Articles | Volume 14, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-1139-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-1139-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
02 Apr 2020
Research article |
| 02 Apr 2020
| 02 Apr 2020
On the Green's function emergence from interferometry of seismic wave fields generated in high-melt glaciers: implications for passive imaging and monitoring
Amandine Sergeant
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Laboratory of Hydraulics, Hydrology and Glaciology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
now at: Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, LMA, France
Małgorzata Chmiel
Laboratory of Hydraulics, Hydrology and Glaciology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
Fabian Lindner
Laboratory of Hydraulics, Hydrology and Glaciology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
Fabian Walter
Laboratory of Hydraulics, Hydrology and Glaciology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
Philippe Roux
Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IRD, IFSTTAR, ISTerre, 38000 Grenoble, France
Julien Chaput
Department of Geological Sciences, University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
Florent Gimbert
Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IGE, Grenoble, France
Aurélien Mordret
Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IRD, IFSTTAR, ISTerre, 38000 Grenoble, France
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, USA
Related authors
No articles found.
Juan-Pedro Roldán-Blasco, Adrien Gilbert, Luc Piard, Florent Gimbert, Christian Vincent, Olivier Gagliardini, Anuar Togaibekov, Andrea Walpersdorf, and Nathan Maier
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1600, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1600, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The flow of glaciers and ice sheets is due to ice deformation and basal sliding driven by gravitational forces. Quantifying the rate at which ice deforms under its own weight is critical to assessing glacier evolution. This study uses borehole instrumentation in an Alpine glacier to quantify ice deformation and constrain its viscosity in a natural setting. Our results show that the viscosity of ice at 0° C is largely influenced by interstitial liquid water which enhances ice deformation.
Janneke van Ginkel, Fabian Walter, Fabian Lindner, Miroslav Hallo, Matthias Huss, and Donat Fäh
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-646, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-646, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study on Glacier de la Plaine Morte in Switzerland employs various passive seismic analysis methods to identify complex hydraulic behaviours at the ice-bedrock interface. In 4 months of seismic records, we detect spatiotemporal variations in the glacier's basal interface, following the drainage of an ice-marginal lake. We identify a low-velocity layer, whose properties are determined using modeling techniques. This low-velocity layer results from temporary water storage within the glacier.
Fabian Walter, Elias Hodel, Erik S. Mannerfelt, Kristen Cook, Michael Dietze, Livia Estermann, Michaela Wenner, Daniel Farinotti, Martin Fengler, Lukas Hammerschmidt, Flavia Hänsli, Jacob Hirschberg, Brian McArdell, and Peter Molnar
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 4011–4018, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-4011-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-4011-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Debris flows are dangerous sediment–water mixtures in steep terrain. Their formation takes place in poorly accessible terrain where instrumentation cannot be installed. Here we propose to monitor such source terrain with an autonomous drone for mapping sediments which were left behind by debris flows or may contribute to future events. Short flight intervals elucidate changes of such sediments, providing important information for landscape evolution and the likelihood of future debris flows.
Agathe Serripierri, Ludovic Moreau, Pierre Boue, Jérôme Weiss, and Philippe Roux
The Cryosphere, 16, 2527–2543, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2527-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2527-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
As a result of global warming, the sea ice is disappearing at a much faster rate than predicted by climate models. To better understand and predict its ongoing decline, we deployed 247 geophones on the fast ice in Van Mijen Fjord in Svalbard, Norway, in March 2019. The analysis of these data provided a precise daily evolution of the sea-ice parameters at this location with high spatial and temporal resolution and accuracy. The results obtained are consistent with the observations made in situ.
Małgorzata Chmiel, Maxime Godano, Marco Piantini, Pierre Brigode, Florent Gimbert, Maarten Bakker, Françoise Courboulex, Jean-Paul Ampuero, Diane Rivet, Anthony Sladen, David Ambrois, and Margot Chapuis
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 1541–1558, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-1541-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-1541-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
On 2 October 2020, the French Maritime Alps were struck by an extreme rainfall event caused by Storm Alex. Here, we show that seismic data provide the timing and velocity of the propagation of flash-flood waves along the Vésubie River. We also detect 114 small local earthquakes triggered by the rainwater weight and/or its infiltration into the ground. This study paves the way for future works that can reveal further details of the impact of Storm Alex on the Earth’s surface and subsurface.
Marco Piantini, Florent Gimbert, Hervé Bellot, and Alain Recking
Earth Surf. Dynam., 9, 1423–1439, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-1423-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-1423-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We carry out laboratory experiments to investigate the formation and propagation dynamics of exogenous sediment pulses in mountain rivers. We show that the ability of a self-formed deposit to destabilize and generate sediment pulses depends on the sand content of the mixture, while each pulse turns out to be formed by a front, a body, and a tail. Seismic measurements reveal a complex and non-unique dependency between seismic power and sediment pulse transport characteristics.
Małgorzata Chmiel, Fabian Walter, Lukas Preiswerk, Martin Funk, Lorenz Meier, and Florent Brenguier
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2021-205, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2021-205, 2021
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
The hanging glacier on Switzerland’s Mount Eiger regularly produces ice avalanches which threaten tourist activity and nearby infrastructure. Reliable forecasting remains a challenge as physical processes leading to ice rupture are not fully understood yet. We propose a new method for hanging glacier monitoring using repeating englacial seismic signals. Our approach allows monitoring temperature and meltwater driven changes occurring in the hanging glacier at seasonal and diurnal timescales.
Nathan Maier, Florent Gimbert, Fabien Gillet-Chaulet, and Adrien Gilbert
The Cryosphere, 15, 1435–1451, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1435-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1435-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In Greenland, ice motion and the surface geometry depend on the friction at the bed. We use satellite measurements and modeling to determine how ice speeds and friction are related across the ice sheet. The relationships indicate that ice flowing over bed bumps sets the friction across most of the ice sheet's on-land regions. This result helps simplify and improve our understanding of how ice motion will change in the future.
Christian Vincent, Diego Cusicanqui, Bruno Jourdain, Olivier Laarman, Delphine Six, Adrien Gilbert, Andrea Walpersdorf, Antoine Rabatel, Luc Piard, Florent Gimbert, Olivier Gagliardini, Vincent Peyaud, Laurent Arnaud, Emmanuel Thibert, Fanny Brun, and Ugo Nanni
The Cryosphere, 15, 1259–1276, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1259-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1259-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In situ glacier point mass balance data are crucial to assess climate change in different regions of the world. Unfortunately, these data are rare because huge efforts are required to conduct in situ measurements on glaciers. Here, we propose a new approach from remote sensing observations. The method has been tested on the Argentière and Mer de Glace glaciers (France). It should be possible to apply this method to high-spatial-resolution satellite images and on numerous glaciers in the world.
Eef C. H. van Dongen, Guillaume Jouvet, Shin Sugiyama, Evgeny A. Podolskiy, Martin Funk, Douglas I. Benn, Fabian Lindner, Andreas Bauder, Julien Seguinot, Silvan Leinss, and Fabian Walter
The Cryosphere, 15, 485–500, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-485-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-485-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The dynamic mass loss of tidewater glaciers is strongly linked to glacier calving. We study calving mechanisms under a thinning regime, based on 5 years of field and remote-sensing data of Bowdoin Glacier. Our data suggest that Bowdoin Glacier ungrounded recently, and its calving behaviour changed from calving due to surface crevasses to buoyancy-induced calving resulting from basal crevasses. This change may be a precursor to glacier retreat.
Michaela Wenner, Clément Hibert, Alec van Herwijnen, Lorenz Meier, and Fabian Walter
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 339–361, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-339-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-339-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Mass movements constitute a risk to property and human life. In this study we use machine learning to automatically detect and classify slope failure events using ground vibrations. We explore the influence of non-ideal though commonly encountered conditions: poor network coverage, small number of events, and low signal-to-noise ratios. Our approach enables us to detect the occurrence of rare events of high interest in a large data set of more than a million windowed seismic signals.
Ugo Nanni, Florent Gimbert, Christian Vincent, Dominik Gräff, Fabian Walter, Luc Piard, and Luc Moreau
The Cryosphere, 14, 1475–1496, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-1475-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-1475-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Our study addresses key questions on the subglacial drainage system physics through a novel observational approach that overcomes traditional limitations. We conducted, over 2 years, measurements of the subglacial water-flow-induced seismic noise and of glacier basal sliding speeds. We then inverted for the subglacial channel's hydraulic pressure gradient and hydraulic radius and investigated the links between the equilibrium state of subglacial channels and glacier basal sliding.
Fabian Lindner, Fabian Walter, Gabi Laske, and Florent Gimbert
The Cryosphere, 14, 287–308, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-287-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-287-2020, 2020
Fabian Walter, Arnaud Burtin, Brian W. McArdell, Niels Hovius, Bianca Weder, and Jens M. Turowski
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 939–955, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-939-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-939-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Debris flows are naturally occuring mass motion events, which mobilize loose material in steep Alpine torrents. The destructive potential of debris flows is well known and demands early warning. Here we apply the amplitude source location (ASL) method to seismic ground vibrations induced by a debris flow event in Switzerland. The method efficiently detects the initiation of the event and traces its front propagation down the torrent channel.
Related subject area
Discipline: Glaciers | Subject: Field Studies
Monitoring glacier calving using underwater sound
Brief communication: Measuring and modelling the ice thickness of the Grigoriev ice cap (Kyrgyzstan) and comparison with global datasets
Geophysical measurements of the southernmost microglacier in Europe suggest permafrost occurrence in the Pirin Mountains (Bulgaria)
Ground-penetrating radar imaging reveals glacier's drainage network in 3D
A portable lightweight in situ analysis (LISA) box for ice and snow analysis
Revisiting Austfonna, Svalbard, with potential field methods – a new characterization of the bed topography and its physical properties
Supraglacial debris thickness variability: impact on ablation and relation to terrain properties
Jarosław Tęgowski, Oskar Glowacki, Michał Ciepły, Małgorzata Błaszczyk, Jacek Jania, Mateusz Moskalik, Philippe Blondel, and Grant B. Deane
The Cryosphere, 17, 4447–4461, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4447-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4447-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Receding tidewater glaciers are important contributors to sea level rise. Understanding their dynamics and developing models for their attrition has become a matter of global concern. Long-term monitoring of glacier frontal ablation is very difficult. Here we show for the first time that calving fluxes can be estimated from the underwater sounds made by icebergs impacting the sea surface. This development has important application to understanding the response of glaciers to warming oceans.
Lander Van Tricht, Chloë Marie Paice, Oleg Rybak, and Philippe Huybrechts
The Cryosphere, 17, 4315–4323, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4315-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4315-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We performed a field campaign to measure the ice thickness of the Grigoriev ice cap (Central Asia). We interpolated the ice thickness data to obtain an ice thickness distribution representing the state of the ice cap in 2021, with a total volume of ca. 0.4 km3. We then compared our results with global ice thickness datasets composed without our local measurements. The main takeaway is that these datasets do not perform well enough yet for ice caps such as the Grigoriev ice cap.
Gergana Georgieva, Christian Tzankov, and Atanas Kisyov
The Cryosphere, 16, 4847–4863, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-4847-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-4847-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The southernmost microglacier in Europe is Snezhnika in the Pirin Mountains, Bulgaria. We use geophysical methods to investigate its thickness and the subsurface structure beneath it. While its size has been well monitored for more than 20 years, information about its thickness is poor. Our results show the presence of ice-rich permafrost near Snezhnika, which was observed in 3 consecutive years. Our results provide important information on the extent and the state of permafrost in Bulgaria.
Gregory Church, Andreas Bauder, Melchior Grab, and Hansruedi Maurer
The Cryosphere, 15, 3975–3988, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-3975-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-3975-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this field study, we acquired a 3D radar survey over an active drainage network that transported meltwater through a Swiss glacier. We successfully imaged both englacial and subglacial pathways and were able to confirm long-standing glacier hydrology theory regarding meltwater pathways. The direction of these meltwater pathways directly impacts the glacier's velocity, and therefore more insightful field observations are needed in order to improve our understanding of this complex system.
Helle Astrid Kjær, Lisa Lolk Hauge, Marius Simonsen, Zurine Yoldi, Iben Koldtoft, Maria Hörhold, Johannes Freitag, Sepp Kipfstuhl, Anders Svensson, and Paul Vallelonga
The Cryosphere, 15, 3719–3730, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-3719-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-3719-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Ice core analyses are often done in home laboratories after costly transport of samples from the field. This limits the amount of sample that can be analysed.
Here, we present the first truly field-portable continuous flow analysis (CFA) system for the analysis of impurities in snow, firn and ice cores while still in the field: the lightweight in situ analysis (LISA) box.
LISA is demonstrated in Greenland to reconstruct accumulation, conductivity and peroxide in snow cores.
Marie-Andrée Dumais and Marco Brönner
The Cryosphere, 14, 183–197, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-183-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-183-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The subglacial bed of Austfonna is investigated using potential field methods. Airborne gravity data provide a new bed topography, improving on the traditional ground-penetrating radar measurements. Combined with airborne magnetic data, a 2-D forward model reveals the heterogeneity of the subsurface lithology and the physical properties of the bed. Our approach also assesses the presence of softer bed, carbonates and magmatic intrusions under Austfonna, which contribute to subglacial processes.
Lindsey I. Nicholson, Michael McCarthy, Hamish D. Pritchard, and Ian Willis
The Cryosphere, 12, 3719–3734, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3719-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3719-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Ground-penetrating radar of supraglacial debris thickness is used to study local thickness variability. Freshly emergent debris cover appears to have higher skewness and kurtosis than more mature debris covers. Accounting for debris thickness variability in ablation models can result in markedly different ice ablation than is calculated using the mean debris thickness. Slope stability modelling reveals likely locations for locally thin debris with high ablation.
Cited articles
Allen, R. V.: Automatic earthquake recognition and timing from single traces, B. Seismol. Soc. Am., 68, 1521–1532,
1978. a
Amundson, J. M., Fahnestock, M., Truffer,
M., Brown, J., Lüthi, M. P., and Motyka, R. J.: Ice mélange dynamics and implications for terminus stability, Jakobshavn Isbræ,
Greenland, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 115, F01005, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JF001405, 2010. a
Andrews, L. C., Catania,
G. A., Hoffman, M. J., Gulley, J. D., Lüthi, M. P., Ryser, C., Hawley, R. L., and Neumann, T. A.: Direct observations of evolving subglacial
drainage beneath the Greenland Ice Sheet, Nature, 514, 80–83, 2014. a
Aster, R. and Winberry, J.: Glacial seismology, Rep. Prog. Phys., 80, 126801,
https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/aa8473, 2017. a, b, c
Baggeroer, A. B., Kuperman, W. A., and Mikhalevsky, P. N.: An
overview of matched field methods in ocean acoustics, IEEE J. Oceanic Eng., 18, 401–424, 1993. a
Barruol, G., Cordier, E., Bascou,
J., Fontaine, F. R., Legrésy, B., and Lescarmontier, L.: Tide-induced microseismicity in the Mertz glacier grounding area, East Antarctica,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 5412–5416, 2013. a
Bartholomaus, T., Larsen, C., O'Neel, S., and West, M.:
Calving seismicity from iceberg–sea surface interactions, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 117, F04029, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JF002513, 2012. a
Bienvenu, G. and Kopp, L.: Adaptivity to background noise spatial coherence for high resolution passive methods, ICASSP'80, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics,
Speech, and Signal Processing, Denver, Colorado, USA, IEEE, 307–310, 1980. a
Bonnefoy-Claudet, S., Cotton, F., and Bard, P.-Y.: The
nature of noise wavefield and its applications for site effects studies: A literature review, Earth-Sci. Rev., 79, 205–227, 2006. a
Brenguier, F.,
Campillo, M., Hadziioannou, C., Shapiro, N., Nadeau, R., and Larose, E.: Postseismic relaxation along the San Andreas fault at Parkfield from
continuous seismological observations, Science, 321, 1478–1481, 2008a. a
Brenguier, F., Clarke, D., Aoki, Y.,
Shapiro, N. M., Campillo, M., and Ferrazzini, V.: Monitoring volcanoes using seismic noise correlations, C. R. Geosci., 343, 633–638, 2011. a
Campillo, M. and Paul, A.: Long-range correlations in the diffuse seismic coda, Science, 299,
547–549, 2003. a
Campillo, M., Roux, P., Romanowicz, B., and Dziewonski, A.:
Seismic imaging and monitoring with ambient noise correlations, Treat. Geophys., 1, 256–271, 2014. a
Canassy, P. D., Faillettaz, J., Walter, F., and Huss, M.: Seismic
activity and surface motion of a steep temperate glacier: a study on Triftgletscher, Switzerland, J. Glaciol., 58, 513–528, 2012. a
Capon, J.: High-resolution frequency-wavenumber spectrum analysis, Proc. IEEE, 57, 1408–1418, 1969. a
Chmiel, M., Roux, P., and Bardainne, T.: Attenuation of Seismic Noise in
Microseismic Monitoring from Surface Acquisition, 77th EAGE Conference and Exhibition, European Association of Geoscientists – Engineers, https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201413014, 2015. a, b
Colombi, A., Boschi, L., Roux, P., and Campillo, M.: Green's function
retrieval through cross-correlations in a two-dimensional complex reverberating medium, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 135, 1034–1043, 2014. a
Cox, H.: Spatial correlation in arbitrary noise fields with application to ambient sea noise, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 54,
1289–1301, 1973. a
Cox, H.: Multi-rate adaptive beamforming (MRABF): Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop, Proceedings of the IEEE, 306–309, https://doi.org/10.1109/SAM.2000.878019, 2000. a
Cros, E., Roux, P., Vandemeulebrouck, J., and Kedat, S.: Locating hydrothermal acoustic sources at Old
Faithful Geyser using matched field processing, Geophys. J. Int., 187, 385–393, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05147.x, 2011. a, b
Deichmann, N., Ansorge, J.,
Scherbaum, F., Aschwanden, A., Bernard, F., and Gudmundsson, G.: Evidence for deep icequakes in an Alpine glacier, Ann. Glaciol., 31, 85–90, 2000. a
De Rosny, J. and Roux, P.: Multiple scattering in a reflecting cavity: Application to fish counting in
a tank, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 109, 2587–2597, 2001. a
Diez, A. and Eisen, O.: Seismic wave propagation in anisotropic ice – Part 1: Elasticity tensor and
derived quantities from ice-core properties, The Cryosphere, 9, 367–384, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-367-2015, 2015. a
Ekström, G.: Time domain analysis of Earth's long-period background seismic radiation,
J. Geophys. Res.-Sol. Earth, 106, 26483–26493, 2001. a
Ekström, G., Nettles, M., and Abers, G. A.: Glacial earthquakes,
Science, 302, 622–624, 2003. a
Ekström, G., Abers, G. A., and Webb, S. C.: Determination of
surface-wave phase velocities across USArray from noise and Aki's spectral formulation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L18301, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL039131, 2009. a, b, c
Ermert, L., Villaseñor, A., and Fichtner, A.: Cross-correlation
imaging of ambient noise sources, Geophys. J. Int., 204, 347–364, 2015. a
Fichtner, A., Stehly, L., Ermert, L., and Boehm, C.: Generalised
interferometry-I: Theory for inter-station correlations, Geophys. J. Int., 208, 603–638, 2017. a
Gerstoft, P., Menon, R., Hodgkiss, W., and
Mecklenbräuker, C.: Eigenvalues of the sample covariance matrix for a towed array, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 132, 2388–2396, 2012. a
Gimbert, F., Tsai, V. C., and Lamb, M. P.: A physical model for seismic noise
generation by turbulent flow in rivers, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 119, 2209–2238, 2014. a
Gouédard, P., Cornou, C., and Roux, P.:
Phase-velocity dispersion curves and small-scale geophysics using noise correlation slantstack technique, Geophys. J. Int., 172, 971–981,
2008a. a
Gräff, D., Walter, F., and Lipovsky, B. P.: Crack wave resonances
within the basal water layer, Ann. Glaciol., 60, 158–166, https://doi.org/10.1017/aog.2019.8, 2019. a
Hadziioannou, C., Larose, E., Coutant, O.,
Roux, P., and Campillo, M.: Stability of monitoring weak changes in multiply scattering media with ambient noise correlation: Laboratory
experiments, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 125, 3688–3695, 2009. a
Hand, E.: A boom in boomless seismology, Science, 345, 720–721, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.345.6198.720, 2014. a
Haney, M. M. and Tsai, V. C.: Perturbational and nonperturbational inversion of Rayleigh-wave velocities,
Geophysics, 82, F15–F28, 2017. a
Hantz, D.: Dynamique et hydrologie du glacier d'Argentière (Alpes françaises), Ph.D. thesis,
Université Scientifique et Médicale de Grenoble, Grenoble, 1981. a
Harland, S., Kendall, J.-M.,
Stuart, G., Lloyd, G., Baird, A., Smith, A., Pritchard, H., and Brisbourne, A.: Deformation in Rutford Ice Stream, West Antarctica: measuring
shear-wave anisotropy from icequakes, Ann. Glaciol., 54, 105–114, 2013. a
Hennino, R.,
Trégourès, N., Shapiro, N., Margerin, L., Campillo, M., Van Tiggelen, B., and Weaver, R.: Observation of equipartition of seismic waves,
Phys. Rev. Lett., 86, 3447, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.3447, 2001. a, b
Horgan, H. J., Anandakrishnan, S., Alley, R. B.,
Burkett, P. G., and Peters, L. E.: Englacial seismic reflectivity: Imaging crystal-orientation fabric in West Antarctica, J. Glaciol., 57, 639–650,
2011. a
Konda, T. and Nakamura, Y.: A new algorithm for singular value decomposition and its parallelization,
Parallel Comput., 35, 331–344, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parco.2009.02.001, 2009. a
Larose, E., Roux, P., Campillo, M., and Derode, A.: Fluctuations of
correlations and Green's function reconstruction: role of scattering, J. Appl. Phys., 103, 114907, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2939267, 2008. a, b
Larose, E., Carrière, S., Voisin, C., Bottelin, P., Baillet, L., Guéguen, P., Walter, F., Jongmans, D., Guillier,
B., Garambois, S., et al.: Environmental seismology: What can we learn on earth surface processes with ambient noise?, J. Appl. Geophys., 116,
62–74, 2015. a
Lecocq, T., Caudron, C., and Brenguier, F.: MSNoise, a python package for
monitoring seismic velocity changes using ambient seismic noise, Seismol. Res. Lett., 85, 715–726, 2014. a
Levshin, A., Ratnikova, L., and Berger, J.: Peculiarities of surface-wave
propagation across central Eurasia, B. Seismol. Soc. Am., 82, 2464–2493, 1992. a
Lin, F.-C., Moschetti, M. P., and Ritzwoller, M. H.: Surface wave tomography of
the western United States from ambient seismic noise: Rayleigh and Love wave phase velocity maps, Geophys. J. Int., 173, 281–298, 2008. a
Lin, F.-C., Li, D., Clayton, R. W., and Hollis, D.: High-resolution 3D shallow
crustal structure in Long Beach, California: Application of ambient noise tomography on a dense seismic array, Geophysics, 78, Q45–Q56, 2013. a
Lin, F.-C., Tsai, V. C., and Schmandt, B.: 3-D crustal structure of the western United
States: application of Rayleigh-wave ellipticity extracted from noise cross-correlations, Geophys. J. Int., 198, 656–670, 2014. a
Lindner, F., Walter, F., Laske, G., and Gimbert, F.: Glaciohydraulic
seismic tremors on an Alpine glacier, The Cryosphere, 14, 287–308, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-287-2020, 2020. a, b
Lipovsky, B. P., Meyer, C. R., Zoet,
L. K., McCarthy, C., Hansen, D. D., Rempel, A. W., and Gimbert, F.: Glacier sliding, seismicity and sediment entrainment, Ann. Glaciol., 60,
182–192, https://doi.org/10.1017/aog.2019.24, 2019. a, b
Lobkis, O. I. and Weaver, R. L.: On the emergence of the Green's function in the correlations of
a diffuse field, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 110, 3011–3017, 2001. a
Mainsant, G., Larose, E.,
Brönnimann, C., Jongmans, D., Michoud, C., and Jaboyedoff, M.: Ambient seismic noise monitoring of a clay landslide: Toward failure prediction,
J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 117, F01030, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JF002159, 2012. a
Malcolm, A. E., Scales, J. A., and van Tiggelen, B. A.: Extracting the
Green function from diffuse, equipartitioned waves, Phys. Rev. E, 70, 015601, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.70.015601, 2004. a, b, c
Moonen, M., van Dooren, P., and Vandewalle, J.: A singular value
decomposition updating algorithm for subspace tracking, SIAM J. Matrix Anal. A., 13, 1015–1038, 1992. a
Mordret, A., Shapiro, N. M., Singh, S., Roux, P.,
Montagner, J.-P., and Barkved, O. I.: Azimuthal anisotropy at Valhall: The Helmholtz equation approach, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 2636–2641, 2013. a
Mordret, A., Mikesell, T., Harig, C., Lipovsky, B., and
Prieto, G.: Monitoring southwest Greenland's ice sheet melt with ambient seismic noise, Sci. Adv., 2, e1501538, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1501538, 2016. a
Mulargia, F.: The seismic noise wavefield is not diffuse, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 131, 2853–2858, 2012. a
Nakata, N., Chang, J. P., Lawrence, J. F., and Boué, P.: Body
wave extraction and tomography at Long Beach, California, with ambient-noise interferometry, J. Geophys. Res.-Sol. Earth, 120, 1159–1173, 2015. a
Nanni, U., Gimbert, F., Roux, P., Urruty, B., and
Lecointre, A.: Mapping the Subglacial Drainage System from Dense Array Seismology: a Multi-method Approach, AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, 2019a. a
Nanni, U., Gimbert, F., Vincent,
C., Gräff, D., Walter, F., Piard, L., and Moreau, L.: Seasonal and Diurnal Dynamics of Subglacial Channels: Observations Beneath an Alpine
Glacier, The Cryosphere Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2019-243, in press, 2019b. a, b
Neave, K. and Savage, J.: Icequakes on the Athabasca glacier, J. Geophys. Res., 75, 1351–1362, 1970. a
Nunn, C.: Apollo Passive Seismic Experiments, International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks,
FDSN, https://doi.org/10.7914/SN/XA_1969, 2017. a
Nye, J.: The mechanics of glacier flow, J. Glaciol., 2, 82–93, 1952. a
Beyreuther, M., Barsch, R., Krischer, L.,
Megies, T., Behr, Y., and Wassermann, J.: ObsPy: A Python toolbox for seismology, Seismol. Res. Lett., 81, 530–533, 2010. a
Ohrnberger, M., Schissele, E., Cornou, C., Bonnefoy-Claudet, S., Wathelet, M., Savvaidis, A., Scherbaum, F., and Jongmans, D.: Frequency wavenumber
and spatial autocorrelation methods for dispersion curve determination from ambient vibration recordings, in: Proceedings of the 13th World
Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 946, Vancouver Canada, 2004. a
Olivier, G., Brenguier, F., Campillo, M., Roux,
P., Shapiro, N., and Lynch, R.: Investigation of coseismic and postseismic processes using in situ measurements of seismic velocity variations in an
underground mine, Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, 9261–9269, 2015. a
Park, C. B., Miller, R. D., and Xia, J.: Imaging dispersion curves of surface waves on
multi-channel record, in: SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1998, 1377–1380, Society of
Exploration Geophysicists, SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts: 1377–1380, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1820161, 1998. a, b
Picotti, S., Vuan, A., Carcione, J. M., Horgan,
H. J., and Anandakrishnan, S.: Anisotropy and crystalline fabric of Whillans Ice Stream (West Antarctica) inferred from multicomponent seismic data,
J. Geophys. Res.-Sol. Ea., 120, 4237–4262, 2015. a
Picotti, S., Francese, R., Giorgi, M., Pettenati, F.,
and Carcione, J.: Estimation of glacier thicknesses and basal properties using the horizontal-to-vertical component spectral ratio (HVSR) technique
from passive seismic data, J. Glaciol., 63, 229–248, 2017. a
Podolskiy, E. A., Genco, R.,
Sugiyama, S., Walter, F., Funk, M., Minowa, M., Tsutaki, S., and Ripepe, M.: Seismic and infrasound monitoring of Bowdoin Glacier, Greenland, Low
Temp. Sci., 75, 15–36, 2017. a
Podolskiy, E. A., Fujita, K., Sunako, S., and Sato, Y.:
Viscoelastic modeling of nocturnal thermal fracturing in a Himalayan debris-covered glacier, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 124, 1485–1515,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JF004848, 2019. a
Preiswerk, L., Walter, F., Anandakrishnan,
S., Barfucci, G., and others.: Monitoring unstable parts in the ice-covered Weissmies northwest face, in: 13th Congress Interpraevent 2016,
ETH-Zürich, 2016. a
Preiswerk, L. E., Michel, C., Walter, F., and Fäh, D.:
Effects of geometry on the seismic wavefield of Alpine glaciers, Ann. Glaciol., 46, 123–130, https://doi.org/10.3189/172756407782871161, 2018. a
Rhie, J. and Romanowicz, B.: Excitation of Earth's continuous free oscillations by
atmosphere–ocean–seafloor coupling, Nature, 431, 552–556, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02942, 2004. a
Rost, S. and Thomas, C.: Array seismology: Methods and applications, Rev. Geophys., 40, 2-1–2-27,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2000RG000100, 2002. a, b
Roux, P.-F., Marsan, D., Métaxian, J.-P., O'Brien, G.,
and Moreau, L.: Microseismic activity within a serac zone in an alpine glacier (Glacier d'Argentiere, Mont Blanc, France), J. Glaciol., 54,
157–168, 2008. a
Roux, P.-F., Walter, F., Riesen, P., Sugiyama, S., and Funk, M.:
Observation of surface seismic activity changes of an Alpine glacier during a glacier-dammed lake outburst, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 115,
F03014, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JF001535, 2010. a, b, c
Ryser, C., Lüthi, M.,
Andrews, L., Hoffman, M., Catania, G., Hawley, R., Neumann, T., and Kristensen, S.: Sustained high basal motion of the Greenland ice sheet revealed
by borehole deformation, J. Glaciol., 60, 647–660, https://doi.org/10.3189/2014JoG13J196, 2014. a
Sabra, K. G., Gerstoft, P., Roux, P., Kuperman, W., and Fehler,
M. C.: Surface wave tomography from microseisms in Southern California, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L14311,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL023155, 2005. a
Sadek, R. A.: SVD Based Image Processing Applications: State of The Art, Contributions and Research Challenges,
Int. J. Adv. Comput. Sci. Appl., Editorial Preface, 3, 2012. a
Schmandt, B., Aster, R. C., Scherler, D., Tsai, V. C.,
and Karlstrom, K.: Multiple fluvial processes detected by riverside seismic and infrasound monitoring of a controlled flood in the Grand Canyon,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 4858–4863, 2013. a
SED (Swiss Seismological Service) at ETH Zurich: Temporary
deployments in Switzerland associated with glacier monitoring, ETH
Zurich, Other/Seismic
Network, https://doi.org/10.12686/sed/networks/4d, 1985. a
Sens-Schönfelder, C. and Wegler, U.: Passive image interferometry and seasonal
variations of seismic velocities at Merapi Volcano, Indonesia, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L21302,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL027797, 2006. a, b
Sergeant, A., Stutzmann, E., Maggi, A.,
Schimmel, M., Ardhuin, F., and Obrebski, M.: Frequency-dependent noise sources in the North Atlantic Ocean, Geochem. Geophy. Geosy., 14, 5341–5353,
2013. a
Sergeant, A., Mangeney, A.,
Stutzmann, E., Montagner, J., Walter, F., Moretti, L., and Castelnau, O.: Complex force history of a calving-generated glacial earthquake derived
from broadband seismic inversion, Geophys. Res. Lett., 43, 1055–1065, 2016. a
Sergeant, A., Yastrebov, V. A.,
Mangeney, A., Castelnau, O., Montagner, J.-P., and Stutzmann, E.: Numerical modeling of iceberg capsizing responsible for glacial earthquakes,
J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 123, 3013–3033, 2018. a
Shapiro, N. M. and Campillo, M.: Emergence of broadband Rayleigh waves from correlations of the
ambient seismic noise, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L07614,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL019491, 2004. a, b
Shapiro, N., Campillo, M., Margerin, L.,
Singh, S., Kostoglodov, V., and Pacheco, J.: The energy partitioning and the diffusive character of the seismic coda, B. Seismol. Soc. Am., 90,
655–665, 2000. a
Smith, M. L. and Dahlen, F.: The azimuthal dependence of Love and Rayleigh wave propagation in
a slightly anisotropic medium, J. Geophys. Res., 78, 3321–3333, 1973. a
Snieder, R., Van Wijk, K., Haney, M., and Calvert, R.: Cancellation
of spurious arrivals in Green's function extraction and the generalized optical theorem, Phys. Rev. E, 78, 036606, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.78.036606, 2008. a
Stein, S. and Wysession, M.: An Introduction to Seismology, Earthquakes, and Earth Structure, John
Wiley and Sons, Book published by John Wiley & Sons, 2009. a
Swiss Seismological Service: WebDC3 Web Interface to SED Waveform and Event Archives, available at: http://arclink.ethz.ch/webinterface/, last access: January 2020./ a
Toyokuni, G., Takenaka, H., Takagi,
R., Kanao, M., Tsuboi, S., Tono, Y., Childs, D., and Zhao, D.: Changes in Greenland ice bed conditions inferred from seismology, Phys. Earth
Planet. In., 277, 81–98, 2018. a
Tsai, V. C. and Moschetti, M. P.: An explicit relationship between time-domain noise correlation and
spatial autocorrelation (SPAC) results, Geophys. J. Int., 182, 454–460, 2010. a
Vandemeulebrouck, J., Roux, P., and Cros, E.: The plumbing of Old Faithful Geyser
revealed by hydrothermal tremor, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 1989–1993, https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50422, 2013. a
Veen, B. V. and Buckley, K.: Beamforming: a versatile approach to spatial filtering, IEEE ASSP Mag., 5,
4–24, 1988. a
Vore, M. E., Bartholomaus, T. C., Winberry, J. P., Walter,
J. I., and Amundson, J. M.: Seismic tremor reveals spatial organization and temporal changes of subglacial water system, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth,
124, 427–446, 2019. a
Wang, J., Templeton, D., and Harris, D. B.: A New Method for Event Detection and
Location – Matched Field Processing Application to the Salton Sea Geothermal Field, Search and Discovery Article #40946, Geophys. J. Int., 203, 22–32, Oxford University Press, 2012. a
Wapenaar, K.: Retrieving the elastodynamic Green's function of an arbitrary inhomogeneous medium by cross
correlation, Phys. Rev. Lett., 93, 254–301, 2004. a
Wathelet, M.: An improved neighborhood algorithm: parameter conditions and dynamic scaling,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L09301, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL033256, 2008. a
Wax, M. and Kailath, T.: Detection of signals by information theoretic criteria, IEEE T. Acoust. Speech,
33, 387–392, 1985. a
Webb, S. C.: Broadband seismology and noise under the ocean, Rev. Geophys., 36, 105–142, 1998. a
Winberry, P., Anandakrishnan, S., Wiens, D., and Alley, R.:
Nucleation and seismic tremor associated with the glacial earthquakes of Whillans Ice Stream, Antarctica, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 312–315, 2013. a
Yang, Y., Ritzwoller, M. H., Levshin, A. L., and Shapiro, N. M.: Ambient
noise Rayleigh wave tomography across Europe, Geophys. J. Int., 168, 259–274, 2007. a
Zhan, Z.: Seismic noise interferometry reveals transverse drainage configuration beneath the surging Bering Glacier,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 46, 4747–4756, 2019. a
Short summary
This study explores the capacity to apply ambient noise interferometry to passive seismic recordings in glaciers. Green's function between two seismometers represents the impulse response of the elastic medium. It can be approximated from cross-correlation of random seismic wave fields. For glaciers, its recovery is notoriously difficult due to weak ice seismic scattering. We propose three methods to bridge the gap and show the potential for passive seismic imaging and monitoring of glaciers.
This study explores the capacity to apply ambient noise interferometry to passive seismic...
