Simulating the evolution of Hardangerjøkulen ice cap in southern Norway since the mid-Holocene and its sensitivity to climate change

Åkesson, Henning; Nisancioglu, Kerim H.; Giesen, Rianne H.; Morlighem, Mathieu

doi:10.5194/tc-11-281-2017

Articles | Volume 11, issue 1

https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-281-2017

© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-281-2017

© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Articles | Volume 11, issue 1

Research article

|

27 Jan 2017

Research article |

| 27 Jan 2017

Simulating the evolution of Hardangerjøkulen ice cap in southern Norway since the mid-Holocene and its sensitivity to climate change

Henning Åkesson, Kerim H. Nisancioglu, Rianne H. Giesen, and Mathieu Morlighem

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Dec 2016	5	12	0	17
Jan 2017	161	60	2	223
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Jun 2018	18	39	1	58
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Nov 2020	14	15	1	30
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Feb 2021	21	13	2	36
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Jul 2021	14	8	0	22
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Sep 2021	24	26	1	51
Oct 2021	16	53	1	70
Nov 2021	11	27	1	39
Dec 2021	27	20	2	49
Jan 2022	22	18	0	40
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Mar 2022	19	19	0	38
Apr 2022	20	18	0	38
May 2022	12	10	3	25
Jun 2022	15	7	2	24
Jul 2022	16	8	0	24
Aug 2022	20	12	1	33
Sep 2022	10	7	3	20
Oct 2022	30	9	1	40
Nov 2022	43	21	4	68
Dec 2022	28	23	3	54
Jan 2023	35	39	4	78
Feb 2023	24	15	1	40
Mar 2023	22	16	1	39
Apr 2023	29	6	2	37
May 2023	23	19	2	44
Jun 2023	28	9	1	38
Jul 2023	24	30	1	55
Aug 2023	18	13	5	36
Sep 2023	24	17	3	44
Oct 2023	23	25	2	50
Nov 2023	13	14	1	28
Dec 2023	39	26	5	70
Jan 2024	27	20	1	48
Feb 2024	27	25	4	56
Mar 2024	24	15	3	42
Apr 2024	38	18	10	66
May 2024	28	23	5	56
Jun 2024	53	16	2	71
Jul 2024	19	19	5	43
Aug 2024	48	19	4	71
Sep 2024	32	30	3	65
Oct 2024	28	16	0	44
Nov 2024	46	24	2	72
Dec 2024	27	15	1	43
Jan 2025	45	21	0	66
Feb 2025	30	24	0	54
Mar 2025	29	12	0	41
Apr 2025	36	22	2	60
May 2025	41	15	0	56
Jun 2025	54	24	1	79
Jul 2025	26	25	4	55
Aug 2025	33	38	5	76
Sep 2025	106	43	2	151
Oct 2025	28	47	1	76
Nov 2025	46	43	3	92
Dec 2025	43	37	5	85
Jan 2026	68	48	7	123
Feb 2026	15	14	2	31

Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 29 Apr 2016)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Apr 2016	45	18	0	63
May 2016	100	23	0	123
Jun 2016	24	10	0	34
Jul 2016	8	3	0	11
Aug 2016	11	4	1	16
Sep 2016	11	2	1	14
Oct 2016	17	2	1	20
Nov 2016	16	13	0	29
Dec 2016	5	12	0	17
Jan 2017	161	60	2	223
Feb 2017	218	73	19	310
Mar 2017	157	55	16	228
Apr 2017	66	59	6	131
May 2017	76	27	6	109
Jun 2017	70	24	7	101
Jul 2017	41	33	3	77
Aug 2017	33	31	0	64
Sep 2017	40	24	0	64
Oct 2017	35	32	4	71
Nov 2017	25	29	3	57
Dec 2017	24	29	0	53
Jan 2018	25	29	0	54
Feb 2018	37	31	4	72
Mar 2018	22	39	0	61
Apr 2018	18	27	2	47
May 2018	24	40	1	65
Jun 2018	18	39	1	58
Jul 2018	18	30	0	48
Aug 2018	33	39	1	73
Sep 2018	24	23	0	47
Oct 2018	27	35	5	67
Nov 2018	27	39	5	71
Dec 2018	16	20	2	38
Jan 2019	14	19	0	33
Feb 2019	15	17	0	32
Mar 2019	15	25	1	41
Apr 2019	11	32	0	43
May 2019	13	30	2	45
Jun 2019	16	26	0	42
Jul 2019	26	27	1	54
Aug 2019	16	47	0	63
Sep 2019	18	26	0	44
Oct 2019	14	28	0	42
Nov 2019	14	24	0	38
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Jul 2020	53	82	32	167
Aug 2020	6	18	3	27
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Oct 2020	14	22	0	36
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Dec 2020	10	5	1	16
Jan 2021	36	15	1	52
Feb 2021	21	13	2	36
Mar 2021	26	5	0	31
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May 2021	20	22	2	44
Jun 2021	12	16	2	30
Jul 2021	14	8	0	22
Aug 2021	13	16	2	31
Sep 2021	24	26	1	51
Oct 2021	16	53	1	70
Nov 2021	11	27	1	39
Dec 2021	27	20	2	49
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Feb 2022	23	14	4	41
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Apr 2022	20	18	0	38
May 2022	12	10	3	25
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Nov 2022	43	21	4	68
Dec 2022	28	23	3	54
Jan 2023	35	39	4	78
Feb 2023	24	15	1	40
Mar 2023	22	16	1	39
Apr 2023	29	6	2	37
May 2023	23	19	2	44
Jun 2023	28	9	1	38
Jul 2023	24	30	1	55
Aug 2023	18	13	5	36
Sep 2023	24	17	3	44
Oct 2023	23	25	2	50
Nov 2023	13	14	1	28
Dec 2023	39	26	5	70
Jan 2024	27	20	1	48
Feb 2024	27	25	4	56
Mar 2024	24	15	3	42
Apr 2024	38	18	10	66
May 2024	28	23	5	56
Jun 2024	53	16	2	71
Jul 2024	19	19	5	43
Aug 2024	48	19	4	71
Sep 2024	32	30	3	65
Oct 2024	28	16	0	44
Nov 2024	46	24	2	72
Dec 2024	27	15	1	43
Jan 2025	45	21	0	66
Feb 2025	30	24	0	54
Mar 2025	29	12	0	41
Apr 2025	36	22	2	60
May 2025	41	15	0	56
Jun 2025	54	24	1	79
Jul 2025	26	25	4	55
Aug 2025	33	38	5	76
Sep 2025	106	43	2	151
Oct 2025	28	47	1	76
Nov 2025	46	43	3	92
Dec 2025	43	37	5	85
Jan 2026	68	48	7	123
Feb 2026	15	14	2	31

Latest update: 10 Feb 2026

Short summary

We present simulations of the history of Hardangerjøkulen ice cap in southern Norway using a dynamical ice sheet model. From mid-Holocene ice-free conditions 4000 years ago, Hardangerjøkulen grows nonlinearly in response to a linear climate forcing, reaching maximum extent during the Little Ice Age (~ 1750 AD). The ice cap exhibits spatially asymmetric growth and retreat and is highly sensitive to climate change. Our results call for reassessment of glacier reconstructions from proxy records.