Articles | Volume 14, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-251-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-251-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Brief communication: Conventional assumptions involving the speed of radar waves in snow introduce systematic underestimates to sea ice thickness and seasonal growth rate estimates
Robbie D. C. Mallett
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling, Earth Sciences, University College London, London, UK
Isobel R. Lawrence
Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling, Earth Sciences, University College London, London, UK
Julienne C. Stroeve
Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling, Earth Sciences, University College London, London, UK
National Snow and Ice Data Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
Centre for Earth Observation Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
Jack C. Landy
School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
Michel Tsamados
Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling, Earth Sciences, University College London, London, UK
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Cited
41 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Latest Altimetry-Based Sea Ice Freeboard and Volume Inter-Annual Variability in the Antarctic over 2003–2020 F. Garnier et al.
- Simulated Ka- and Ku-band radar altimeter height and freeboard estimation on snow-covered Arctic sea ice R. Tonboe et al.
- AdaSA-SD (v1.0): An Adaptive Seasonal Algorithm for Snow Depth Retrieval Over Arctic Sea Ice Y. Zhou et al.
- A Suitable Retrieval Algorithm of Arctic Snow Depths with AMSR-2 and Its Application to Sea Ice Thicknesses of Cryosat-2 Data Z. Dong et al.
- Improved Arctic Sea Ice Freeboard Retrieval From Satellite Altimetry Using Optimized Sea Surface Decorrelation Scales J. Landy et al.
- Snow effects on altimeter waveforms over sea ice in the Weddell Sea - Part II: sea ice and snow spaceborne retrieval L. Zhou et al.
- Monitoring Arctic thin ice: a comparison between CryoSat-2 SAR altimetry data and MODIS thermal-infrared imagery F. Müller et al.
- Seasonal Variability of Sea Ice Bulk Density During the MOSAiC Expedition: Results From Synergistic In Situ, Airborne, and Satellite Observations Y. Zhou et al.
- A Textural Approach to Improving Snow Depth Estimates in the Weddell Sea M. Mei & T. Maksym
- A comparison between Envisat and ICESat sea ice thickness in the Southern Ocean J. Wang et al.
- Faster decline and higher variability in the sea ice thickness of the marginal Arctic seas when accounting for dynamic snow cover R. Mallett et al.
- Snow effects on altimeter waveforms over sea ice in the Weddell Sea — Part I: Radar waveform decomposition L. Zhou et al.
- Assimilating CryoSat-2 freeboard to improve Arctic sea ice thickness estimates I. Sievers et al.
- Arctic sea ice radar freeboard retrieval from the European Remote-Sensing Satellite (ERS-2) using altimetry: toward sea ice thickness observation from 1995 to 2021 M. Bocquet et al.
- Snow depth estimation on leadless landfast ice using Cryo2Ice satellite observations M. Saha et al.
- Estimation of Arctic Sea Ice Thickness from Chinese HY-2B Radar Altimetry Data M. Jiang et al.
- Snow Property Controls on Modeled Ku-Band Altimeter Estimates of First-Year Sea Ice Thickness: Case Studies From the Canadian and Norwegian Arctic V. Nandan et al.
- The Copernicus Polar Ice and Snow Topography Altimeter (CRISTAL) high-priority candidate mission M. Kern et al.
- Estimation of Arctic Sea Ice Thickness Using HY-2B Altimeter Data C. Pang et al.
- Simultaneous estimation of wintertime sea ice thickness and snow depth from space-borne freeboard measurements H. Shi et al.
- A year-round satellite sea-ice thickness record from CryoSat-2 J. Landy et al.
- Assessment of radar freeboard, radar penetration rate, and snow depth for potential improvements in Arctic sea ice thickness retrieved from CryoSat-2 Y. Zhou et al.
- An Ocean Acoustic Modeling Based on the Physical Parameters Clustering of the Arctic Ice Floes: Applied to the Study of Acoustic Field Response as Ice Floes Thickness Varies C. Lu et al.
- Rain on snow (ROS) understudied in sea ice remote sensing: a multi-sensor analysis of ROS during MOSAiC (Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate) J. Stroeve et al.
- Multi-frequency altimetry snow depth estimates over heterogeneous snow-covered Antarctic summer sea ice – Part 2: Comparing airborne estimates with near-coincident CryoSat-2 and ICESat-2 (CRYO2ICE) R. Fredensborg Hansen et al.
- Sub-kilometre scale distribution of snow depth on Arctic sea ice from Soviet drifting stations R. Mallett et al.
- Advances in altimetric snow depth estimates using bi-frequency SARAL and CryoSat-2 Ka–Ku measurements F. Garnier et al.
- A decade-plus of Antarctic sea ice thickness and volume estimates from CryoSat-2 using a physical model and waveform fitting S. Fons et al.
- A first approach towards dual-hemisphere sea ice reference measurements from multiple data sources repurposed for evaluation and product intercomparison of satellite altimetry I. Olsen et al.
- Assessing CryoSat‐2 Antarctic Snow Freeboard Retrievals Using Data From ICESat‐2 S. Fons et al.
- Sentinel-3 Altimetry Thematic Products for Hydrology, Sea Ice and Land Ice J. Aublanc et al.
- Sea Ice Roughness Overlooked as a Key Source of Uncertainty in CryoSat‐2 Ice Freeboard Retrievals J. Landy et al.
- Multi-frequency altimetry snow depth estimates over heterogeneous snow-covered Antarctic summer sea ice – Part 1: C∕S-, Ku-, and Ka-band airborne observations R. Fredensborg Hansen et al.
- Anticipating CRISTAL: an exploration of multi-frequency satellite altimeter snow depth estimates over Arctic sea ice, 2018–2023 J. Landy et al.
- Surface Properties Linked to Retrieval Uncertainty of Satellite Sea-Ice Thickness with Upward-Looking Sonar Measurements K. Khvorostovsky et al.
- A methodologically robust densification function for snow on multiyear Arctic sea ice R. Mallett
- Intercomparisons and Evaluations of Satellite-Derived Arctic Sea Ice Thickness Products F. Chen et al.
- Feasibility of retrieving Arctic sea ice thickness from the Chinese HY-2B Ku-band radar altimeter Z. Dong et al.
- Assimilation of radar freeboard and snow altimetry observations in the Arctic and Antarctic with a coupled ocean/sea ice modelling system A. Chenal et al.
- Estimation of Arctic Winter Snow Depth, Sea Ice Thickness and Bulk Density, and Ice Freeboard by Combining CryoSat-2, AVHRR, and AMSR Measurements H. Shi et al.
- Assessment of Satellite Altimetric and Compact Polarimetric SAR Parameters Over Early Spring Snow-Covered Landfast Sea Ice in the Canadian Arctic H. Lam et al.
41 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Latest Altimetry-Based Sea Ice Freeboard and Volume Inter-Annual Variability in the Antarctic over 2003–2020 F. Garnier et al.
- Simulated Ka- and Ku-band radar altimeter height and freeboard estimation on snow-covered Arctic sea ice R. Tonboe et al.
- AdaSA-SD (v1.0): An Adaptive Seasonal Algorithm for Snow Depth Retrieval Over Arctic Sea Ice Y. Zhou et al.
- A Suitable Retrieval Algorithm of Arctic Snow Depths with AMSR-2 and Its Application to Sea Ice Thicknesses of Cryosat-2 Data Z. Dong et al.
- Improved Arctic Sea Ice Freeboard Retrieval From Satellite Altimetry Using Optimized Sea Surface Decorrelation Scales J. Landy et al.
- Snow effects on altimeter waveforms over sea ice in the Weddell Sea - Part II: sea ice and snow spaceborne retrieval L. Zhou et al.
- Monitoring Arctic thin ice: a comparison between CryoSat-2 SAR altimetry data and MODIS thermal-infrared imagery F. Müller et al.
- Seasonal Variability of Sea Ice Bulk Density During the MOSAiC Expedition: Results From Synergistic In Situ, Airborne, and Satellite Observations Y. Zhou et al.
- A Textural Approach to Improving Snow Depth Estimates in the Weddell Sea M. Mei & T. Maksym
- A comparison between Envisat and ICESat sea ice thickness in the Southern Ocean J. Wang et al.
- Faster decline and higher variability in the sea ice thickness of the marginal Arctic seas when accounting for dynamic snow cover R. Mallett et al.
- Snow effects on altimeter waveforms over sea ice in the Weddell Sea — Part I: Radar waveform decomposition L. Zhou et al.
- Assimilating CryoSat-2 freeboard to improve Arctic sea ice thickness estimates I. Sievers et al.
- Arctic sea ice radar freeboard retrieval from the European Remote-Sensing Satellite (ERS-2) using altimetry: toward sea ice thickness observation from 1995 to 2021 M. Bocquet et al.
- Snow depth estimation on leadless landfast ice using Cryo2Ice satellite observations M. Saha et al.
- Estimation of Arctic Sea Ice Thickness from Chinese HY-2B Radar Altimetry Data M. Jiang et al.
- Snow Property Controls on Modeled Ku-Band Altimeter Estimates of First-Year Sea Ice Thickness: Case Studies From the Canadian and Norwegian Arctic V. Nandan et al.
- The Copernicus Polar Ice and Snow Topography Altimeter (CRISTAL) high-priority candidate mission M. Kern et al.
- Estimation of Arctic Sea Ice Thickness Using HY-2B Altimeter Data C. Pang et al.
- Simultaneous estimation of wintertime sea ice thickness and snow depth from space-borne freeboard measurements H. Shi et al.
- A year-round satellite sea-ice thickness record from CryoSat-2 J. Landy et al.
- Assessment of radar freeboard, radar penetration rate, and snow depth for potential improvements in Arctic sea ice thickness retrieved from CryoSat-2 Y. Zhou et al.
- An Ocean Acoustic Modeling Based on the Physical Parameters Clustering of the Arctic Ice Floes: Applied to the Study of Acoustic Field Response as Ice Floes Thickness Varies C. Lu et al.
- Rain on snow (ROS) understudied in sea ice remote sensing: a multi-sensor analysis of ROS during MOSAiC (Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate) J. Stroeve et al.
- Multi-frequency altimetry snow depth estimates over heterogeneous snow-covered Antarctic summer sea ice – Part 2: Comparing airborne estimates with near-coincident CryoSat-2 and ICESat-2 (CRYO2ICE) R. Fredensborg Hansen et al.
- Sub-kilometre scale distribution of snow depth on Arctic sea ice from Soviet drifting stations R. Mallett et al.
- Advances in altimetric snow depth estimates using bi-frequency SARAL and CryoSat-2 Ka–Ku measurements F. Garnier et al.
- A decade-plus of Antarctic sea ice thickness and volume estimates from CryoSat-2 using a physical model and waveform fitting S. Fons et al.
- A first approach towards dual-hemisphere sea ice reference measurements from multiple data sources repurposed for evaluation and product intercomparison of satellite altimetry I. Olsen et al.
- Assessing CryoSat‐2 Antarctic Snow Freeboard Retrievals Using Data From ICESat‐2 S. Fons et al.
- Sentinel-3 Altimetry Thematic Products for Hydrology, Sea Ice and Land Ice J. Aublanc et al.
- Sea Ice Roughness Overlooked as a Key Source of Uncertainty in CryoSat‐2 Ice Freeboard Retrievals J. Landy et al.
- Multi-frequency altimetry snow depth estimates over heterogeneous snow-covered Antarctic summer sea ice – Part 1: C∕S-, Ku-, and Ka-band airborne observations R. Fredensborg Hansen et al.
- Anticipating CRISTAL: an exploration of multi-frequency satellite altimeter snow depth estimates over Arctic sea ice, 2018–2023 J. Landy et al.
- Surface Properties Linked to Retrieval Uncertainty of Satellite Sea-Ice Thickness with Upward-Looking Sonar Measurements K. Khvorostovsky et al.
- A methodologically robust densification function for snow on multiyear Arctic sea ice R. Mallett
- Intercomparisons and Evaluations of Satellite-Derived Arctic Sea Ice Thickness Products F. Chen et al.
- Feasibility of retrieving Arctic sea ice thickness from the Chinese HY-2B Ku-band radar altimeter Z. Dong et al.
- Assimilation of radar freeboard and snow altimetry observations in the Arctic and Antarctic with a coupled ocean/sea ice modelling system A. Chenal et al.
- Estimation of Arctic Winter Snow Depth, Sea Ice Thickness and Bulk Density, and Ice Freeboard by Combining CryoSat-2, AVHRR, and AMSR Measurements H. Shi et al.
- Assessment of Satellite Altimetric and Compact Polarimetric SAR Parameters Over Early Spring Snow-Covered Landfast Sea Ice in the Canadian Arctic H. Lam et al.
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 29 Apr 2026
Short summary
Soils store large carbon and are important for global warming. We do not know what factors are important for soil carbon storage in the alpine Andes and how they work. We studied how rainfall affects soil carbon storage related to soil structure. We found soil structure is not important, but soil carbon storage and stability controlled by rainfall are dependent on rocks under the soils. The results indicate that we should pay attention to the rocks when studying soil carbon storage in the Andes.
Soils store large carbon and are important for global warming. We do not know what factors are...