General comments
The revised manuscript reads more clearly and progresses in a more structured way than did the original version. The background and sampling strategy are also improved, and the rationale for sample exclusion/selection is included.
Thus, the manuscript is greatly improved but I still have a couple of general concerns and requests, as well as a few specific ones (outlined below).
My first general comment is that the very low concentrations of Cs and Pb are taken as evidence that the ice being sampled is not recent – and that there is therefore a hiatus in the record and thus that modern ice, including that assumed to have formed during the LIA, has ablated. Given the sampling strategy I’m now ok with this argument – but it is missing one crucial element: that the Cs and Pb concentrations in recent ice elsewhere across southern Europe (or farther afield if none is available) are not summarized and presented for comparison. In other words, how do we know that the levels expected in recent ice are higher than those measured in MPG? I believe this step in the argument needs presenting formally, supported with data from other studies. Incidentally, Table 1 does not help here since it does not present the values measured in MPG (nor any from elsewhere in the literature) but instead has three columns: ‘Sample’, ‘Mass of ice analysed’ and ‘MDA’ (not defined in the caption – but is given in the text as ‘minimum detection activity’). Thus, there doesn’t seem to be a column for sample results (Table 2 – presenting Pb – does this (although MDA is again not defined)). I wonder whether Table 1 is missing a column; if it is not then the column labelled ‘MDA’ needs some explanation so the reader can follow the activity that was recorded.
Second, the manuscript includes sufficient uncertainty (for example, in terms of ice flow, the age-distance model, the origin of englacial debris, the explanation of some higher concentrations of Pb, the exclusion of certain samples etc.) that I believe the principal interpretation that no ice is present at the glacier that formed in the last ~600 years should in all cases be presented as interpretation – and not as fact. This is only a matter of appropriate wording, and this is already done in most cases – but not all (I note one or two below).
Third, some interpretation is still presented in the Results section. In this case, these interpretations relate to my first point above and I believe the manuscript would be clearer if these comparisons (with concentrations in modern glacier ice) were removed from Results and dealt with specifically and separately in Interpretation/Discussion.
Specific comments
L49 – 54. I think this could be improved. How about: “The apparent absence of ice from the past ~600 years suggests that any ice accumulated during the Little Ice Age has since ablated. This interpretation is supported by measured concentrations of anthropogenic metals, including Zn, Se, Cd, Hg and Pb, which have concentrations well below those typical of industrial-age ice measured at other glaciers *in the region*. This study strengthens the general understanding that warming the past few decades has been exceptional for the past two millennia.” (*define as appropriate to the data presented*).
L76 – 77: …little evidence of…
L83: …and significant…
L107: …evidence of…
L108: …suggest that…
L111: …associated with…
L113: (replace ‘answer’ with ‘address’ because this information is from only one glacier – it cannot answer for all of the Pyrenees)
L134: …6.1 m over the period…
L137: …small, and perhaps non-existent, during…
L139: …was 7.3…
L140: …available from the glacier, but…
L141-142: …when the whole glacier was scanned…
L144: …April) has recently been ~1.5 m…
L149: …sequence from…
L150-151: …2A). Vertical cores were not recovered because the glacier does not meet the usual…
L159: (I don’t follow the argument that the glacier being frozen to its base (incidentally, no robust evidence is presented to support this claim – only that the glacier is ‘small’) links to the clause ‘to become of substantial age’. I think this sentence needs rewriting.
L165: …original surface deposition of…
L171 – 172: …the ice layers probably dip steeply, as illustrated in Figure 2A. After removing ~0.5 m of (possibly contaminated) surface ice, three or four horizontal cores, each of diameter 6 cm and length 25 cm, were sampled using a custom…
L265: …Thirty-five selected…
L266: (47 mm here presumably refers to the diameter of the filter; however, it is the filter’s pore size that is methodologically relevant.)
L294: …carried out on 21…
L308: (How about: “First, we note the extremely low 137Cs activity in the five samples analysed…”)
Also, see comment above – some data are needed here to demonstrate the low activities.
L312: (Here, the levels are described as ‘undetectable’ which needs to be demonstrated, at least in Table 1.
L309 and L316 and 317 are all Interpretation and not Results
L311-314: These are undetectable here – fine, but when these low levels are interpreted later they need to be compared with levels in recent ice; the argument that low levels means that the ice cannot be recent needs comparison data of recent ice with higher levels...
L326: not present at MPG…
L335-6: …we infer an interruption…. …as explained in Methods, the age model was constructed with nine of…
L352-353: (This is interpretation, not Results)
L363: Dating ice from non-polar…
L366: …absolute dates from…
L367: (This is where the levels recorded in MPG ice should be compared with those measured in recent ice elsewhere).
L370-371: (This is a bit awkward. How about: “Our age depth-model for MPG suggests the glacier is composed of ice that is up to ~2000 years old, and that the glacier’s subsequent history has involved three main …”). (Shouldn’t this be ‘four’ main periods?)
L378-379: …600 years in MPG. …
L380: …pointing to a period of intense ablation…
L410: …support for our MPG chronology…
L412: …MPG supports the absence…
L413: …centuries in the MPG record…
L414: …glacier is uniform throughout…
L424: …glacier over the last…
L434: (please add dates for the Bolling period)
L459: (how about ‘dramatic’ instead of ‘spectacular’?)
L469: …or older. Still, Neoglacial ice could have…
L491: …associated with warming…
L493: …still commonly preserved…
L498: …MPG has disappeared, indicating…
L509 (See general comment about certainty. How about replacing ‘indicative of’ with ‘interpreted in terms of’ – both are grammatically correct, but the latter is less certain (rightly so I believe)).
L513: …associated with the…
L515: …both the Hg concentration…
Figure 1: (This may need reference to panels A and B rather than to left and right.)
Figure 4: (Needs to reference panels A and B and superscript (-1) is needed on units of y-axis label of panel B)
Figure 5 (Nice diagram…)
Table 1: (Sample values need presenting and MDA needs defining)
Table 2: (MDA needs defining) |