Articles | Volume 15, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-743-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-743-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
17 Feb 2021
Research article |
| 17 Feb 2021
| 17 Feb 2021
Multi-scale snowdrift-permitting modelling of mountain snowpack
Vincent Vionnet
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Centre for Hydrology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
Environmental Numerical Prediction Research, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Dorval, QC, Canada
Christopher B. Marsh
Centre for Hydrology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
Brian Menounos
Natural Resources and Environmental Studies Institute and Geography Program, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, V2N 4Z9, Canada
Simon Gascoin
Centre d'Études Spatiales de la Biosphère, UPS/CNRS/IRD/INRAE/CNES, Toulouse, France
Nicholas E. Wayand
Centre for Hydrology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
Joseph Shea
Natural Resources and Environmental Studies Institute and Geography Program, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, V2N 4Z9, Canada
Kriti Mukherjee
Natural Resources and Environmental Studies Institute and Geography Program, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, V2N 4Z9, Canada
John W. Pomeroy
Centre for Hydrology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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- A seasonal snowpack model forced with dynamically downscaled forcing data resolves hydrologically relevant accumulation patterns J. Berg et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2024.1393260
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- Operational snow-hydrological modeling for Switzerland R. Mott et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2023.1228158
- The cold regions hydrological modelling platform for hydrological diagnosis and prediction based on process understanding J. Pomeroy et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.128711
- Land Surface Modeling in the Himalayas: On the Importance of Evaporative Fluxes for the Water Balance of a High‐Elevation Catchment P. Buri et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022WR033841
48 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Exploring how Sentinel-1 wet-snow maps can inform fully distributed physically based snowpack models B. Cluzet et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-5753-2024
- SnowPappus v1.0, a blowing-snow model for large-scale applications of the Crocus snow scheme M. Baron et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-1297-2024
- High-resolution hydrometeorological and snow data for the Dischma catchment in Switzerland J. Magnusson et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-703-2025
- Wind‐Topo: Downscaling near‐surface wind fields to high‐resolution topography in highly complex terrain with deep learning J. Dujardin & M. Lehning https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4265
- Daily station-level records of air temperature, snow depth, and ground temperature in the Northern Hemisphere V. Tran et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-03483-x
- A two-fold deep-learning strategy to correct and downscale winds over mountains L. Le Toumelin et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-31-75-2024
- The hectometric modelling challenge: Gaps in the current state of the art and ways forward towards the implementation of 100‐m scale weather and climate models H. Lean et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4858
- Spatial variability in winter mass balance on Storglaciären modelled with a terrain-based approach Y. Terleth et al. https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2022.96
- Estimation of the Snow Water Equivalent Using Muon Scattering Radiography A. Orio‐Alonso et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL104128
- Advances in modelling large river basins in cold regions with Modélisation Environmentale Communautaire—Surface and Hydrology (MESH), the Canadian hydrological land surface scheme H. Wheater et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.14557
- Spatial distribution and controls of snowmelt runoff in a sublimation-dominated environment in the semiarid Andes of Chile Á. Ayala et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3463-2023
- A novel framework to investigate wind-driven snow redistribution over an Alpine glacier: combination of high-resolution terrestrial laser scans and large-eddy simulations A. Voordendag et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-849-2024
- FROSTBYTE: a reproducible data-driven workflow for probabilistic seasonal streamflow forecasting in snow-fed river basins across North America L. Arnal et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-4127-2024
- Snow depth in high-resolution regional climate model simulations over southern Germany – suitable for extremes and impact-related research? B. Poschlod & A. Daloz https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-1959-2024
- Predictions of Wind-Induced Snow Redistribution on Long-Span Building Roofs Using Two-Way Coupled Simulations Y. Peng et al. https://doi.org/10.1061/JCRGEI.CRENG-783
- Recent Advances in Snow Monitoring from Local to Global Scales J. Revuelto et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40641-025-00207-0
- In-situ Temperature Stations Elucidate Species’ Phenological Responses to Climate in the Alps, but Meteorological and Snow Reanalysis Facilitates Broad Scale and Long-Term Studies I. Laigle et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.912048
- Seasonal snow–atmosphere modeling: let's do it D. Reynolds et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-4315-2024
- Cryosphere–groundwater connectivity is a missing link in the mountain water cycle M. van Tiel et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44221-024-00277-8
- Shifted dominant flood drivers of an alpine glacierized catchment in the Tianshan region revealed through interpretable deep learning W. Liang et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-00918-z
- Understanding wind-driven melt of patchy snow cover L. van der Valk et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-4319-2022
- A Novel Approach Based on a Hierarchical Multiresolution Analysis of Optical Time Series to Reconstruct the Daily High-Resolution Snow Cover Area V. Premier et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2021.3103585
- Intercomparison of Sentinel-2 and modelled snow cover maps in a high-elevation Alpine catchment F. Hofmeister et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydroa.2022.100123
- Evaluating a prediction system for snow management P. Ebner et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-3949-2021
- Validation of FABDEM, a global bare-earth elevation model, against UAV-lidar derived elevation in a complex forested mountain catchment C. Marsh et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/acc56d
- Snow Multidata Mapping and Modeling (S3M) 5.1: a distributed cryospheric model with dry and wet snow, data assimilation, glacier mass balance, and debris-driven melt F. Avanzi et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-4853-2022
- An image-to-image adversarial network to generate high resolution wind data over complex terrains from weather predictions J. Milla-Val et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2024.109533
- Analyzing the sensitivity of a blowing snow model (SnowPappus) to precipitation forcing, blowing snow, and spatial resolution A. Haddjeri et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-3081-2024
- Snow redistribution in an intermediate-complexity snow hydrology modelling framework L. Quéno et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-3533-2024
- openAMUNDSEN v1.0: an open-source snow-hydrological model for mountain regions U. Strasser et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-6775-2024
- Intermediate complexity atmospheric modeling in complex terrain: is it right? D. Reynolds et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2024.1388416
- Snow properties at the forest–tundra ecotone: predominance of water vapor fluxes even in deep, moderately cold snowpacks G. Lackner et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3357-2022
- Large-sample assessment of varying spatial resolution on the streamflow estimates of the wflow_sbm hydrological model J. Aerts et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-4407-2022
- The Multiple Snow Data Assimilation System (MuSA v1.0) E. Alonso-González et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-9127-2022
- Predicting Hydrological Change in an Alpine Glacierized Basin and Its Sensitivity to Landscape Evolution and Meteorological Forcings C. Aubry‐Wake & J. Pomeroy https://doi.org/10.1029/2022WR033363
- Use of multiple reference data sources to cross-validate gridded snow water equivalent products over North America C. Mortimer et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-5619-2024
- Ensemble-based data assimilation improves hyperresolution snowpack simulations in forests E. Alonso-González et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-209-2026
- Modelling glacier mass balance and climate sensitivity in the context of sparse observations: application to Saskatchewan Glacier, western Canada C. Kinnard et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3071-2022
- Snow Level From Post‐Processing of Atmospheric Model Improves Snowfall Estimate and Snowpack Prediction in Mountains V. Vionnet et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021WR031778
- Snow cover prediction in the Italian central Apennines using weather forecast and land surface numerical models E. Raparelli et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-519-2023
- Subgridding high-resolution numerical weather forecast in the Canadian Selkirk mountain range for local snow modeling in a remote sensing perspective P. Billecocq et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-2765-2024
- Airborne lidar intensity correction for mapping snow cover extent and effective grain size in mountainous terrain C. Ackroyd et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/15481603.2024.2427326
- Spatio-temporal information propagation using sparse observations in hyper-resolution ensemble-based snow data assimilation E. Alonso-González et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-4637-2023
- A seasonal snowpack model forced with dynamically downscaled forcing data resolves hydrologically relevant accumulation patterns J. Berg et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2024.1393260
- Windmapper: An Efficient Wind Downscaling Method for Hydrological Models C. Marsh et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022WR032683
- Operational snow-hydrological modeling for Switzerland R. Mott et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2023.1228158
- The cold regions hydrological modelling platform for hydrological diagnosis and prediction based on process understanding J. Pomeroy et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.128711
- Land Surface Modeling in the Himalayas: On the Importance of Evaporative Fluxes for the Water Balance of a High‐Elevation Catchment P. Buri et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022WR033841
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 05 Jun 2026
Short summary
Mountain snow cover provides critical supplies of fresh water to downstream users. Its accurate prediction requires inclusion of often-ignored processes. A multi-scale modelling strategy is presented that efficiently accounts for snow redistribution. Model accuracy is assessed via airborne lidar and optical satellite imagery. With redistribution the model captures the elevation–snow depth relation. Redistribution processes are required to reproduce spatial variability, such as around ridges.
Mountain snow cover provides critical supplies of fresh water to downstream users. Its accurate...
