Articles | Volume 15, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1845-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1845-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
14 Apr 2021
Research article |
| 14 Apr 2021
| 14 Apr 2021
Spatially and temporally resolved ice loss in High Mountain Asia and the Gulf of Alaska observed by CryoSat-2 swath altimetry between 2010 and 2019
Earthwave Ltd, Edinburgh, EH9 3HJ, UK
Noel Gourmelen
Earthwave Ltd, Edinburgh, EH9 3HJ, UK
School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XP,
UK
IPGS UMR 7516, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg,
67000, France
Martin Ewart
Earthwave Ltd, Edinburgh, EH9 3HJ, UK
Stephen Plummer
European Space Agency, ESA-ESTEC, Noordwijk, 2201 AZ, the Netherlands
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- A Bibliometric and Visualized Analysis of Remote Sensing Methods for Glacier Mass Balance Research A. Yu et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15051425
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- Quantifying the impact of X-band InSAR penetration bias on elevation change and mass balance estimation S. Abdullahi et al. https://doi.org/10.1017/aog.2024.7
- How to handle glacier area change in geodetic mass balance C. Florentine et al. https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2023.86
- Mass Balance of Maritime Glaciers in the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau during Recent Decades X. Lyu et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16167118
- Post-Little Ice Age glacial lake evolution in Svalbard: inventory of lake changes and lake types I. Wieczorek et al. https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2023.34
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- North Atlantic Ocean natural variability drives glacier mass loss over the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau M. Zhou et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02851-8
- Glacier projections sensitivity to temperature-index model choices and calibration strategies L. Schuster et al. https://doi.org/10.1017/aog.2023.57
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- Seasonal Cycles of High Mountain Asia Glacier Surface Elevation Detected by ICESat‐2 Q. Wang & W. Sun https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD037501
- Reconstructing runoff components and glacier mass balance with climate change: Niyang river basin, southeastern Tibetan plateau Q. He et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2023.1165390
- Large glaciers sustaining the Upper Indus Basin glacier runoff in the future M. Afzal et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.132952
- A seasonal estimate of the Kumkol Basin glacier mass balance by satellite laser altimeter data and ASTER GDEM L. Gu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102648
- Topographic controls on ice flow and recession for Juneau Icefield (Alaska/British Columbia) B. Davies et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.5383
- Investigating the Spatiotemporal Variations in Glacier Elevation Changes over the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau Using Multisource Satellite Data X. Luo et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs18081160
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- Glacier Mass Balance and Its Impact on Land Water Storage in the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau Revealed by ICESat-2 and GRACE-FO J. Tong et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16061048
- Documenting 20th and 21st century glacier change and landscape evolution with maps and land, aerial, and space-based geospatial imagery in Alaska’s Kenai Mountains B. MOLNIA et al. https://doi.org/10.55779/ng2118
- A Parameter-Adaptive Photon Denoising Algorithm for ICESat-2 Glacier Monitoring in Tibet Y. Song et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2026.3670866
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- Glacier mass-balance estimates over High Mountain Asia from 2000 to 2021 based on ICESat-2 and NASADEM Y. Fan et al. https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2022.78
- A dataset of glacier changes in the Bugyai Kangri region, eastern Tanggula Mountains (1981–2020) B. WANG et al. https://doi.org/10.11922/11-6035.ncdc.2025.0227.zh
- Challenges in Understanding the Variability of the Cryosphere in the Himalaya and Its Impact on Regional Water Resources B. Vishwakarma et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2022.909246
- Investigating the Influence of Climate Seasonality on Glacier Mass Changes in High Mountain Asia via GRACE Observations S. Sherpa & S. Werth https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2025.3595165
- Measuring glacier mass changes from space—a review E. Berthier et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/acaf8e
- Rapid glacier mass loss in the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau since the year 2000 from satellite observations F. Zhao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2021.112853
- 10Be surface exposure dating of glacier fluctuations on the eastern slope of Mount Geladandong, central Tibetan Plateau J. Zhao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2023.12.004
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- Retrievals and simulations of terrestrial water storage changes and runoff over the Tibetan Plateau: Challenges and opportunities X. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fmre.2025.11.012
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- Biogeochemical Dynamics of a Glaciated High‐Latitude Wetland J. Buser‐Young et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JG006584
- CryoSat-2 interferometric mode calibration and validation: A case study from the Austfonna ice cap, Svalbard A. Morris et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2021.112805
- Direct measurements of firn-density evolution from 2016 to 2022 at Wolverine Glacier, Alaska C. Stevens et al. https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2024.24
- Variations in Ice Discharge and a Frontal Ablation Estimate of Marine-Terminating Glaciers Throughout Alaska from 2015 to 2021 H. Zierer et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs18121900
- Physical and chemical characterization of remote coastal aquifers and submarine groundwater discharge from a glacierized watershed A. Russo et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.15240
- Systematic Errors Observed in CryoSat-2 Elevation Swaths on Mountain Glaciers and Their Implications J. Haacker et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2023.3277277
- Rapid and synchronous response of outlet glaciers to ocean warming on the Barents Sea coast, Novaya Zemlya R. Carr et al. https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2023.104
- High-Spatial Resolution Mascon Solution Over High Mountain Asia Constrained by Multisource Prior Information W. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2024.3429328
57 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Potential of the Bi-Static SAR Satellite Companion Mission Harmony for Land-Ice Observations A. Kääb et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16162918
- Remote sensing monitoring of glacier area and volume changes in glacier-fed mountainous watershed on the Northern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau under climate change C. Fang et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-024-13130-y
- Revealing Water Storage Changes and Ecological Water Conveyance Benefits in the Tarim River Basin over the Past 20 Years Based on GRACE/GRACE-FO W. Sun & X. Zhang https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16234355
- Glacier Changes in India’s Dhauliganga Catchment over the Past Two Decades N. Ali et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14225692
- A Bibliometric and Visualized Analysis of Remote Sensing Methods for Glacier Mass Balance Research A. Yu et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15051425
- Reconstructing GRACE-like time series of high mountain glacier mass anomalies B. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2022.113177
- Quantifying the impact of X-band InSAR penetration bias on elevation change and mass balance estimation S. Abdullahi et al. https://doi.org/10.1017/aog.2024.7
- How to handle glacier area change in geodetic mass balance C. Florentine et al. https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2023.86
- Mass Balance of Maritime Glaciers in the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau during Recent Decades X. Lyu et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16167118
- Post-Little Ice Age glacial lake evolution in Svalbard: inventory of lake changes and lake types I. Wieczorek et al. https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2023.34
- Long-term firn and mass balance modelling for Abramov Glacier in the data-scarce Pamir Alay M. Kronenberg et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-5001-2022
- North Atlantic Ocean natural variability drives glacier mass loss over the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau M. Zhou et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02851-8
- Glacier projections sensitivity to temperature-index model choices and calibration strategies L. Schuster et al. https://doi.org/10.1017/aog.2023.57
- Revising supraglacial rock avalanche magnitudes and frequencies in Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska W. Smith et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2023.108591
- Interpretation of glacier mass change within the Upper Yukon Watershed from GRACE using Explainable Automated Machine Learning Algorithms C. Doumbia et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132519
- Large-Scale Monitoring of Glacier Surges by Integrating High-Temporal- and -Spatial-Resolution Satellite Observations: A Case Study in the Karakoram L. Ke et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14184668
- Seasonal Cycles of High Mountain Asia Glacier Surface Elevation Detected by ICESat‐2 Q. Wang & W. Sun https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD037501
- Reconstructing runoff components and glacier mass balance with climate change: Niyang river basin, southeastern Tibetan plateau Q. He et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2023.1165390
- Large glaciers sustaining the Upper Indus Basin glacier runoff in the future M. Afzal et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.132952
- A seasonal estimate of the Kumkol Basin glacier mass balance by satellite laser altimeter data and ASTER GDEM L. Gu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102648
- Topographic controls on ice flow and recession for Juneau Icefield (Alaska/British Columbia) B. Davies et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.5383
- Investigating the Spatiotemporal Variations in Glacier Elevation Changes over the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau Using Multisource Satellite Data X. Luo et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs18081160
- Glacier Mass Loss Between 2010 and 2020 Dominated by Atmospheric Forcing L. Jakob & N. Gourmelen https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL102954
- Glacier Mass Balance and Its Impact on Land Water Storage in the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau Revealed by ICESat-2 and GRACE-FO J. Tong et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16061048
- Documenting 20th and 21st century glacier change and landscape evolution with maps and land, aerial, and space-based geospatial imagery in Alaska’s Kenai Mountains B. MOLNIA et al. https://doi.org/10.55779/ng2118
- A Parameter-Adaptive Photon Denoising Algorithm for ICESat-2 Glacier Monitoring in Tibet Y. Song et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2026.3670866
- Mass balance of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets from 1992 to 2020 I. Otosaka et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1597-2023
- Multidecadal Changes in the Flow Velocity and Mass Balance of the Hailuogou Glacier in Mount Gongga, Southeastern Tibetan Plateau J. Gu et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16030571
- Glacier mass-balance estimates over High Mountain Asia from 2000 to 2021 based on ICESat-2 and NASADEM Y. Fan et al. https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2022.78
- A dataset of glacier changes in the Bugyai Kangri region, eastern Tanggula Mountains (1981–2020) B. WANG et al. https://doi.org/10.11922/11-6035.ncdc.2025.0227.zh
- Challenges in Understanding the Variability of the Cryosphere in the Himalaya and Its Impact on Regional Water Resources B. Vishwakarma et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2022.909246
- Investigating the Influence of Climate Seasonality on Glacier Mass Changes in High Mountain Asia via GRACE Observations S. Sherpa & S. Werth https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2025.3595165
- Measuring glacier mass changes from space—a review E. Berthier et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/acaf8e
- Rapid glacier mass loss in the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau since the year 2000 from satellite observations F. Zhao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2021.112853
- 10Be surface exposure dating of glacier fluctuations on the eastern slope of Mount Geladandong, central Tibetan Plateau J. Zhao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2023.12.004
- Remote Sensing and Modeling of the Cryosphere in High Mountain Asia: A Multidisciplinary Review Q. Ye et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16101709
- Distribution characteristics of newly formed glacial lakes across High Mountain Asia during 2000–2020 Y. YIN et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2026.07.007
- Pre-collapse motion of the February 2021 Chamoli rock–ice avalanche, Indian Himalaya M. Van Wyk de Vries et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3309-2022
- Accelerating glacier volume loss on Juneau Icefield driven by hypsometry and melt-accelerating feedbacks B. Davies et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-49269-y
- Accelerated glacier mass loss in the mid-latitude Eurasia from 2019 to 2022 revealed by ICESat-2 G. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2024.09.008
- Community estimate of global glacier mass changes from 2000 to 2023 M. Zemp et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08545-z
- Dam type and lake location characterize ice-marginal lake area change in Alaska and NW Canada between 1984 and 2019 B. Rick et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-297-2022
- Accelerated glacier mass loss in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau since the 1970s L. Luo et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2023.04.007
- Understanding glacier dynamics since the Little Ice Age in the sub-basins of Chandrabhaga Basin, Lahaul Himalaya, India R. Saini et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2026.1691398
- Retrievals and simulations of terrestrial water storage changes and runoff over the Tibetan Plateau: Challenges and opportunities X. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fmre.2025.11.012
- Glacier Surface Heatwaves Over the Tibetan Plateau W. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL101115
- Temporal downscaling of glaciological mass balance using seasonal observations M. Zemp & E. Welty https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2023.66
- Accelerating High Mountain Asia Glacier Loss From ICESat and ICESat-2 J. Hassan et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2025.3648542
- Annual to seasonal glacier mass balance in High Mountain Asia derived from Pléiades stereo images: examples from the Pamir and the Tibetan Plateau D. Falaschi et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-5435-2023
- Biogeochemical Dynamics of a Glaciated High‐Latitude Wetland J. Buser‐Young et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JG006584
- CryoSat-2 interferometric mode calibration and validation: A case study from the Austfonna ice cap, Svalbard A. Morris et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2021.112805
- Direct measurements of firn-density evolution from 2016 to 2022 at Wolverine Glacier, Alaska C. Stevens et al. https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2024.24
- Variations in Ice Discharge and a Frontal Ablation Estimate of Marine-Terminating Glaciers Throughout Alaska from 2015 to 2021 H. Zierer et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs18121900
- Physical and chemical characterization of remote coastal aquifers and submarine groundwater discharge from a glacierized watershed A. Russo et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.15240
- Systematic Errors Observed in CryoSat-2 Elevation Swaths on Mountain Glaciers and Their Implications J. Haacker et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2023.3277277
- Rapid and synchronous response of outlet glaciers to ocean warming on the Barents Sea coast, Novaya Zemlya R. Carr et al. https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2023.104
- High-Spatial Resolution Mascon Solution Over High Mountain Asia Constrained by Multisource Prior Information W. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2024.3429328
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 01 Aug 2026
Short summary
Glaciers and ice caps are currently the largest contributor to sea level rise. Global monitoring of these regions is a challenging task, and significant differences remain between current estimates. This study looks at glacier changes in High Mountain Asia and the Gulf of Alaska using a new technique, which for the first time makes the use of satellite radar altimetry for mapping ice mass loss over mountain glacier regions possible.
Glaciers and ice caps are currently the largest contributor to sea level rise. Global monitoring...
