Preprints
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2018-268
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2018-268
04 Jan 2019
 | 04 Jan 2019
Status: this preprint was under review for the journal TC but the revision was not accepted.

Shear failure of weak snow layers in the first hours after burial

Benjamin Reuter, Neige Calonne, and Ed Adams

Abstract. In a dry stratified snowcover slab avalanches release following failure in a weak layer below the slab. Typically, such weak layers consist either of persistent grain types or precipitation particles. Experience suggests that non-persistent instabilities often crest during or towards the end of a storm – probably because weak layers of precipitation particles strengthen rapidly. Studies so far have mainly focused on persistent grain types providing only sparse data to describe non-persistent weak layer failure.

To understand differences between persistent and non-persistent weak layers we measured fracture mechanical properties relevant for avalanche release in a temporal series of laboratory tests. At defined lag times we tested small layered samples containing a weak layer of surface hoar, facets or decomposing fragmented particles in shear. Highspeed frames from the failure zone and image correlation analysis confirm that weak layers concentrate the shear strain. Failure consistently occurred after 20–30 % of strain energy was dissipated – despite shear strain rates as high 10−2 s−1. Our results of shear modulus and shear fracture toughness compare well with published data. The values for surface hoar and decomposing fragmented particles increased due to sintering. In the first hours after burial both weak layers had similarly low values, indicating they are equally fragile. Only for surface hoar and decomposing fragmented particles could we calibrate a formulation which allows for estimating the shear modulus from SMP signals.

Publisher's note: Copernicus Publications remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims made in the text, published maps, institutional affiliations, or any other geographical representation in this preprint. The responsibility to include appropriate place names lies with the authors.
Benjamin Reuter, Neige Calonne, and Ed Adams
 
Status: closed
Status: closed
AC: Author comment | RC: Referee comment | SC: Short comment | EC: Editor comment
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Status: closed
Status: closed
AC: Author comment | RC: Referee comment | SC: Short comment | EC: Editor comment
Printer-friendly Version - Printer-friendly version Supplement - Supplement
Benjamin Reuter, Neige Calonne, and Ed Adams
Benjamin Reuter, Neige Calonne, and Ed Adams

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Latest update: 06 Dec 2024
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Short summary
Storm snow instabilities often crest during storms which hampers field experiements. Yet, layers of nature-like snow can be created in the lab. We shear tested samples containing typical storm snow and other weak layers. Failure was consistently located in the weak layer and ocurred after linear elastic-perfectly plastic deformation. Measurements of shear modulus and fracture toughness indicate that surface hoar and precipitation particles are equally fragile in the first hours after burial.