Articles | Volume 11, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-281-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-281-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
27 Jan 2017
Research article |
| 27 Jan 2017
Simulating the evolution of Hardangerjøkulen ice cap in southern Norway since the mid-Holocene and its sensitivity to climate change
Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Allégaten 70, 5007 Bergen, Norway
University of California, Irvine, Department of Earth System Science, 3218 Croul Hall, Irvine, CA, 92697-3100, USA
Kerim H. Nisancioglu
Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Allégaten 70, 5007 Bergen, Norway
Centre for Earth Evolution and Dynamics, University of Oslo, Po. Box 1028 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
Rianne H. Giesen
Institute for Marine and Atmospheric research, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80005, 3508 TA Utrecht, the Netherlands
Mathieu Morlighem
University of California, Irvine, Department of Earth System Science, 3218 Croul Hall, Irvine, CA, 92697-3100, USA
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Cited
27 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Topographic controls on ice flow and recession for Juneau Icefield (Alaska/British Columbia) B. Davies et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.5383
- Mapping of the Subglacial Topography of Folgefonna Ice Cap in Western Norway—Consequences for Ice Retreat Patterns and Hydrological Changes F. Ekblom Johansson et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.886361
- Accelerated glacier changes on the James Ross Archipelago, Antarctica, from 2010 to 2023 C. Stringer et al. https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2025.10075
- Ice geometry and thermal regime of Lyngmarksbræen Ice Cap, West Greenland M. Gillespie et al. https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2023.89
- Mass-Budget Anomalies and Geometry Signals of Three Austrian Glaciers C. Charalampidis et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2018.00218
- Episodic Neoglacial expansion and rapid 20th century retreat of a small ice cap on Baffin Island, Arctic Canada, and modeled temperature change S. Pendleton et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1527-2017
- Ice thickness and bed topography of Jostedalsbreen ice cap, Norway M. Gillespie et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5799-2024
- Ice‐Dynamical Glacier Evolution Modeling—A Review H. Zekollari et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021RG000754
- Rapid retreat of a Scandinavian marine outlet glacier in response to warming at the last glacial termination H. Åkesson et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106645
- Accelerating glacier volume loss on Juneau Icefield driven by hypsometry and melt-accelerating feedbacks B. Davies et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-49269-y
- Subglacial sediment distribution from constrained seismic inversion, using MuLTI software: examples from Midtdalsbreen, Norway S. Killingbeck et al. https://doi.org/10.1017/aog.2019.13
- Rate of mass loss from the Greenland Ice Sheet will exceed Holocene values this century J. Briner et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2742-6
- Recent history and future demise of Jostedalsbreen, the largest ice cap in mainland Europe H. Åkesson et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-5871-2025
- Sensitivity analysis of a King George Island outlet glacier, South Shetlands, Antarctica T. SANTOS et al. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202320210560
- Pervasive cold ice within a temperate glacier – implications for glacier thermal regimes, sediment transport and foreland geomorphology B. Reinardy et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-827-2019
- Limited impact of climate forcing products on future glacier evolution in Scandinavia and Iceland L. Compagno et al. https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2021.24
- Glacier change in Norway since the 1960s – an overview of mass balance, area, length and surface elevation changes L. Andreassen et al. https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2020.10
- Future state of Norwegian glaciers: Estimating glacier mass balance and equilibrium line responses to projected 21st century climate change A. Nesje https://doi.org/10.1177/09596836231183069
- Evolution of the Norwegian plateau icefield Hardangerjøkulen since the ‘Little Ice Age’ P. Weber et al. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683619865601
- Sensitivity, stability and future evolution of the world's northernmost ice cap, Hans Tausen Iskappe (Greenland) H. Zekollari et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-805-2017
- Long‐term projections of sea‐level rise from ice sheets N. Golledge https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.634
- An Assessment of Geophysical Survey Techniques for Characterising the Subsurface Around Glacier Margins, and Recommendations for Future Applications H. Watts et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.734682
- Northernmost no more? The fragmentation of Nordmannsjøkelen in Norway S. Winsvold et al. https://doi.org/10.1017/aog.2026.10047
- Topographic controls on plateau icefield recession: insights from the Younger Dryas Monadhliath Icefield, Scotland C. Boston & S. Lukas https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.3111
- Analysis of the response of glaciers to climate change based on the glacial dynamics model Z. Wu et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-020-09188-9
- The European mountain cryosphere: a review of its current state, trends, and future challenges M. Beniston et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-759-2018
- Unveiling the extreme environmental radioactivity of cryoconite from a Norwegian glacier E. Łokas et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152656
27 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Topographic controls on ice flow and recession for Juneau Icefield (Alaska/British Columbia) B. Davies et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.5383
- Mapping of the Subglacial Topography of Folgefonna Ice Cap in Western Norway—Consequences for Ice Retreat Patterns and Hydrological Changes F. Ekblom Johansson et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.886361
- Accelerated glacier changes on the James Ross Archipelago, Antarctica, from 2010 to 2023 C. Stringer et al. https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2025.10075
- Ice geometry and thermal regime of Lyngmarksbræen Ice Cap, West Greenland M. Gillespie et al. https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2023.89
- Mass-Budget Anomalies and Geometry Signals of Three Austrian Glaciers C. Charalampidis et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2018.00218
- Episodic Neoglacial expansion and rapid 20th century retreat of a small ice cap on Baffin Island, Arctic Canada, and modeled temperature change S. Pendleton et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1527-2017
- Ice thickness and bed topography of Jostedalsbreen ice cap, Norway M. Gillespie et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5799-2024
- Ice‐Dynamical Glacier Evolution Modeling—A Review H. Zekollari et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021RG000754
- Rapid retreat of a Scandinavian marine outlet glacier in response to warming at the last glacial termination H. Åkesson et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106645
- Accelerating glacier volume loss on Juneau Icefield driven by hypsometry and melt-accelerating feedbacks B. Davies et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-49269-y
- Subglacial sediment distribution from constrained seismic inversion, using MuLTI software: examples from Midtdalsbreen, Norway S. Killingbeck et al. https://doi.org/10.1017/aog.2019.13
- Rate of mass loss from the Greenland Ice Sheet will exceed Holocene values this century J. Briner et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2742-6
- Recent history and future demise of Jostedalsbreen, the largest ice cap in mainland Europe H. Åkesson et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-5871-2025
- Sensitivity analysis of a King George Island outlet glacier, South Shetlands, Antarctica T. SANTOS et al. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202320210560
- Pervasive cold ice within a temperate glacier – implications for glacier thermal regimes, sediment transport and foreland geomorphology B. Reinardy et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-827-2019
- Limited impact of climate forcing products on future glacier evolution in Scandinavia and Iceland L. Compagno et al. https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2021.24
- Glacier change in Norway since the 1960s – an overview of mass balance, area, length and surface elevation changes L. Andreassen et al. https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2020.10
- Future state of Norwegian glaciers: Estimating glacier mass balance and equilibrium line responses to projected 21st century climate change A. Nesje https://doi.org/10.1177/09596836231183069
- Evolution of the Norwegian plateau icefield Hardangerjøkulen since the ‘Little Ice Age’ P. Weber et al. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683619865601
- Sensitivity, stability and future evolution of the world's northernmost ice cap, Hans Tausen Iskappe (Greenland) H. Zekollari et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-805-2017
- Long‐term projections of sea‐level rise from ice sheets N. Golledge https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.634
- An Assessment of Geophysical Survey Techniques for Characterising the Subsurface Around Glacier Margins, and Recommendations for Future Applications H. Watts et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.734682
- Northernmost no more? The fragmentation of Nordmannsjøkelen in Norway S. Winsvold et al. https://doi.org/10.1017/aog.2026.10047
- Topographic controls on plateau icefield recession: insights from the Younger Dryas Monadhliath Icefield, Scotland C. Boston & S. Lukas https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.3111
- Analysis of the response of glaciers to climate change based on the glacial dynamics model Z. Wu et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-020-09188-9
- The European mountain cryosphere: a review of its current state, trends, and future challenges M. Beniston et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-759-2018
- Unveiling the extreme environmental radioactivity of cryoconite from a Norwegian glacier E. Łokas et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152656
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 31 Oct 2026
Short summary
We present simulations of the history of Hardangerjøkulen ice cap in southern Norway using a dynamical ice sheet model. From mid-Holocene ice-free conditions 4000 years ago, Hardangerjøkulen grows nonlinearly in response to a linear climate forcing, reaching maximum extent during the Little Ice Age (~ 1750 AD). The ice cap exhibits spatially asymmetric growth and retreat and is highly sensitive to climate change. Our results call for reassessment of glacier reconstructions from proxy records.
We present simulations of the history of Hardangerjøkulen ice cap in southern Norway using a...
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