurèle Anquetil André, Arnaud Meunier, Jayant Biswas, Pengzhen Duan, Youfeng Ning, and Richard Lawrence Edwards
Clim. Past, 14, 1881–1891, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1881-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1881-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The
4.2 ka eventbetween 4.2 and 3.9 ka has been widely discussed in the Northern Hemsiphere but less reported in the Southern Hemisphere. Here, we use speleothem records from Rodrigues in the southwestern Indian Ocean spanning from 6000 to 3000 years ago to investigate the regional hydro-climatic variability. Our records show no evidence for an unusual climate anomaly between 4.2 and 3.9 ka. Instead, it shows a multi-centennial drought between 3.9 and 3.5 ka.
Haiwei Zhang, Hai Cheng, Yanjun Cai, Christoph Spötl, Gayatri Kathayat, Ashish Sinha, R. Lawrence Edwards, and Liangcheng Tan
Clim. Past, 14, 1805–1817, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1805-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1805-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The collapses of several Neolithic cultures in China are considered to have been associated with abrupt climate change during the 4.2 ka BP event; however, the hydroclimate of this event in China is still poorly known. Based on stalagmite records from monsoonal China, we found that north China was dry but south China was wet during this event. We propose that the rain belt remained longer at its southern position, giving rise to a pronounced humidity gradient between north and south China.
Gabriella Koltai, Hai Cheng, and Christoph Spötl
Clim. Past, 14, 369–381, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-369-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-369-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Here we present a multi-proxy study of flowstones in fractures of crystalline rocks with the aim of assessing the palaeoclimate significance of this new type of speleothem archive. Our results indicate a high degree of spatial heterogeneity, whereby changes in speleothem mineralogy and carbon isotope composition are likely governed by aquifer-internal processes. In contrast, the oxygen isotope composition reflects first-order climate variability.
Marc Olefs, Dietmar J. Baumgartner, Friedrich Obleitner, Christoph Bichler, Ulrich Foelsche, Helga Pietsch, Harald E. Rieder, Philipp Weihs, Florian Geyer, Thomas Haiden, and Wolfgang Schöner
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 1513–1531, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-1513-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-1513-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We present the Austrian RADiation monitoring network (ARAD) that has been established to advance national climate monitoring and to support satellite retrieval, atmospheric modeling and solar energy techniques' development. Measurements cover the downwelling solar and thermal infrared radiation using instruments according to Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) standards. The paper outlines the aims and scopes of ARAD, its measurement and calibration standards, methods and strategies.
T. Sauter and F. Obleitner
Geosci. Model Dev., 8, 3911–3928, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-3911-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-3911-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Even small errors in observational data can have a profound effect on snowpack simulations, which dilutes our confidence in the results. This paper aims at quantification of the overall contributions of these errors on the uncertainty of snowpack simulations in Arctic environments. The analysis demonstrates that the uncertainties in the data can have a profound impact on glacier mass balance estimates.
C. Spötl and H. Cheng
Clim. Past, 10, 1349–1362, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1349-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1349-2014, 2014
M. Luetscher, M. Borreguero, G. E. Moseley, C. Spötl, and R. L. Edwards
The Cryosphere, 7, 1073–1081, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-1073-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-1073-2013, 2013
V. E. Johnston, A. Borsato, C. Spötl, S. Frisia, and R. Miorandi
Clim. Past, 9, 99–118, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-99-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-99-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Discipline: Other | Subject: Atmospheric Interactions
Brief communication: Significant biases in ERA5 output for the McMurdo Dry Valleys region, Antarctica
The influence of föhn winds on annual and seasonal surface melt on the Larsen C Ice Shelf, Antarctica
Ricardo Garza-Girón and Slawek M. Tulaczyk
The Cryosphere, 18, 1207–1213, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-1207-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-1207-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
By analyzing temperature time series over more than 20 years, we have found a discrepancy between the 2 m temperature values reported by the ERA5 reanalysis and the automatic weather stations in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica.
Jenny V. Turton, Amélie Kirchgaessner, Andrew N. Ross, John C. King, and Peter Kuipers Munneke
The Cryosphere, 14, 4165–4180, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4165-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4165-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Föhn winds are warm and dry downslope winds in the lee of a mountain range, such as the Antarctic Peninsula. Föhn winds heat the ice of the Larsen C Ice Shelf at the base of the mountains and promote more melting than during non-föhn periods in spring, summer and autumn in both model output and observations. Especially in spring, when they are most frequent, föhn winds can extend the melt season by over a month and cause a similar magnitude of melting to that observed in summer.
Cited articles
Belmonte-Ribas, Á., Sancho, C., Moreno, A., Lopez-Martinez, J., and
Bartolome, M.: Present-day environmental dynamics in ice cave A294, central
Pyrenees, Spain, Geografia Fisica e Dinamica Quaternaria, 37, 131–140,
https://doi.org/10.4461/GFDQ.2014.37.12, 2014. a
Bergmann, L. and Schaefer, C.: Bergmann ⋅ Schaefer
Lehrbuch der Experimentalphysik, De Gruyter, Berlin,
https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110198027, 2001. a
Bertozzi, B., Pulvirenti, B., Colucci, R. R., and Di Sabatino, S.: On the
interactions between airflow and ice melting in ice caves: A novel
methodology based on computational fluid dynamics modeling, Sci.
Total Environ., 669, 322–332, 2019. a
Bögli, A.: Karst hydrology and physical speleology, Springer, Berlin,
1980. a
Braithwaite, R. J.: Calculation of degree-days for glacier-climate research.,
Zeitschrift für Gletscherkd. Glazialgeol., 20, 1–8, 1984. a
Braithwaite, R. J.: Positive degree-day factors for ablation on the Greenland
ice sheet studied by energy-balance modelling, J. Glaciol., 41,
153–160, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022143000017846, 1995. a
Colucci, R. R. and Guglielmin, M.: Climate change and rapid ice melt:
Suggestions from abrupt permafrost degradation and ice melting in an alpine
ice cave, Prog. Phys. Geogr., 43, 561–573,
https://doi.org/10.1177/0309133319846056, 2019. a
Colucci, R. R., Fontana, D., Forte, E., Potleca, M., and Guglielmin, M.:
Response of ice caves to weather extremes in the southeastern Alps, Europe,
Geomorphology, 261, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.02.017, 2016. a
de Freitas, C. R., Littlejohn, R. N., Clarkson, T. S., and Kristament, I.:
Cave climate: assessment of airflow and ventilation, J.
Climatol., 2, 383–397, 1982. a
Faimon, J. and Lang, M.: Variances in airflows during different ventilation
modes in a dynamic U-shaped cave, Int. J. Speleol., 42,
115–122, https://doi.org/10.5038/1827-806X.42.2.3, 2013. a
Gradziński, M., Hercman, H., Peresviet-Soltan, A., Zelinka, J., and
Jelonek, M.: Radiocarbon dating of fossil bats from Dobšina ice cave
(Slovakia) and potential palaeoclimatic implications, Ann. Soc.
Geol. Pol., 86, 341–350, https://doi.org/10.14241/asgp.2016.016, 2016. a
Hock, R.: Temperature index melt modelling in mountain areas, Journal of
Hydrology, 282, 104–115, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(03)00257-9, 2003. a, b, c
Hunter, J. D.: Matplotlib: A 2D graphics environment, Comput. Sci.
Eng., 9, 90–95, https://doi.org/10.1109/MCSE.2007.55, 2007. a
Hussain, M. and Mahmud, I.: pyMannKendall: a python package for non parametric
Mann Kendall family of trend tests., J. Open Source Softw., 4,
1556, https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.01556, 2019. a
Kern, Z. and Perşoiu, A.: Cave ice - the imminent loss of untapped
mid-latitude cryospheric palaeoenvironmental archives, Quaternary Sci.
Rev., 67, 1–7, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.01.008, 2013. a, b
Kern, Z. and Thomas, S.: Ice level changes from seasonal to decadal
time-scales observed in lava tubes, Lava Beds National Monument, NE
California, USA, Geografia Fisica e Dinamica Quaternaria, 37, 151–162,
https://doi.org/10.4461/GFDQ.2014.37.14, 2014. a
Kuhn, M., Dreiseitl, E., Hofinger, S., Markl, G., Span, N., and Kaser, G.:
Measurements and models of the mass balance of Hintereisferner, Geografiska
Annaler, Ser. A, 81, 659–670,
https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0459.00094, 1999. a, b
Lang, H. and Braun, L.: On the information content of air temperature in the
context of snow melt estimation, IAHS Publ., 190, 347–354, 1990. a
Luetscher, M.: Processes in ice caves and their significance for
paleoenvironmental reconstructions, PhD thesis, University of Zurich,
https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-163383, 2005. a, b
Luetscher, M., Bolius, D., Schwikowski, M., Schotterer, U., and Smart, P. L.:
Comparison of techniques for dating of subsurface ice from Monlesi ice cave,
Switzerland, J. Glaciol., 53, 374–384,
https://doi.org/10.3189/002214307783258503, 2007. a
Luetscher, M., Lismonde, B., and Jeannin, P. Y.: Heat exchanges in the
heterothermic zone of a karst system: Monlesi cave, Swiss Jura Mountains,
J. Geophys. Res., 113, 1–13, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JF000892,
2008. a, b
Mann, H. B.: Nonparametric Tests Against Trend, Econometrica, 13, 245–259,
https://doi.org/10.2307/1907187, 1945. a
May, B., Spötl, C., Wagenbach, D., Dublyansky, Y., and Liebl, J.: First investigations of an ice core from Eisriesenwelt cave (Austria), The Cryosphere, 5, 81–93, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-5-81-2011, 2011. a
Meyer, C., Meyer, U., Pflitsch, A., and Maggi, V.: Analyzing airflow in static ice caves by using the calcFLOW method, The Cryosphere, 10, 879–894, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-879-2016, 2016. a, b
Munroe, J. S.: First investigation of perennial ice in Winter Wonderland Cave, Uinta Mountains, Utah, USA, The Cryosphere, 15, 863–881, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-863-2021, 2021. a, b
Obleitner, F. and Spötl, C.: The mass and energy balance of ice within the Eisriesenwelt cave, Austria, The Cryosphere, 5, 245–257, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-5-245-2011, 2011. a, b
Ohmura, A.: Physical basis for the temperature-based melt-index method,
J. Appl. Meteorol., 40, 753–761,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(2001)040<0753:PBFTTB>2.0.CO;2, 2001. a
Perşoiu, A.: Ice Caves Climate, in: Ice Caves, edited by Perşoiu,
A. and Lauritzen, S.-E., Elsevier, 21–31,
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-811739-2.00003-6, 2018. a
Perşoiu, A., Onac, B. P., and Perşoiu, I.: The interplay between
air temperature and ice mass balance changes in Scǎrişoara ice cave,
Romania, Acta Carsologica, 40, 445–456, https://doi.org/10.3986/ac.v40i3.4, 2011. a
Perşoiu, A., Buzjak, N., Onaca, A., Pennos, C., Sotiriadis, Y., Ionita, M., Zachariadis, S., Styllas, M., Kosutnik, J., Hegyi, A., and Butorac, V.: Record summer rains in 2019 led to massive loss of surface and cave ice in SE Europe, The Cryosphere, 15, 2383–2399, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-2383-2021, 2021. a, b
Perşoiu, A.: Evidence of basal melting of the ice block from Scărişoara Ice
Cave, in: Glacier Caves and Glacial Karst in High Mountains and Polar
Regions, edited by: Mavlyudov, B., 109–112, Institute of Geography of the
Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, ISBN 9785896580287, 2005. a
Racine, T. M., Spötl, C., Reimer, P. J., and Čarga, J.:
Radiocarbon constraints on periods of positive cave ice mass balance during
the last millennium, Julian Alps (NW Slovenia), Radiocarbon, 64, 333–356,
https://doi.org/10.1017/RDC.2022.26, 2022. a
Racovita, G. and Onac, B. P.: Scǎrişoara Glacier Cave, Monographic study,
Carpatica, Cluj-Napoca, edited by: Onac, I., Bogdan Petroniu Editura Carpatica, ISBN 973-98752-1-1, 2000. a
Saar, R.: Eishöhlen. Ein Meteorologisch-geophysikalisches Phänomen
(Untersuchungen an der Rieseneishöhle (R. E. H.) im Dachstein,
Oberösterreich, Geografiska Annaler, 38, 1–63, 1956. a
Schöner, W., Weyss, G., and Mursch-Radlgruber, E.: Linkage of cave-ice changes to weather patterns inside and outside the cave Eisriesenwelt (Tennengebirge, Austria), The Cryosphere, 5, 603–616, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-5-603-2011, 2011. a
Seabold, S. and Perktold, J.: statsmodels: Econometric and statistical modeling
with python, in: 9th Python in Science Conference, 28 June–3 July 2010, Austin, Texas,
edited by: van der Walt, S. and Millman, J., 92–96,
https://doi.org/10.25080/Majora-92bf1922-011, 2010. a
Securo, A., Forte, E., Martinucci, D., Pillon, S., and Colucci, R. R.:
Long-term mass-balance monitoring and evolution of ice in caves through
structure from motion–multi-view stereo and ground-penetrating radar
techniques, Prog. Phys. Geogr.-Earth and Environment, 0, 1–19,
https://doi.org/10.1177/03091333211065123, 2022. a
Spötl, C.: Die Entdeckungsgeschichte und der ursprüngliche Zustand
der Hundsalm Eis- und Tropfsteinhöhle, Höhlenkundliche
Mitteilungen des Landesvereins für Höhlenkunde in Tirol, 65,
22–33, 2013. a
Spötl, C.: Aktuelle Wachstumsdynamik der Eisstalagmiten in der Hundsalm
Eis- und Tropfsteinhöhle (Tirol), Die Höhle, 69, 84–89, 2018. a
The pandas development team: pandas-dev/pandas: Pandas, Zenodo [code],
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3509134, 2020. a
Tulis, J. and Novotný, L.: Changes of glaciation in the
Dobšinská Ice Cave, Aragonit, 8, 7–9, 2003. a
Waskom, M. L.: seaborn: statistical data visualization, J. Open Source
Softw., 6, 3021, https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.03021, 2021. a
Wimmer, M.: Eis- und Lufttemperaturmessungen im Schönberg-Höhlensystem
(1626/300) und Modellvorstellungen über den Eiszyklus, Die Höhle, 59,
13–25, 2008. a
Yang, S. and Shi, Y.: Numerical simulation of formation and preservation of Ningwu ice cave, Shanxi, China, The Cryosphere, 9, 1983–1993, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-1983-2015, 2015. a
Short summary
We present a thorough analysis of the thermal conditions of a sag-type ice cave in the Austrian Alps using temperature measurements for the period 2008–2021. Apart from a long-term increasing temperature trend in all parts of the cave, we find strong interannual and spatial variations as well as a characteristic seasonal pattern. Increasing temperatures further led to a drastic decrease in cave ice. A first attempt to model ablation based on temperature shows promising results.
We present a thorough analysis of the thermal conditions of a sag-type ice cave in the Austrian...
