Articles | Volume 11, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-1691-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-1691-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
21 Jul 2017
Research article |
| 21 Jul 2017
New observations indicate the possible presence of permafrost in North Africa (Djebel Toubkal, High Atlas, Morocco)
Centre for Geographical Studies, IGOT, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
Carla Mora
Centre for Geographical Studies, IGOT, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
Ali Faleh
Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fès, Morocco
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Cited
23 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Climate of the Marrakech High Atlas, Morocco: Temperature lapse rates and precipitation gradient from piedmont to summits B. Bell et al. 10.1080/15230430.2022.2046897
- The role of Little Ice Age glaciation in shaping the rock glacier morphology of Mount Kaçkar, Türkiye S. Yeşilyurt 10.1007/s42990-025-00160-y
- The enigma of relict large sorted stone stripes in the tropical Ethiopian Highlands A. Groos et al. 10.5194/esurf-9-145-2021
- Spatial variations in ground surface temperature at various scales on the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China R. Șerban et al. 10.1016/j.catena.2022.106811
- Ground thermal regimes and implications for permafrost distribution on Kilimanjaro, Tanzania K. Yoshikawa et al. 10.1080/15230430.2021.1903375
- Permafrost and periglacial processes in mid‐ and low‐latitude mountain regions J. Ruiz‐Fernández et al. 10.1002/ppp.2034
- An observational network of ground surface temperature under different land-cover types on the northeastern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau R. Şerban et al. 10.5194/essd-16-1425-2024
- First evidence of rock wall permafrost in the Pyrenees (Vignemale peak, 3,298 m a.s.l., 42°46′16″N/0°08′33″W) I. Rico et al. 10.1002/ppp.2130
- Snow hydrology in the Moroccan Atlas Mountains L. Hanich et al. 10.1016/j.ejrh.2022.101101
- Assessment of permafrost conditions in the highest mountains of the Balkan Peninsula A. Onaca et al. 10.1016/j.catena.2019.104288
- Assessment of relative tectonic activity using morphotectonic analysis in the Central High Atlas, Demnate Region, Morocco M. Ouayah et al. 10.1007/s12517-021-07126-y
- Is that a relict rock glacier? R. Colucci et al. 10.1016/j.geomorph.2019.02.002
- Frozen ground and periglacial processes relationship in temperate high mountains: a case study at Monte Perdido-Tucarroya area (The Pyrenees, Spain) E. Serrano et al. 10.1007/s11629-019-5614-5
- The last glaciers in Africa and their environmental implications J. Knight 10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2023.104863
- The importance of mountain-block recharge in semiarid basins: An insight from the High-Atlas, Morocco H. Bouimouass et al. 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.130818
- Permafrost conditions in the Mediterranean region since the Last Glaciation M. Oliva et al. 10.1016/j.earscirev.2018.06.018
- Late Pleistocene glaciers to present-day snowpatches: a review and research recommendations for the Marrakech High Atlas P. Hughes et al. 10.1007/s42990-020-00027-4
- Periglacial environments and frozen ground in the central Pyrenean high mountain area: Ground thermal regime and distribution of landforms and processes E. Serrano et al. 10.1002/ppp.2032
- Statistical understanding for snow cover effects on near-surface ground temperature at the margin of maritime Antarctica, King George Island H. Lim et al. 10.1016/j.geoderma.2021.115661
- Palynological evidence from a sub-alpine marsh of enhanced Little Ice Age snowpack in the Marrakech High Atlas, North Africa B. Bell et al. 10.1007/s00334-021-00837-y
- An hourly ground temperature dataset for 16 high-elevation sites (3493–4377 m a.s.l.) in the Bale Mountains, Ethiopia (2017–2020) A. Groos et al. 10.5194/essd-14-1043-2022
- Unlocking the plant growth-promoting potential of yeast spp.: exploring species from the Moroccan extremophilic environment for enhanced plant growth and sustainable farming A. Raklami et al. 10.1093/femsle/fnae015
- Timing of Pleistocene glaciations in the High Atlas, Morocco: New 10Be and 36Cl exposure ages P. Hughes et al. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.11.015
23 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Climate of the Marrakech High Atlas, Morocco: Temperature lapse rates and precipitation gradient from piedmont to summits B. Bell et al. 10.1080/15230430.2022.2046897
- The role of Little Ice Age glaciation in shaping the rock glacier morphology of Mount Kaçkar, Türkiye S. Yeşilyurt 10.1007/s42990-025-00160-y
- The enigma of relict large sorted stone stripes in the tropical Ethiopian Highlands A. Groos et al. 10.5194/esurf-9-145-2021
- Spatial variations in ground surface temperature at various scales on the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China R. Șerban et al. 10.1016/j.catena.2022.106811
- Ground thermal regimes and implications for permafrost distribution on Kilimanjaro, Tanzania K. Yoshikawa et al. 10.1080/15230430.2021.1903375
- Permafrost and periglacial processes in mid‐ and low‐latitude mountain regions J. Ruiz‐Fernández et al. 10.1002/ppp.2034
- An observational network of ground surface temperature under different land-cover types on the northeastern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau R. Şerban et al. 10.5194/essd-16-1425-2024
- First evidence of rock wall permafrost in the Pyrenees (Vignemale peak, 3,298 m a.s.l., 42°46′16″N/0°08′33″W) I. Rico et al. 10.1002/ppp.2130
- Snow hydrology in the Moroccan Atlas Mountains L. Hanich et al. 10.1016/j.ejrh.2022.101101
- Assessment of permafrost conditions in the highest mountains of the Balkan Peninsula A. Onaca et al. 10.1016/j.catena.2019.104288
- Assessment of relative tectonic activity using morphotectonic analysis in the Central High Atlas, Demnate Region, Morocco M. Ouayah et al. 10.1007/s12517-021-07126-y
- Is that a relict rock glacier? R. Colucci et al. 10.1016/j.geomorph.2019.02.002
- Frozen ground and periglacial processes relationship in temperate high mountains: a case study at Monte Perdido-Tucarroya area (The Pyrenees, Spain) E. Serrano et al. 10.1007/s11629-019-5614-5
- The last glaciers in Africa and their environmental implications J. Knight 10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2023.104863
- The importance of mountain-block recharge in semiarid basins: An insight from the High-Atlas, Morocco H. Bouimouass et al. 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.130818
- Permafrost conditions in the Mediterranean region since the Last Glaciation M. Oliva et al. 10.1016/j.earscirev.2018.06.018
- Late Pleistocene glaciers to present-day snowpatches: a review and research recommendations for the Marrakech High Atlas P. Hughes et al. 10.1007/s42990-020-00027-4
- Periglacial environments and frozen ground in the central Pyrenean high mountain area: Ground thermal regime and distribution of landforms and processes E. Serrano et al. 10.1002/ppp.2032
- Statistical understanding for snow cover effects on near-surface ground temperature at the margin of maritime Antarctica, King George Island H. Lim et al. 10.1016/j.geoderma.2021.115661
- Palynological evidence from a sub-alpine marsh of enhanced Little Ice Age snowpack in the Marrakech High Atlas, North Africa B. Bell et al. 10.1007/s00334-021-00837-y
- An hourly ground temperature dataset for 16 high-elevation sites (3493–4377 m a.s.l.) in the Bale Mountains, Ethiopia (2017–2020) A. Groos et al. 10.5194/essd-14-1043-2022
- Unlocking the plant growth-promoting potential of yeast spp.: exploring species from the Moroccan extremophilic environment for enhanced plant growth and sustainable farming A. Raklami et al. 10.1093/femsle/fnae015
- Timing of Pleistocene glaciations in the High Atlas, Morocco: New 10Be and 36Cl exposure ages P. Hughes et al. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.11.015
Discussed (final revised paper)
Latest update: 18 May 2025
Short summary
The Toubkal is the highest massif in North Africa (4167 m). Landforms and deposits above 3000 m show the effects of frost action in the present-day geomorphological dynamics, but data on ground temperatures were lacking. In this study ground surface temperature data measured across an altitudinal transect are presented and analysed for the first time. The highlight is the possible occurrence of permafrost at an elevation of 3800 m, which may be of high ecological and hydrological significance.
The Toubkal is the highest massif in North Africa (4167 m). Landforms and deposits above 3000 m...
Special issue