Articles | Volume 16, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-581-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-581-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
17 Feb 2022
Research article |
| 17 Feb 2022
| 17 Feb 2022
Geometric controls of tidewater glacier dynamics
Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
Henning Åkesson
Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Basile de Fleurian
Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
Mathieu Morlighem
Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
Kerim H. Nisancioglu
Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
Centre for Earth Evolution and Dynamics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Cited
20 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Simulating the Holocene evolution of Ryder Glacier, North Greenland J. Barnett et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-3631-2025
- Effects of topography on dynamics and mass loss of lake-terminating glaciers in southern Patagonia M. Minowa et al. https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2023.42
- Projected sea-level contributions from tidewater glaciers are highly sensitive to chosen bedrock topography: a case study at Hansbreen, Svalbard M. Möller et al. https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2022.117
- Characteristics of dynamic thickness change across diverse outlet glacier geometries and basal conditions D. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2024.50
- Exploring the conditions conducive to convection within the Greenland Ice Sheet R. Law et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-1071-2026
- AMD-HookNet++: Evolution of AMD-HookNet With Hybrid CNN–Transformer Feature Enhancement for Glacier Calving Front Segmentation F. Wu et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2025.3642764
- AMD-HookNet for Glacier Front Segmentation F. Wu et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2023.3245419
- Outlet glacier seasonal terminus prediction using interpretable machine learning K. Shionalyn et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-1725-2026
- The state and fate of Glaciar Perito Moreno Patagonia M. Koch et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02515-7
- Widespread seasonal speed-up of west Antarctic Peninsula glaciers from 2014 to 2021 B. Wallis et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-023-01131-4
- Sea level rise contribution from Ryder Glacier in northern Greenland varies by an order of magnitude by 2300 depending on future emissions F. Holmes et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-2695-2025
- Atmosphere-ocean driven glacial changes in West Graham Land, Antarctic Peninsula Y. Dong et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02939-1
- Ice volume and thickness of all Scandinavian glaciers and ice caps T. Frank & W. van Pelt https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2024.25
- Contextual HookFormer for Glacier Calving Front Segmentation F. Wu et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2024.3368215
- Combining “Deep Learning” and Physically Constrained Neural Networks to Derive Complex Glaciological Change Processes from Modern High-Resolution Satellite Imagery: Application of the GEOCLASS-Image System to Create VarioCNN for Glacier Surges U. Herzfeld et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16111854
- Capturing the transition from marine to land-terminating glacier from the 126-year retreat history of Nordenskiöldbreen, Svalbard J. Kavan et al. https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2023.92
- Ice motion across incised fjord landscapes S. Barndon et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-2757-2026
- Surface Velocity and Dynamics of the Southern Patagonian Icefield Using Feature and Speckle Tracking Methods on Sentinel-1 SAR Images During 2019–2020 V. Jó et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17223742
- Iceberg Calving: Regimes and Transitions R. Alley et al. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-032320-110916
- Global glacier-free topography reveals a large potential for future lakes in presently ice-covered terrain T. Frank et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-72548-9
20 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Simulating the Holocene evolution of Ryder Glacier, North Greenland J. Barnett et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-3631-2025
- Effects of topography on dynamics and mass loss of lake-terminating glaciers in southern Patagonia M. Minowa et al. https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2023.42
- Projected sea-level contributions from tidewater glaciers are highly sensitive to chosen bedrock topography: a case study at Hansbreen, Svalbard M. Möller et al. https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2022.117
- Characteristics of dynamic thickness change across diverse outlet glacier geometries and basal conditions D. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2024.50
- Exploring the conditions conducive to convection within the Greenland Ice Sheet R. Law et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-1071-2026
- AMD-HookNet++: Evolution of AMD-HookNet With Hybrid CNN–Transformer Feature Enhancement for Glacier Calving Front Segmentation F. Wu et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2025.3642764
- AMD-HookNet for Glacier Front Segmentation F. Wu et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2023.3245419
- Outlet glacier seasonal terminus prediction using interpretable machine learning K. Shionalyn et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-1725-2026
- The state and fate of Glaciar Perito Moreno Patagonia M. Koch et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02515-7
- Widespread seasonal speed-up of west Antarctic Peninsula glaciers from 2014 to 2021 B. Wallis et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-023-01131-4
- Sea level rise contribution from Ryder Glacier in northern Greenland varies by an order of magnitude by 2300 depending on future emissions F. Holmes et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-2695-2025
- Atmosphere-ocean driven glacial changes in West Graham Land, Antarctic Peninsula Y. Dong et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02939-1
- Ice volume and thickness of all Scandinavian glaciers and ice caps T. Frank & W. van Pelt https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2024.25
- Contextual HookFormer for Glacier Calving Front Segmentation F. Wu et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2024.3368215
- Combining “Deep Learning” and Physically Constrained Neural Networks to Derive Complex Glaciological Change Processes from Modern High-Resolution Satellite Imagery: Application of the GEOCLASS-Image System to Create VarioCNN for Glacier Surges U. Herzfeld et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16111854
- Capturing the transition from marine to land-terminating glacier from the 126-year retreat history of Nordenskiöldbreen, Svalbard J. Kavan et al. https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2023.92
- Ice motion across incised fjord landscapes S. Barndon et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-2757-2026
- Surface Velocity and Dynamics of the Southern Patagonian Icefield Using Feature and Speckle Tracking Methods on Sentinel-1 SAR Images During 2019–2020 V. Jó et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17223742
- Iceberg Calving: Regimes and Transitions R. Alley et al. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-032320-110916
- Global glacier-free topography reveals a large potential for future lakes in presently ice-covered terrain T. Frank et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-72548-9
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 17 Jun 2026
Short summary
The shape of a fjord can promote or inhibit glacier retreat in response to climate change. We conduct experiments with a synthetic setup under idealized conditions in a numerical model to study and quantify the processes involved. We find that friction between ice and fjord is the most important factor and that it is possible to directly link ice discharge and grounding line retreat to fjord topography in a quantitative way.
The shape of a fjord can promote or inhibit glacier retreat in response to climate change. We...
