Articles | Volume 10, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-1125-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-1125-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
27 May 2016
Research article |
| 27 May 2016
Imaging air volume fraction in sea ice using non-destructive X-ray tomography
Department of Geological Sciences, Centre for Earth Observation, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
Ryan Galley
Department of Geological Sciences, Centre for Earth Observation, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
Bruno Delille
Unité d'Océanographie Chimique, MARE, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
Brent Else
Department of Geography, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Nicolas-Xavier Geilfus
Department of Geological Sciences, Centre for Earth Observation, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
Marcos Lemes
Department of Geological Sciences, Centre for Earth Observation, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
Mathieu Des Roches
Centre Eau terre et Environement, INRS-Été-Quebec, Quebec, Canada
Pierre Francus
Centre Eau terre et Environement, INRS-Été-Quebec, Quebec, Canada
Jean-Louis Tison
Laboratoire de Glaciologie, DSTE, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
Søren Rysgaard
Department of Geological Sciences, Centre for Earth Observation, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Greenland Climate Research Centre, Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Nuuk, Greenland
Viewed
Total article views: 5,976 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 30 Sep 2015)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3,113 | 2,515 | 348 | 5,976 | 350 | 373 |
- HTML: 3,113
- PDF: 2,515
- XML: 348
- Total: 5,976
- BibTeX: 350
- EndNote: 373
Total article views: 4,691 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 27 May 2016)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2,429 | 1,939 | 323 | 4,691 | 331 | 348 |
- HTML: 2,429
- PDF: 1,939
- XML: 323
- Total: 4,691
- BibTeX: 331
- EndNote: 348
Total article views: 1,285 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 30 Sep 2015)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 684 | 576 | 25 | 1,285 | 19 | 25 |
- HTML: 684
- PDF: 576
- XML: 25
- Total: 1,285
- BibTeX: 19
- EndNote: 25
Cited
49 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Features of the Intrinsic L-Band Radiation of the Gulf of Ob during the Freeze-Up Period V. Tikhonov et al. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0001433820090236
- Microstructure evolution of young sea ice from a Svalbard fjord using micro-CT analysis M. Salomon et al. https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2021.119
- Experimental study on the flexural strength of sea ice during melt season in Central Arctic Regions S. Yu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2026.105117
- Seasonal evolution of brackish ice microstructure during growth and decay processes M. Yu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104740
- An Algorithm to Image Individual Phase Fractions of Multiphase Flows Using Electrical Capacitance Tomography M. Hossain et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2020.3009673
- Uncertainty reduction in quantitative characterization of ablating river ice microstructure for reliable ice-load assessment Z. Hao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2026.113093
- Sea ice mechanics F. Paul* et al. https://doi.org/10.7494/cmms.2023.3.0816
- Optical properties of ice in a shallow Chinese lake (Hanzhang) with consequent impacts on primary production T. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177512
- Examining the physical processes of corn oil (medium crude oil surrogate) in sea ice and its resultant effect on complex permittivity and normalized radar cross-section D. Desmond et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.03.067
- A study on the role of sea ice in the nitrous oxide cycle in the Prydz Bay, Antarctica M. Wu et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1495913
- Properties and stratigraphy of polar ice patches in the Canadian High Arctic reveal their current resilience to warm summers G. Davesne et al. https://doi.org/10.1139/as-2021-0011
- Physical Mechanism and Parameterization for Correcting Radar Wave Velocity in Yellow River Ice with Air Temperature and Ice Thickness Z. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15041121
- A Model of Microwave Emission from Mouth Regions of Arctic Rivers Providing for Radiometer Pixel Land Contamination V. Tikhonov et al. https://doi.org/10.31857/S0205961424030026
- Relationship of physical and mechanical properties of sea ice during the freeze-up season in Nansen Basin V. Hornnes et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2024.104353
- Relationship between Permeability, Porosity, and Microstructure of Sea Ice in Amur Bay Based on In-Situ Measurements and Magnetic Resonance Tomography N. Melnichenko et al. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0001437022040166
- Investigation into the geometry and distribution of oil inclusions in sea ice using non-destructive X-ray microtomography and its implications for remote sensing and mitigation potential D. Desmond et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112996
- Brief communication: Limitations of medical X-ray computed tomography for estimating ice content in permafrost samples M. Roustaei et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-5265-2026
- Probabilistic estimation of level ice resistance on ships based on sea ice properties measured along summer Arctic cruise paths Q. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2021.103336
- A Novel Method to Mitigate Real–Imaginary Image Imbalance in Microwave Tomography M. Islam et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TBME.2019.2936125
- Metrics for interpreting the microstructure of sea ice using X-ray micro-computed tomography R. Lieb-Lappen et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2017.03.001
- The influence of sea-ice conditions on crude oil spill behaviour D. Saltymakova et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2024.104160
- Experimental study on ice adhesion forces of the copper plates with specific contact angle and roughness H. Deng et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2020.100942
- Effect of dissolution, evaporation, and photooxidation on crude oil chemical composition, dielectric properties and its radar signature in the Arctic environment. D. Saltymakova et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110629
- Gas dynamics within landfast sea ice of an Arctic fjord (NE Greenland) during the spring–summer transition N. Geilfus et al. https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.2022.00056
- Impact of air-ice CO2 fluxes on polar ocean carbon budgets from a bipolar data compilation O. Crabeck et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-73737-2
- Life in the Frozen Ocean M. Babin et al. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-032123-025316
- Micro- and nanoplastic transfer in freezing saltwater: implications for their fate in polar waters P. Alice et al. https://doi.org/10.1039/D1EM00280E
- A spatially heterogeneous porous model for sea ice mechanical failure A. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2026.111678
- Investigation of Microstructure and Density of Atmospheric Ice Formed by High-Wind-Speed In-Cloud Icing R. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13071015
- Characterizing the microstructure of Yellow River ice using X-ray computed tomography S. Hu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2026.105149
- Distribution and Driving Mechanism of N2O in Sea Ice and Its Underlying Seawater during Arctic Melt Season J. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14020145
- A Model of Microwave Emission from Mouth Regions of Arctic Rivers Providing for Radiometer Pixel Land Contamination V. Tikhonov et al. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0001433824700981
- Air-ice carbon pathways inferred from a sea ice tank experiment M. Kotovitch et al. https://doi.org/10.12952/journal.elementa.000112
- Porosity formation during atmospheric ice accretion: measurements using micro-computed tomography J. Velandia et al. https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2021.68
- Sea Ice CO2 Dynamics Across Seasons: Impact of Processes at the Interfaces F. Van der Linden et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JC015807
- Microplastics in sea ice: A fingerprint of bubble flotation I. Chubarenko et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164611
- Impact of Microstructure on Solar Radiation Transfer Within Sea Ice During Summer in the Arctic: A Model Sensitivity Study M. Yu et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.861994
- An X-ray micro-tomographic study of the pore space, permeability and percolation threshold of young sea ice S. Maus et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4047-2021
- Study on freezing separation process through observing microstructure of NaCl solution ice H. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2024.129674
- Photooxidation and biodegradation potential of a light crude oil in first-year sea ice D. Desmond et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112154
- Modeled variations in the inherent optical properties of summer Arctic ice and their effects on the radiation budget: a case based on ice cores from 2008 to 2016 M. Yu et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-273-2024
- An Electromagnetic Detection Case Study on Crude Oil Injection in a Young Sea Ice Environment N. Firoozy et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2017.2692734
- Physical and optical characteristics of heavily melted “rotten” Arctic sea ice C. Frantz et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-775-2019
- 3D interfacial visualization of ice on solid substrates: unveiling microinterlocking ice N. Mostofi Sarkari et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2026.141180
- Evidence of Freezing Pressure in Sea Ice Discrete Brine Inclusions and Its Impact on Aqueous‐Gaseous Equilibrium O. Crabeck et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JC014597
- Impacts of air fraction increase on Arctic sea ice density, freeboard, and thickness estimation during the melt season E. Salganik et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-1259-2025
- Seasonal evolution of granular and columnar sea ice pore microstructure and pore network connectivity M. Oggier & H. Eicken https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2022.1
- Detailed atmospheric ice accretion surface measurement using micro‐computed tomography J. Velandia & S. Bansmer https://doi.org/10.1002/asl.997
- Review of the design considerations for the laboratory growth of sea ice B. Hall et al. https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2022.115
49 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Features of the Intrinsic L-Band Radiation of the Gulf of Ob during the Freeze-Up Period V. Tikhonov et al. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0001433820090236
- Microstructure evolution of young sea ice from a Svalbard fjord using micro-CT analysis M. Salomon et al. https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2021.119
- Experimental study on the flexural strength of sea ice during melt season in Central Arctic Regions S. Yu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2026.105117
- Seasonal evolution of brackish ice microstructure during growth and decay processes M. Yu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104740
- An Algorithm to Image Individual Phase Fractions of Multiphase Flows Using Electrical Capacitance Tomography M. Hossain et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2020.3009673
- Uncertainty reduction in quantitative characterization of ablating river ice microstructure for reliable ice-load assessment Z. Hao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2026.113093
- Sea ice mechanics F. Paul* et al. https://doi.org/10.7494/cmms.2023.3.0816
- Optical properties of ice in a shallow Chinese lake (Hanzhang) with consequent impacts on primary production T. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177512
- Examining the physical processes of corn oil (medium crude oil surrogate) in sea ice and its resultant effect on complex permittivity and normalized radar cross-section D. Desmond et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.03.067
- A study on the role of sea ice in the nitrous oxide cycle in the Prydz Bay, Antarctica M. Wu et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1495913
- Properties and stratigraphy of polar ice patches in the Canadian High Arctic reveal their current resilience to warm summers G. Davesne et al. https://doi.org/10.1139/as-2021-0011
- Physical Mechanism and Parameterization for Correcting Radar Wave Velocity in Yellow River Ice with Air Temperature and Ice Thickness Z. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15041121
- A Model of Microwave Emission from Mouth Regions of Arctic Rivers Providing for Radiometer Pixel Land Contamination V. Tikhonov et al. https://doi.org/10.31857/S0205961424030026
- Relationship of physical and mechanical properties of sea ice during the freeze-up season in Nansen Basin V. Hornnes et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2024.104353
- Relationship between Permeability, Porosity, and Microstructure of Sea Ice in Amur Bay Based on In-Situ Measurements and Magnetic Resonance Tomography N. Melnichenko et al. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0001437022040166
- Investigation into the geometry and distribution of oil inclusions in sea ice using non-destructive X-ray microtomography and its implications for remote sensing and mitigation potential D. Desmond et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112996
- Brief communication: Limitations of medical X-ray computed tomography for estimating ice content in permafrost samples M. Roustaei et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-5265-2026
- Probabilistic estimation of level ice resistance on ships based on sea ice properties measured along summer Arctic cruise paths Q. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2021.103336
- A Novel Method to Mitigate Real–Imaginary Image Imbalance in Microwave Tomography M. Islam et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TBME.2019.2936125
- Metrics for interpreting the microstructure of sea ice using X-ray micro-computed tomography R. Lieb-Lappen et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2017.03.001
- The influence of sea-ice conditions on crude oil spill behaviour D. Saltymakova et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2024.104160
- Experimental study on ice adhesion forces of the copper plates with specific contact angle and roughness H. Deng et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2020.100942
- Effect of dissolution, evaporation, and photooxidation on crude oil chemical composition, dielectric properties and its radar signature in the Arctic environment. D. Saltymakova et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110629
- Gas dynamics within landfast sea ice of an Arctic fjord (NE Greenland) during the spring–summer transition N. Geilfus et al. https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.2022.00056
- Impact of air-ice CO2 fluxes on polar ocean carbon budgets from a bipolar data compilation O. Crabeck et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-73737-2
- Life in the Frozen Ocean M. Babin et al. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-032123-025316
- Micro- and nanoplastic transfer in freezing saltwater: implications for their fate in polar waters P. Alice et al. https://doi.org/10.1039/D1EM00280E
- A spatially heterogeneous porous model for sea ice mechanical failure A. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2026.111678
- Investigation of Microstructure and Density of Atmospheric Ice Formed by High-Wind-Speed In-Cloud Icing R. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13071015
- Characterizing the microstructure of Yellow River ice using X-ray computed tomography S. Hu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2026.105149
- Distribution and Driving Mechanism of N2O in Sea Ice and Its Underlying Seawater during Arctic Melt Season J. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14020145
- A Model of Microwave Emission from Mouth Regions of Arctic Rivers Providing for Radiometer Pixel Land Contamination V. Tikhonov et al. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0001433824700981
- Air-ice carbon pathways inferred from a sea ice tank experiment M. Kotovitch et al. https://doi.org/10.12952/journal.elementa.000112
- Porosity formation during atmospheric ice accretion: measurements using micro-computed tomography J. Velandia et al. https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2021.68
- Sea Ice CO2 Dynamics Across Seasons: Impact of Processes at the Interfaces F. Van der Linden et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JC015807
- Microplastics in sea ice: A fingerprint of bubble flotation I. Chubarenko et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164611
- Impact of Microstructure on Solar Radiation Transfer Within Sea Ice During Summer in the Arctic: A Model Sensitivity Study M. Yu et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.861994
- An X-ray micro-tomographic study of the pore space, permeability and percolation threshold of young sea ice S. Maus et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4047-2021
- Study on freezing separation process through observing microstructure of NaCl solution ice H. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2024.129674
- Photooxidation and biodegradation potential of a light crude oil in first-year sea ice D. Desmond et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112154
- Modeled variations in the inherent optical properties of summer Arctic ice and their effects on the radiation budget: a case based on ice cores from 2008 to 2016 M. Yu et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-273-2024
- An Electromagnetic Detection Case Study on Crude Oil Injection in a Young Sea Ice Environment N. Firoozy et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2017.2692734
- Physical and optical characteristics of heavily melted “rotten” Arctic sea ice C. Frantz et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-775-2019
- 3D interfacial visualization of ice on solid substrates: unveiling microinterlocking ice N. Mostofi Sarkari et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2026.141180
- Evidence of Freezing Pressure in Sea Ice Discrete Brine Inclusions and Its Impact on Aqueous‐Gaseous Equilibrium O. Crabeck et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JC014597
- Impacts of air fraction increase on Arctic sea ice density, freeboard, and thickness estimation during the melt season E. Salganik et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-1259-2025
- Seasonal evolution of granular and columnar sea ice pore microstructure and pore network connectivity M. Oggier & H. Eicken https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2022.1
- Detailed atmospheric ice accretion surface measurement using micro‐computed tomography J. Velandia & S. Bansmer https://doi.org/10.1002/asl.997
- Review of the design considerations for the laboratory growth of sea ice B. Hall et al. https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2022.115
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 09 Nov 2026
Short summary
We present a new non-destructive X-ray-computed tomography technique to quantify the air volume fraction and produce separate 3-D images of air-volume inclusions in sea ice. While the internal layers showed air-volume fractions < 2 %, the ice–air interface (top 2 cm) showed values up to 5 %. As a result of the presence of large bubbles and higher air volume fraction measurements in sea ice, we introduce new perspectives on processes regulating gas exchange at the ice–atmosphere interface.
We present a new non-destructive X-ray-computed tomography technique to quantify the air volume...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint