Articles | Volume 12, issue 11
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3617-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3617-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
22 Nov 2018
Research article |
| 22 Nov 2018
| 22 Nov 2018
Interannual snow accumulation variability on glaciers derived from repeat, spatially extensive ground-penetrating radar surveys
Daniel McGrath
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Geosciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
Louis Sass
U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, AK, USA
Shad O'Neel
U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, AK, USA
Chris McNeil
U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, AK, USA
Salvatore G. Candela
School of Earth Sciences and Byrd Polar Research Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
Emily H. Baker
U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, AK, USA
Hans-Peter Marshall
Department of Geosciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
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Cited
30 citations as recorded by crossref.
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- Incorporating glacier processes into hydrological simulations in the headwaters of the Yangtze and yellow Rivers L. Chen et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175474
- Multi-year evaluation of airborne geodetic surveys to estimate seasonal mass balance, Columbia and Rocky Mountains, Canada B. Pelto et al. 10.5194/tc-13-1709-2019
- Inferring watershed‐scale mean snowfall magnitude and distribution using multidecadal snow reanalysis patterns and snow pillow observations J. Pflug et al. 10.1002/hyp.14581
- Glaciohydrology of the Himalaya-Karakoram M. Azam et al. 10.1126/science.abf3668
- A Time Series of Snow Density and Snow Water Equivalent Observations Derived From the Integration of GPR and UAV SfM Observations D. McGrath et al. 10.3389/frsen.2022.886747
- A Brief Review of Random Forests for Water Scientists and Practitioners and Their Recent History in Water Resources H. Tyralis et al. 10.3390/w11050910
- Seasonal snow depth dataset over flat terrains in the Northern Hemisphere based on ICESat-2 data from 2018 to 2020 D. Feng et al. 10.1080/17538947.2025.2528632
- Ground-penetrating radar as a tool for determining the interface between temperate and cold ice, and snow depth: a case study for Hurd-Johnsons glaciers, Livingston Island, Antarctica U. Letamendia et al. 10.1017/aog.2023.73
- Winter snow accumulation variability and evaluation of reanalysis data over A.P. Olsen Ice Cap, Northeast Greenland A. Rutishauser et al. 10.1017/jog.2025.10080
- Estimating snow accumulation and ablation with L-band interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) J. Tarricone et al. 10.5194/tc-17-1997-2023
- Automated snow cover detection on mountain glaciers using spaceborne imagery and machine learning R. Aberle et al. 10.5194/tc-19-1675-2025
- Spatial variability in winter mass balance on Storglaciären modelled with a terrain-based approach Y. Terleth et al. 10.1017/jog.2022.96
- Direct measurements of firn-density evolution from 2016 to 2022 at Wolverine Glacier, Alaska C. Stevens et al. 10.1017/jog.2024.24
- Parsing complex terrain controls on mountain glacier response to climate forcing C. Florentine et al. 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2020.103209
- Combining Daily Sensor Observations and Spatial LiDAR Data for Mapping Snow Water Equivalent in a Sub‐Alpine Forest J. Geissler et al. 10.1029/2023WR034460
- A geophysical and glaciological survey of the highest tropical mountain glaciers (Mt. Huascarán, Andes) S. Kutuzov et al. 10.1017/jog.2025.20
- Evaluation of snow depth retrievals from ICESat-2 using airborne laser-scanning data C. Deschamps-Berger et al. 10.5194/tc-17-2779-2023
- Fine-Resolution Satellite Remote Sensing Improves Spatially Distributed Snow Modeling to Near Real Time G. Sexstone et al. 10.3390/rs17101704
- Modelling Debris-Covered Glacier Ablation Using the Simultaneous Heat and Water Transport Model. Part 1: Model Development and Application to North Changri Nup A. Winter-Billington et al. 10.3389/feart.2022.796877
- Inferring Distributed Snow Depth by Leveraging Snow Pattern Repeatability: Investigation Using 47 Lidar Observations in the Tuolumne Watershed, Sierra Nevada, California J. Pflug & J. Lundquist 10.1029/2020WR027243
- Proglacial streams runoff dynamics in Devil´s Bay, Vega Island, Antarctica J. Kavan et al. 10.1080/02626667.2023.2195559
- Accelerated Glacier Thinning and Area Loss in the Wind River Range, Wyoming (1968–2019): Climate and Topographic Drivers Y. Li et al. 10.3390/rs17050916
- Pursuit of Optimal Design for Winter-Balance Surveys of Valley-Glacier Ablation Areas A. Pulwicki et al. 10.3389/feart.2019.00199
- Beyond glacier-wide mass balances: parsing seasonal elevation change into spatially resolved patterns of accumulation and ablation at Wolverine Glacier, Alaska L. Zeller et al. 10.1017/jog.2022.46
- Spatially Extensive Ground‐Penetrating Radar Snow Depth Observations During NASA's 2017 SnowEx Campaign: Comparison With In Situ, Airborne, and Satellite Observations D. McGrath et al. 10.1029/2019WR024907
- Rescue and homogenization of 140 years of glacier mass balance data in Switzerland L. Geibel et al. 10.5194/essd-14-3293-2022
- Uncertainty of ICESat-2 ATL06- and ATL08-derived snow depths for glacierized and vegetated mountain regions E. Enderlin et al. 10.1016/j.rse.2022.113307
- Extending the utility of space-borne snow water equivalent observations over vegetated areas with data assimilation J. Pflug et al. 10.5194/hess-28-631-2024
- Reanalysis of the US Geological Survey Benchmark Glaciers: long-term insight into climate forcing of glacier mass balance S. O'Neel et al. 10.1017/jog.2019.66
30 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Snow Depth Retrieval With an Autonomous UAV-Mounted Software-Defined Radar S. Prager et al. 10.1109/TGRS.2021.3117509
- Incorporating glacier processes into hydrological simulations in the headwaters of the Yangtze and yellow Rivers L. Chen et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175474
- Multi-year evaluation of airborne geodetic surveys to estimate seasonal mass balance, Columbia and Rocky Mountains, Canada B. Pelto et al. 10.5194/tc-13-1709-2019
- Inferring watershed‐scale mean snowfall magnitude and distribution using multidecadal snow reanalysis patterns and snow pillow observations J. Pflug et al. 10.1002/hyp.14581
- Glaciohydrology of the Himalaya-Karakoram M. Azam et al. 10.1126/science.abf3668
- A Time Series of Snow Density and Snow Water Equivalent Observations Derived From the Integration of GPR and UAV SfM Observations D. McGrath et al. 10.3389/frsen.2022.886747
- A Brief Review of Random Forests for Water Scientists and Practitioners and Their Recent History in Water Resources H. Tyralis et al. 10.3390/w11050910
- Seasonal snow depth dataset over flat terrains in the Northern Hemisphere based on ICESat-2 data from 2018 to 2020 D. Feng et al. 10.1080/17538947.2025.2528632
- Ground-penetrating radar as a tool for determining the interface between temperate and cold ice, and snow depth: a case study for Hurd-Johnsons glaciers, Livingston Island, Antarctica U. Letamendia et al. 10.1017/aog.2023.73
- Winter snow accumulation variability and evaluation of reanalysis data over A.P. Olsen Ice Cap, Northeast Greenland A. Rutishauser et al. 10.1017/jog.2025.10080
- Estimating snow accumulation and ablation with L-band interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) J. Tarricone et al. 10.5194/tc-17-1997-2023
- Automated snow cover detection on mountain glaciers using spaceborne imagery and machine learning R. Aberle et al. 10.5194/tc-19-1675-2025
- Spatial variability in winter mass balance on Storglaciären modelled with a terrain-based approach Y. Terleth et al. 10.1017/jog.2022.96
- Direct measurements of firn-density evolution from 2016 to 2022 at Wolverine Glacier, Alaska C. Stevens et al. 10.1017/jog.2024.24
- Parsing complex terrain controls on mountain glacier response to climate forcing C. Florentine et al. 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2020.103209
- Combining Daily Sensor Observations and Spatial LiDAR Data for Mapping Snow Water Equivalent in a Sub‐Alpine Forest J. Geissler et al. 10.1029/2023WR034460
- A geophysical and glaciological survey of the highest tropical mountain glaciers (Mt. Huascarán, Andes) S. Kutuzov et al. 10.1017/jog.2025.20
- Evaluation of snow depth retrievals from ICESat-2 using airborne laser-scanning data C. Deschamps-Berger et al. 10.5194/tc-17-2779-2023
- Fine-Resolution Satellite Remote Sensing Improves Spatially Distributed Snow Modeling to Near Real Time G. Sexstone et al. 10.3390/rs17101704
- Modelling Debris-Covered Glacier Ablation Using the Simultaneous Heat and Water Transport Model. Part 1: Model Development and Application to North Changri Nup A. Winter-Billington et al. 10.3389/feart.2022.796877
- Inferring Distributed Snow Depth by Leveraging Snow Pattern Repeatability: Investigation Using 47 Lidar Observations in the Tuolumne Watershed, Sierra Nevada, California J. Pflug & J. Lundquist 10.1029/2020WR027243
- Proglacial streams runoff dynamics in Devil´s Bay, Vega Island, Antarctica J. Kavan et al. 10.1080/02626667.2023.2195559
- Accelerated Glacier Thinning and Area Loss in the Wind River Range, Wyoming (1968–2019): Climate and Topographic Drivers Y. Li et al. 10.3390/rs17050916
- Pursuit of Optimal Design for Winter-Balance Surveys of Valley-Glacier Ablation Areas A. Pulwicki et al. 10.3389/feart.2019.00199
- Beyond glacier-wide mass balances: parsing seasonal elevation change into spatially resolved patterns of accumulation and ablation at Wolverine Glacier, Alaska L. Zeller et al. 10.1017/jog.2022.46
- Spatially Extensive Ground‐Penetrating Radar Snow Depth Observations During NASA's 2017 SnowEx Campaign: Comparison With In Situ, Airborne, and Satellite Observations D. McGrath et al. 10.1029/2019WR024907
- Rescue and homogenization of 140 years of glacier mass balance data in Switzerland L. Geibel et al. 10.5194/essd-14-3293-2022
- Uncertainty of ICESat-2 ATL06- and ATL08-derived snow depths for glacierized and vegetated mountain regions E. Enderlin et al. 10.1016/j.rse.2022.113307
- Extending the utility of space-borne snow water equivalent observations over vegetated areas with data assimilation J. Pflug et al. 10.5194/hess-28-631-2024
- Reanalysis of the US Geological Survey Benchmark Glaciers: long-term insight into climate forcing of glacier mass balance S. O'Neel et al. 10.1017/jog.2019.66
Discussed (final revised paper)
Latest update: 28 Oct 2025
Short summary
Measuring the amount and spatial pattern of snow on glaciers is essential for monitoring glacier mass balance and quantifying the water budget of glacierized basins. Using repeat radar surveys for 5 consecutive years, we found that the spatial pattern in snow distribution is stable over the majority of the glacier and scales with the glacier-wide average. Our findings support the use of sparse stake networks for effectively measuring interannual variability in winter balance on glaciers.
Measuring the amount and spatial pattern of snow on glaciers is essential for monitoring glacier...
