Review of Radar Altimetry Techniques over the Arctic Ocean: Recent Progress and Future Opportunities for Sea Level and Sea Ice Research
- 1Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, UK
- 2Finnish Meteorological Institute, Erik Palménin aukio 1, FI-00560 Helsinki, Finland
- 3Deutsches Geodätisches Forschungsinstitut, Technische Universität München (DGFI-TUM), München, Germany
- 4DTU Space, National Space Institute, Elektrovej Bygning 327, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- 5He Space, Robert-Bosch-Strasse 7, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
- 6LEGOS, 4 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France
- 7Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES), 18 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France
- 8Alfred Wegener Institute, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
- 9Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling, Earth Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- 1Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, UK
- 2Finnish Meteorological Institute, Erik Palménin aukio 1, FI-00560 Helsinki, Finland
- 3Deutsches Geodätisches Forschungsinstitut, Technische Universität München (DGFI-TUM), München, Germany
- 4DTU Space, National Space Institute, Elektrovej Bygning 327, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- 5He Space, Robert-Bosch-Strasse 7, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
- 6LEGOS, 4 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France
- 7Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES), 18 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France
- 8Alfred Wegener Institute, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
- 9Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling, Earth Sciences, University College London, London, UK
Abstract. There are numerous needs for monitoring sea level and sea ice in the Arctic, ranging from concern about changes in ice cover being both an indicator and a driver of long-term climate change to shipping interest in alternative routes and the associated risks to the safety of vessels and crew. Furthermore, sea level relative to the geoid allows us to quantify the geostrophic circulation, including any changes in the flow. Radar altimeters provide an important means of quantifying changes in sea level and sea-ice thickness, although there are increased complexities in the interpretation of their data over such a variable surface. This paper reviews the techniques for deriving useful geophysical information over a mix of leads and ice floes, covering the approaches for both conventional (low rate mode) altimetry and the newer delay-Doppler (Synthetic Aperture Radar) instruments. It discusses the challenges in discriminating the returns from different surfaces, the retracking approaches and the corrections required. The review finishes with a look ahead to how new technologies, analyses and understanding may be expected to improve the monitoring in this critical environment.
Graham D. Quartly et al.


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RC1: 'Comments on manuscript by Quartly et al.', Anonymous Referee #1, 09 Aug 2018
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RC2: 'Review of Quartly et al.', Anonymous Referee #2, 10 Aug 2018
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RC3: 'Review of Quartly et al. ‘Review of Radar Altimetry Techniques over the Arctic Ocean: Recent Progress and Future Opportunities for Sea Level and Sea Ice Research', Anonymous Referee #3, 22 Aug 2018
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AC1: 'Response to Comments from all 3 reviewers', Graham Quartly, 23 Oct 2018


-
RC1: 'Comments on manuscript by Quartly et al.', Anonymous Referee #1, 09 Aug 2018
-
RC2: 'Review of Quartly et al.', Anonymous Referee #2, 10 Aug 2018
-
RC3: 'Review of Quartly et al. ‘Review of Radar Altimetry Techniques over the Arctic Ocean: Recent Progress and Future Opportunities for Sea Level and Sea Ice Research', Anonymous Referee #3, 22 Aug 2018
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AC1: 'Response to Comments from all 3 reviewers', Graham Quartly, 23 Oct 2018
Graham D. Quartly et al.
Graham D. Quartly et al.
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