Articles | Volume 15, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-233-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-233-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Review article: Earth's ice imbalance
Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling, School of Earth and
Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
Isobel R. Lawrence
Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling, School of Earth and
Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
Inès N. Otosaka
Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling, School of Earth and
Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
Andrew Shepherd
Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling, School of Earth and
Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
Noel Gourmelen
School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XP, UK
Livia Jakob
EarthWave Ltd, Edinburgh, EH9 3HJ, UK
Paul Tepes
School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XP, UK
Lin Gilbert
Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Department of Space and Climate Physics, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
Peter Nienow
School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XP, UK
Viewed
Total article views: 58,637 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 14 Aug 2020)
HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
49,209 | 9,164 | 264 | 58,637 | 309 | 309 |
- HTML: 49,209
- PDF: 9,164
- XML: 264
- Total: 58,637
- BibTeX: 309
- EndNote: 309
Total article views: 48,082 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 25 Jan 2021)
HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
42,937 | 4,914 | 231 | 48,082 | 293 | 285 |
- HTML: 42,937
- PDF: 4,914
- XML: 231
- Total: 48,082
- BibTeX: 293
- EndNote: 285
Total article views: 10,555 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 14 Aug 2020)
HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
6,272 | 4,250 | 33 | 10,555 | 16 | 24 |
- HTML: 6,272
- PDF: 4,250
- XML: 33
- Total: 10,555
- BibTeX: 16
- EndNote: 24
Viewed (geographical distribution)
Total article views: 58,637 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 53,628 with geography defined
and 5,009 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 48,082 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 45,561 with geography defined
and 2,521 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 10,555 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 8,067 with geography defined
and 2,488 with unknown origin.
Country | # | Views | % |
---|
Country | # | Views | % |
---|
Country | # | Views | % |
---|
Total: | 0 |
HTML: | 0 |
PDF: | 0 |
XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
Total: | 0 |
HTML: | 0 |
PDF: | 0 |
XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
Total: | 0 |
HTML: | 0 |
PDF: | 0 |
XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
Cited
49 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Rio (1992) to Glasgow (2021): Three decades of inadequate mitigation of climate change and its slow onset effects I. Stavi 10.3389/fenvs.2022.999788
- Simulating surface height and terminus position for marine outlet glaciers using a level set method with data assimilation M. Hossain et al. 10.1016/j.jcp.2022.111766
- The Antarctic Ice Sheet–A Sleeping Giant? R. Winkelmann et al. 10.3389/frym.2022.702643
- An 11-year record of wintertime snow-surface energy balance and sublimation at 4863 m a.s.l. on the Chhota Shigri Glacier moraine (western Himalaya, India) A. Mandal et al. 10.5194/tc-16-3775-2022
- A Eurasian Basin sedimentary record of glacial impact on the central Arctic Ocean during MIS 1–4 L. Dong et al. 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2022.103993
- Global sea-level budget and ocean-mass budget, with a focus on advanced data products and uncertainty characterisation M. Horwath et al. 10.5194/essd-14-411-2022
- Sea level rise from West Antarctic mass loss significantly modified by large snowfall anomalies B. Davison et al. 10.1038/s41467-023-36990-3
- Modelled response of debris-covered and lake-calving glaciers to climate change, Kā Tiritiri o te Moana/Southern Alps, New Zealand B. Anderson et al. 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2021.103593
- Special Issue Editorial: Covid and the environment in crisis J. Andrew et al. 10.1016/j.cpa.2021.102413
- CERESMIP: a climate modeling protocol to investigate recent trends in the Earth's Energy Imbalance G. Schmidt et al. 10.3389/fclim.2023.1202161
- Recent Ice Trends in Swiss Mountain Lakes: 20-year Analysis of MODIS Imagery M. Tom et al. 10.1007/s41064-022-00215-x
- Spatially and temporally resolved ice loss in High Mountain Asia and the Gulf of Alaska observed by CryoSat-2 swath altimetry between 2010 and 2019 L. Jakob et al. 10.5194/tc-15-1845-2021
- A comprehensive appraisal on the effect of aerosol on mountain glaciers: special reference to Sikkim Himalayan region of India S. Kumari & A. Middey 10.1007/s12046-023-02097-0
- First Quantification of the Permafrost Heat Sink in the Earth's Climate System J. Nitzbon et al. 10.1029/2022GL102053
- Fiametta Straneo: En oseanografs reise til Grønlands iskant G. Mikkelsen 10.18261/naturen.146.5.6
- Glacier Mass Loss Between 2010 and 2020 Dominated by Atmospheric Forcing L. Jakob & N. Gourmelen 10.1029/2023GL102954
- Isotopic evidence for an intensified hydrological cycle in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean C. Akhoudas et al. 10.1038/s41467-023-38425-5
- Continental heat storage: contributions from the ground, inland waters, and permafrost thawing F. Cuesta-Valero et al. 10.5194/esd-14-609-2023
- Correlation and interaction between temperature and freeze-thaw in representative regions of Antarctica D. Liang et al. 10.1080/17538947.2022.2158242
- Importance of Urban Green Areas in the Context of Current and Future Global Changes: Lessons Learned from a Case Study in Bratislava (Slovakia) I. Belčáková et al. 10.3390/su142214740
- From ice core to ground-penetrating radar: representativeness of SMB at three ice rises along the Princess Ragnhild Coast, East Antarctica M. Cavitte et al. 10.1017/jog.2022.39
- Heat stored in the Earth system 1960–2020: where does the energy go? K. von Schuckmann et al. 10.5194/essd-15-1675-2023
- Regional Assessments of Surface Ice Elevations from Swath-Processed CryoSat-2 SARIn Data N. Andersen et al. 10.3390/rs13112213
- Last interglacial sea-level proxies in the glaciated Northern Hemisphere A. Dalton et al. 10.5194/essd-14-1447-2022
- Climate change, melting cryosphere and frozen pathogens: Should we worry…? L. Yarzábal et al. 10.1007/s42398-021-00184-8
- A Roadmap for Policy-Relevant Sea-Level Rise Research in the United Arab Emirates H. Melville-Rea et al. 10.3389/fmars.2021.670089
- Potential glacial lake outburst flood assessment in a changing environment, Chhombo Chhu Watershed, Sikkim Himalaya, India A. Chowdhury et al. 10.1080/10106049.2022.2102219
- Societal implications of a changing Arctic Ocean H. Huntington et al. 10.1007/s13280-021-01601-2
- Divergent Causes of Terrestrial Water Storage Decline Between Drylands and Humid Regions Globally L. An et al. 10.1029/2021GL095035
- Spatially consistent microbial biomass and future cellular carbon release from melting Northern Hemisphere glacier surfaces I. Stevens et al. 10.1038/s43247-022-00609-0
- Innovate or Perish: Food Policy Design in an Indigenous Context in a Post-Pandemic and Climate Adaptation Era D. Lugo-Morin 10.3390/joitmc8010034
- Topographic controls on ice flow and recession for Juneau Icefield (Alaska/British Columbia) B. Davies et al. 10.1002/esp.5383
- Identifying the regional emergence of climate patterns in the ARISE-SAI-1.5 simulations Z. Labe et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/acc81a
- Vi går mot et isfritt Arktis L. Smedsrud & T. Furevik 10.18261/issn.1504-3118-2021-02-03-12
- Numerical model of late Pleistocene and Holocene ice-sheet and shoreline dynamics in the southern Baltic Sea, Poland J. Frydel 10.1017/qua.2021.64
- Integrating terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems to constrain estimates of land-atmosphere carbon exchange J. Casas-Ruiz et al. 10.1038/s41467-023-37232-2
- Global Mean Sea Level Rise Inferred From Ocean Salinity and Temperature Changes A. Bagnell & T. DeVries 10.1029/2022GL101004
- Contemporary sea-level changes from global to local scales: a review A. Cazenave & L. Moreira 10.1098/rspa.2022.0049
- Ice Sheet Surface and Subsurface Melt Water Discrimination Using Multi‐Frequency Microwave Radiometry A. Colliander et al. 10.1029/2021GL096599
- Biogeochemical Dynamics of a Glaciated High‐Latitude Wetland J. Buser‐Young et al. 10.1029/2021JG006584
- Glaciers are for girls: the inaugural expedition of Girls on Ice Austria succeeded in empowering nine young women in August 2021 E. Lodes 10.5194/polf-90-1-2022
- Persistent mass loss of Triangular Glacier, James Ross Island, north-eastern Antarctic Peninsula Z. Engel et al. 10.1017/jog.2022.42
- Klimaschutz und Nachhaltigkeit im Krankenhaus V. Knigge 10.1055/a-1657-6426
- Deep Structure of the Arctic and Antarctic according to Component Magnetic and Gravitational Anomalies A. Petrova et al. 10.1134/S0010952522030078
- Closure of Earth’s Global Seasonal Cycle of Energy Storage G. Johnson et al. 10.1007/s10712-023-09797-6
- A Bayesian approach towards daily pan-Arctic sea ice freeboard estimates from combined CryoSat-2 and Sentinel-3 satellite observations W. Gregory et al. 10.5194/tc-15-2857-2021
- Below zero H. Desing 10.1039/D2VA00168C
- The disappearing cryosphere in the southeastern Alps: Introduction to special issue M. Zorn et al. 10.3986/AGS.9396
- Thickness and geodetic mass balance changes for the Triglav Glacier (southeastern Alps) from 1952 to 2016 M. Triglav Čekada & M. Zorn 10.3986/AGS.7673
47 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Rio (1992) to Glasgow (2021): Three decades of inadequate mitigation of climate change and its slow onset effects I. Stavi 10.3389/fenvs.2022.999788
- Simulating surface height and terminus position for marine outlet glaciers using a level set method with data assimilation M. Hossain et al. 10.1016/j.jcp.2022.111766
- The Antarctic Ice Sheet–A Sleeping Giant? R. Winkelmann et al. 10.3389/frym.2022.702643
- An 11-year record of wintertime snow-surface energy balance and sublimation at 4863 m a.s.l. on the Chhota Shigri Glacier moraine (western Himalaya, India) A. Mandal et al. 10.5194/tc-16-3775-2022
- A Eurasian Basin sedimentary record of glacial impact on the central Arctic Ocean during MIS 1–4 L. Dong et al. 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2022.103993
- Global sea-level budget and ocean-mass budget, with a focus on advanced data products and uncertainty characterisation M. Horwath et al. 10.5194/essd-14-411-2022
- Sea level rise from West Antarctic mass loss significantly modified by large snowfall anomalies B. Davison et al. 10.1038/s41467-023-36990-3
- Modelled response of debris-covered and lake-calving glaciers to climate change, Kā Tiritiri o te Moana/Southern Alps, New Zealand B. Anderson et al. 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2021.103593
- Special Issue Editorial: Covid and the environment in crisis J. Andrew et al. 10.1016/j.cpa.2021.102413
- CERESMIP: a climate modeling protocol to investigate recent trends in the Earth's Energy Imbalance G. Schmidt et al. 10.3389/fclim.2023.1202161
- Recent Ice Trends in Swiss Mountain Lakes: 20-year Analysis of MODIS Imagery M. Tom et al. 10.1007/s41064-022-00215-x
- Spatially and temporally resolved ice loss in High Mountain Asia and the Gulf of Alaska observed by CryoSat-2 swath altimetry between 2010 and 2019 L. Jakob et al. 10.5194/tc-15-1845-2021
- A comprehensive appraisal on the effect of aerosol on mountain glaciers: special reference to Sikkim Himalayan region of India S. Kumari & A. Middey 10.1007/s12046-023-02097-0
- First Quantification of the Permafrost Heat Sink in the Earth's Climate System J. Nitzbon et al. 10.1029/2022GL102053
- Fiametta Straneo: En oseanografs reise til Grønlands iskant G. Mikkelsen 10.18261/naturen.146.5.6
- Glacier Mass Loss Between 2010 and 2020 Dominated by Atmospheric Forcing L. Jakob & N. Gourmelen 10.1029/2023GL102954
- Isotopic evidence for an intensified hydrological cycle in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean C. Akhoudas et al. 10.1038/s41467-023-38425-5
- Continental heat storage: contributions from the ground, inland waters, and permafrost thawing F. Cuesta-Valero et al. 10.5194/esd-14-609-2023
- Correlation and interaction between temperature and freeze-thaw in representative regions of Antarctica D. Liang et al. 10.1080/17538947.2022.2158242
- Importance of Urban Green Areas in the Context of Current and Future Global Changes: Lessons Learned from a Case Study in Bratislava (Slovakia) I. Belčáková et al. 10.3390/su142214740
- From ice core to ground-penetrating radar: representativeness of SMB at three ice rises along the Princess Ragnhild Coast, East Antarctica M. Cavitte et al. 10.1017/jog.2022.39
- Heat stored in the Earth system 1960–2020: where does the energy go? K. von Schuckmann et al. 10.5194/essd-15-1675-2023
- Regional Assessments of Surface Ice Elevations from Swath-Processed CryoSat-2 SARIn Data N. Andersen et al. 10.3390/rs13112213
- Last interglacial sea-level proxies in the glaciated Northern Hemisphere A. Dalton et al. 10.5194/essd-14-1447-2022
- Climate change, melting cryosphere and frozen pathogens: Should we worry…? L. Yarzábal et al. 10.1007/s42398-021-00184-8
- A Roadmap for Policy-Relevant Sea-Level Rise Research in the United Arab Emirates H. Melville-Rea et al. 10.3389/fmars.2021.670089
- Potential glacial lake outburst flood assessment in a changing environment, Chhombo Chhu Watershed, Sikkim Himalaya, India A. Chowdhury et al. 10.1080/10106049.2022.2102219
- Societal implications of a changing Arctic Ocean H. Huntington et al. 10.1007/s13280-021-01601-2
- Divergent Causes of Terrestrial Water Storage Decline Between Drylands and Humid Regions Globally L. An et al. 10.1029/2021GL095035
- Spatially consistent microbial biomass and future cellular carbon release from melting Northern Hemisphere glacier surfaces I. Stevens et al. 10.1038/s43247-022-00609-0
- Innovate or Perish: Food Policy Design in an Indigenous Context in a Post-Pandemic and Climate Adaptation Era D. Lugo-Morin 10.3390/joitmc8010034
- Topographic controls on ice flow and recession for Juneau Icefield (Alaska/British Columbia) B. Davies et al. 10.1002/esp.5383
- Identifying the regional emergence of climate patterns in the ARISE-SAI-1.5 simulations Z. Labe et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/acc81a
- Vi går mot et isfritt Arktis L. Smedsrud & T. Furevik 10.18261/issn.1504-3118-2021-02-03-12
- Numerical model of late Pleistocene and Holocene ice-sheet and shoreline dynamics in the southern Baltic Sea, Poland J. Frydel 10.1017/qua.2021.64
- Integrating terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems to constrain estimates of land-atmosphere carbon exchange J. Casas-Ruiz et al. 10.1038/s41467-023-37232-2
- Global Mean Sea Level Rise Inferred From Ocean Salinity and Temperature Changes A. Bagnell & T. DeVries 10.1029/2022GL101004
- Contemporary sea-level changes from global to local scales: a review A. Cazenave & L. Moreira 10.1098/rspa.2022.0049
- Ice Sheet Surface and Subsurface Melt Water Discrimination Using Multi‐Frequency Microwave Radiometry A. Colliander et al. 10.1029/2021GL096599
- Biogeochemical Dynamics of a Glaciated High‐Latitude Wetland J. Buser‐Young et al. 10.1029/2021JG006584
- Glaciers are for girls: the inaugural expedition of Girls on Ice Austria succeeded in empowering nine young women in August 2021 E. Lodes 10.5194/polf-90-1-2022
- Persistent mass loss of Triangular Glacier, James Ross Island, north-eastern Antarctic Peninsula Z. Engel et al. 10.1017/jog.2022.42
- Klimaschutz und Nachhaltigkeit im Krankenhaus V. Knigge 10.1055/a-1657-6426
- Deep Structure of the Arctic and Antarctic according to Component Magnetic and Gravitational Anomalies A. Petrova et al. 10.1134/S0010952522030078
- Closure of Earth’s Global Seasonal Cycle of Energy Storage G. Johnson et al. 10.1007/s10712-023-09797-6
- A Bayesian approach towards daily pan-Arctic sea ice freeboard estimates from combined CryoSat-2 and Sentinel-3 satellite observations W. Gregory et al. 10.5194/tc-15-2857-2021
- Below zero H. Desing 10.1039/D2VA00168C
2 citations as recorded by crossref.
Discussed (final revised paper)
Latest update: 24 Sep 2023
Download
The requested paper has a corresponding corrigendum published. Please read the corrigendum first before downloading the article.
- Article
(2787 KB) - Full-text XML
Short summary
Satellite observations are the best method for tracking ice loss, because the cryosphere is vast and remote. Using these, and some numerical models, we show that Earth has lost 28 trillion tonnes (Tt) of ice since 1994 from Arctic sea ice (7.6 Tt), ice shelves (6.5 Tt), mountain glaciers (6.1 Tt), the Greenland (3.8 Tt) and Antarctic ice sheets (2.5 Tt), and Antarctic sea ice (0.9 Tt). It has taken just 3.2 % of the excess energy Earth has absorbed due to climate warming to cause this ice loss.
Satellite observations are the best method for tracking ice loss, because the cryosphere is vast...