Articles | Volume 16, issue 10
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-4163-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-4163-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Antarctic surface climate and surface mass balance in the Community Earth System Model version 2 during the satellite era and into the future (1979–2100)
Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
Jan T. M. Lenaerts
Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
Rajashree Tri Datta
Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
Tessa Gorte
Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
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Cited
16 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Short- and long-term variability of the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets E. Hanna et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-023-00509-7
- Fifty years of instrumental surface mass balance observations at Vostok Station, central Antarctica A. Ekaykin et al. https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2023.53
- Emulating the expansion of Antarctic perennial firn aquifers in the 21st century S. Veldhuijsen et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-5157-2025
- Subhourly ice surface temperature retrieval over the Larsen C Ice Shelf using geostationary satellite data and machine learning Y. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/15481603.2025.2595731
- Higher Antarctic ice sheet accumulation and surface melt rates revealed at 2 km resolution B. Noël et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-43584-6
- Antarctic-wide ice-shelf firn emulation reveals robust future firn air depletion signal for the Antarctic Peninsula D. Dunmire et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01255-4
- Changes in Antarctic surface conditions and potential for ice shelf hydrofracturing from 1850 to 2200 N. Jourdain et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-1641-2025
- Surface mass balance and climate of the Last Glacial Maximum Northern Hemisphere ice sheets: simulations with CESM2.1 S. Bradley et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-211-2024
- Contrasting current and future surface melt rates on the ice sheets of Greenland and Antarctica: Lessons from in situ observations and climate models M. van den Broeke et al. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000203
- Disentangling the drivers of future Antarctic ice loss with a historically calibrated ice-sheet model V. Coulon et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-653-2024
- Evaluating the impact of enhanced horizontal resolution over the Antarctic domain using a variable-resolution Earth system model R. Datta et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-3847-2023
- Rising atmospheric moisture escalates the future impact of atmospheric rivers in the Antarctic climate system M. Maclennan et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02333-x
- Recent increase in the surface mass balance in central East Antarctica is unprecedented for the last 2000 years A. Ekaykin et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01355-1
- Decoded Antarctic snow accumulation history reconciles observed and modeled trends in accumulation and large-scale warming patterns D. Schneider et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-17-1395-2026
- South Pacific Convergence Zone driven atmospheric river changes over Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica: Observational and CESM2 LENS2 evidence Q. Wu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2026.108794
- Recent intensification of extreme precipitation over East Antarctica driven by increases in greenhouse gases and stratospheric ozone S. Chittella et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-5005-2026
16 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Short- and long-term variability of the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets E. Hanna et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-023-00509-7
- Fifty years of instrumental surface mass balance observations at Vostok Station, central Antarctica A. Ekaykin et al. https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2023.53
- Emulating the expansion of Antarctic perennial firn aquifers in the 21st century S. Veldhuijsen et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-5157-2025
- Subhourly ice surface temperature retrieval over the Larsen C Ice Shelf using geostationary satellite data and machine learning Y. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/15481603.2025.2595731
- Higher Antarctic ice sheet accumulation and surface melt rates revealed at 2 km resolution B. Noël et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-43584-6
- Antarctic-wide ice-shelf firn emulation reveals robust future firn air depletion signal for the Antarctic Peninsula D. Dunmire et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01255-4
- Changes in Antarctic surface conditions and potential for ice shelf hydrofracturing from 1850 to 2200 N. Jourdain et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-1641-2025
- Surface mass balance and climate of the Last Glacial Maximum Northern Hemisphere ice sheets: simulations with CESM2.1 S. Bradley et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-211-2024
- Contrasting current and future surface melt rates on the ice sheets of Greenland and Antarctica: Lessons from in situ observations and climate models M. van den Broeke et al. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000203
- Disentangling the drivers of future Antarctic ice loss with a historically calibrated ice-sheet model V. Coulon et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-653-2024
- Evaluating the impact of enhanced horizontal resolution over the Antarctic domain using a variable-resolution Earth system model R. Datta et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-3847-2023
- Rising atmospheric moisture escalates the future impact of atmospheric rivers in the Antarctic climate system M. Maclennan et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02333-x
- Recent increase in the surface mass balance in central East Antarctica is unprecedented for the last 2000 years A. Ekaykin et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01355-1
- Decoded Antarctic snow accumulation history reconciles observed and modeled trends in accumulation and large-scale warming patterns D. Schneider et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-17-1395-2026
- South Pacific Convergence Zone driven atmospheric river changes over Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica: Observational and CESM2 LENS2 evidence Q. Wu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2026.108794
- Recent intensification of extreme precipitation over East Antarctica driven by increases in greenhouse gases and stratospheric ozone S. Chittella et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-5005-2026
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 07 Nov 2026
Short summary
Earth system models (ESMs) are used to model the climate system and the interactions of its components (atmosphere, ocean, etc.) both historically and into the future under different assumptions of human activity. The representation of Antarctica in ESMs is important because it can inform projections of the ice sheet's contribution to sea level rise. Here, we compare output of Antarctica's surface climate from an ESM with observations to understand strengths and weaknesses within the model.
Earth system models (ESMs) are used to model the climate system and the interactions of its...
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