Articles | Volume 13, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-845-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-845-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
11 Mar 2019
Research article |
| 11 Mar 2019
| 11 Mar 2019
Firn data compilation reveals widespread decrease of firn air content in western Greenland
Department of Glaciology and Climate, Geological Survey of Denmark
and Greenland, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark,
Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
Michael MacFerrin
Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences,
University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
Horst Machguth
Department of Geosciences, University of Fribourg, Fribourg,
Switzerland
Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
William T. Colgan
Department of Glaciology and Climate, Geological Survey of Denmark
and Greenland, Copenhagen, Denmark
Dirk van As
Department of Glaciology and Climate, Geological Survey of Denmark
and Greenland, Copenhagen, Denmark
Achim Heilig
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
C. Max Stevens
Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle,
WA, USA
Charalampos Charalampidis
Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Munich, Germany
Robert S. Fausto
Department of Glaciology and Climate, Geological Survey of Denmark
and Greenland, Copenhagen, Denmark
Elizabeth M. Morris
Scott Polar Research Institute, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
Ellen Mosley-Thompson
Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center and Department of Geography,
Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
Lora Koenig
National Snow and Ice Data Center, University of Colorado, Boulder,
CO, USA
Lynn N. Montgomery
National Snow and Ice Data Center, University of Colorado, Boulder,
CO, USA
Clément Miège
Department of Geography, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
Sebastian B. Simonsen
DTU Space, National Space Institute, Department of Geodynamics,
Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
Thomas Ingeman-Nielsen
Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark,
Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
Jason E. Box
Department of Glaciology and Climate, Geological Survey of Denmark
and Greenland, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Cited
43 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Satellite Remote Sensing of the Greenland Ice Sheet Ablation Zone: A Review M. Cooper & L. Smith 10.3390/rs11202405
- Seasonal evolution of supraglacial lakes and rivers on the southwest Greenland Ice Sheet K. Yang et al. 10.1017/jog.2021.10
- Use of Shallow Ice Core Measurements to Evaluate and Constrain 1980–1990 Global Reanalyses of Ice Sheet Precipitation Rates A. Schneider et al. 10.1029/2023GL103943
- Global Warming Threshold and Mechanisms for Accelerated Greenland Ice Sheet Surface Mass Loss R. Sellevold & M. Vizcaíno 10.1029/2019MS002029
- Greenland's firn responds more to warming than to cooling M. Thompson-Munson et al. 10.5194/tc-18-3333-2024
- Review of the current polar ice sheet surface mass balance and its modelling: the 2020 summer edition M. NIWANO et al. 10.5331/seppyo.83.1_27
- Improved representation of the contemporary Greenland ice sheet firn layer by IMAU-FDM v1.2G M. Brils et al. 10.5194/gmd-15-7121-2022
- Ice acceleration and rotation in the Greenland Ice Sheet interior in recent decades A. Løkkegaard et al. 10.1038/s43247-024-01322-w
- Firn air content changes on Antarctic ice shelves under three future warming scenarios S. Veldhuijsen et al. 10.5194/tc-18-1983-2024
- Greenland Ice Sheet Ice Slab Expansion and Thickening N. Jullien et al. 10.1029/2022GL100911
- Recent warming trends of the Greenland ice sheet documented by historical firn and ice temperature observations and machine learning B. Vandecrux et al. 10.5194/tc-18-609-2024
- A cold laboratory hyperspectral imaging system to map grain size and ice layer distributions in firn cores I. McDowell et al. 10.5194/tc-18-1925-2024
- Meltwater percolation, impermeable layer formation and runoff buffering on Devon Ice Cap, Canada D. Ashmore et al. 10.1017/jog.2019.80
- Glacier Energy and Mass Balance (GEMB): a model of firn processes for cryosphere research A. Gardner et al. 10.5194/gmd-16-2277-2023
- Combined GNSS reflectometry–refractometry for automated and continuous in situ surface mass balance estimation on an Antarctic ice shelf L. Steiner et al. 10.5194/tc-17-4903-2023
- Design and performance of the Hotrod melt-tip ice-drilling system W. Colgan et al. 10.5194/gi-12-121-2023
- Wintertime Supraglacial Lake Drainage Cascade Triggers Large‐Scale Ice Flow Response in Greenland N. Maier et al. 10.1029/2022GL102251
- Mass Balances of the Antarctic and Greenland Ice Sheets Monitored from Space I. Otosaka et al. 10.1007/s10712-023-09795-8
- Greenland ice velocity maps from the PROMICE project A. Solgaard et al. 10.5194/essd-13-3491-2021
- Discharge Estimation With Improved Methods Using MODIS Data in Greenland: An Application in the Watson River H. Lin et al. 10.1109/JSTARS.2022.3204544
- Vertical bedrock shifts reveal summer water storage in Greenland ice sheet J. Ran et al. 10.1038/s41586-024-08096-3
- Direct measurements of firn-density evolution from 2016 to 2022 at Wolverine Glacier, Alaska C. Stevens et al. 10.1017/jog.2024.24
- Local Weather Conditions Create Structural Differences between Shallow Firn Columns at Summit, Greenland and WAIS Divide, Antarctica I. McDowell et al. 10.3390/atmos11121370
- The Greenland Firn Compaction Verification and Reconnaissance (FirnCover) dataset, 2013–2019 M. MacFerrin et al. 10.5194/essd-14-955-2022
- Shallow firn cores 1989–2019 in southwest Greenland's percolation zone reveal decreasing density and ice layer thickness after 2012 Å. Rennermalm et al. 10.1017/jog.2021.102
- An evaluation of a physics-based firn model and a semi-empirical firn model across the Greenland Ice Sheet (1980–2020) M. Thompson-Munson et al. 10.5194/tc-17-2185-2023
- Greenland Ice Sheet Mass Balance (1992–2020) From Calibrated Radar Altimetry S. Simonsen et al. 10.1029/2020GL091216
- Greenland liquid water discharge from 1958 through 2019 K. Mankoff et al. 10.5194/essd-12-2811-2020
- Evaluating a Regional Climate Model Simulation of Greenland Ice Sheet Snow and Firn Density for Improved Surface Mass Balance Estimates P. Alexander et al. 10.1029/2019GL084101
- Firn cold content evolution at nine sites on the Greenland ice sheet between 1998 and 2017 B. Vandecrux et al. 10.1017/jog.2020.30
- Meltwater Penetration Through Temperate Ice Layers in the Percolation Zone at DYE‐2, Greenland Ice Sheet S. Samimi et al. 10.1029/2020GL089211
- The Community Firn Model (CFM) v1.0 C. Stevens et al. 10.5194/gmd-13-4355-2020
- Firn on ice sheets C. Amory et al. 10.1038/s43017-023-00507-9
- The firn meltwater Retention Model Intercomparison Project (RetMIP): evaluation of nine firn models at four weather station sites on the Greenland ice sheet B. Vandecrux et al. 10.5194/tc-14-3785-2020
- Threshold response to melt drives large-scale bed weakening in Greenland N. Maier et al. 10.1038/s41586-022-04927-3
- Bayesian calibration of firn densification models V. Verjans et al. 10.5194/tc-14-3017-2020
- Basal traction mainly dictated by hard-bed physics over grounded regions of Greenland N. Maier et al. 10.5194/tc-15-1435-2021
- Local-scale spatial variability in firn properties in Southwest Greenland J. Xiao et al. 10.3389/feart.2022.938246
- Relating regional and point measurements of accumulation in southwest Greenland A. Heilig et al. 10.5194/tc-14-385-2020
- Learning from Alfred Wegener’s pioneering field observations in West Greenland after a century of climate change J. Abermann et al. 10.1038/s41598-023-33225-9
- More Realistic Intermediate Depth Dry Firn Densification in the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) A. Schneider et al. 10.1029/2021MS002542
- Mapping the vertical heterogeneity of Greenland's firn from 2011–2019 using airborne radar and laser altimetry A. Rutishauser et al. 10.5194/tc-18-2455-2024
- Review article: Melt-affected ice cores for polar research in a warming world D. Moser et al. 10.5194/tc-18-2691-2024
43 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Satellite Remote Sensing of the Greenland Ice Sheet Ablation Zone: A Review M. Cooper & L. Smith 10.3390/rs11202405
- Seasonal evolution of supraglacial lakes and rivers on the southwest Greenland Ice Sheet K. Yang et al. 10.1017/jog.2021.10
- Use of Shallow Ice Core Measurements to Evaluate and Constrain 1980–1990 Global Reanalyses of Ice Sheet Precipitation Rates A. Schneider et al. 10.1029/2023GL103943
- Global Warming Threshold and Mechanisms for Accelerated Greenland Ice Sheet Surface Mass Loss R. Sellevold & M. Vizcaíno 10.1029/2019MS002029
- Greenland's firn responds more to warming than to cooling M. Thompson-Munson et al. 10.5194/tc-18-3333-2024
- Review of the current polar ice sheet surface mass balance and its modelling: the 2020 summer edition M. NIWANO et al. 10.5331/seppyo.83.1_27
- Improved representation of the contemporary Greenland ice sheet firn layer by IMAU-FDM v1.2G M. Brils et al. 10.5194/gmd-15-7121-2022
- Ice acceleration and rotation in the Greenland Ice Sheet interior in recent decades A. Løkkegaard et al. 10.1038/s43247-024-01322-w
- Firn air content changes on Antarctic ice shelves under three future warming scenarios S. Veldhuijsen et al. 10.5194/tc-18-1983-2024
- Greenland Ice Sheet Ice Slab Expansion and Thickening N. Jullien et al. 10.1029/2022GL100911
- Recent warming trends of the Greenland ice sheet documented by historical firn and ice temperature observations and machine learning B. Vandecrux et al. 10.5194/tc-18-609-2024
- A cold laboratory hyperspectral imaging system to map grain size and ice layer distributions in firn cores I. McDowell et al. 10.5194/tc-18-1925-2024
- Meltwater percolation, impermeable layer formation and runoff buffering on Devon Ice Cap, Canada D. Ashmore et al. 10.1017/jog.2019.80
- Glacier Energy and Mass Balance (GEMB): a model of firn processes for cryosphere research A. Gardner et al. 10.5194/gmd-16-2277-2023
- Combined GNSS reflectometry–refractometry for automated and continuous in situ surface mass balance estimation on an Antarctic ice shelf L. Steiner et al. 10.5194/tc-17-4903-2023
- Design and performance of the Hotrod melt-tip ice-drilling system W. Colgan et al. 10.5194/gi-12-121-2023
- Wintertime Supraglacial Lake Drainage Cascade Triggers Large‐Scale Ice Flow Response in Greenland N. Maier et al. 10.1029/2022GL102251
- Mass Balances of the Antarctic and Greenland Ice Sheets Monitored from Space I. Otosaka et al. 10.1007/s10712-023-09795-8
- Greenland ice velocity maps from the PROMICE project A. Solgaard et al. 10.5194/essd-13-3491-2021
- Discharge Estimation With Improved Methods Using MODIS Data in Greenland: An Application in the Watson River H. Lin et al. 10.1109/JSTARS.2022.3204544
- Vertical bedrock shifts reveal summer water storage in Greenland ice sheet J. Ran et al. 10.1038/s41586-024-08096-3
- Direct measurements of firn-density evolution from 2016 to 2022 at Wolverine Glacier, Alaska C. Stevens et al. 10.1017/jog.2024.24
- Local Weather Conditions Create Structural Differences between Shallow Firn Columns at Summit, Greenland and WAIS Divide, Antarctica I. McDowell et al. 10.3390/atmos11121370
- The Greenland Firn Compaction Verification and Reconnaissance (FirnCover) dataset, 2013–2019 M. MacFerrin et al. 10.5194/essd-14-955-2022
- Shallow firn cores 1989–2019 in southwest Greenland's percolation zone reveal decreasing density and ice layer thickness after 2012 Å. Rennermalm et al. 10.1017/jog.2021.102
- An evaluation of a physics-based firn model and a semi-empirical firn model across the Greenland Ice Sheet (1980–2020) M. Thompson-Munson et al. 10.5194/tc-17-2185-2023
- Greenland Ice Sheet Mass Balance (1992–2020) From Calibrated Radar Altimetry S. Simonsen et al. 10.1029/2020GL091216
- Greenland liquid water discharge from 1958 through 2019 K. Mankoff et al. 10.5194/essd-12-2811-2020
- Evaluating a Regional Climate Model Simulation of Greenland Ice Sheet Snow and Firn Density for Improved Surface Mass Balance Estimates P. Alexander et al. 10.1029/2019GL084101
- Firn cold content evolution at nine sites on the Greenland ice sheet between 1998 and 2017 B. Vandecrux et al. 10.1017/jog.2020.30
- Meltwater Penetration Through Temperate Ice Layers in the Percolation Zone at DYE‐2, Greenland Ice Sheet S. Samimi et al. 10.1029/2020GL089211
- The Community Firn Model (CFM) v1.0 C. Stevens et al. 10.5194/gmd-13-4355-2020
- Firn on ice sheets C. Amory et al. 10.1038/s43017-023-00507-9
- The firn meltwater Retention Model Intercomparison Project (RetMIP): evaluation of nine firn models at four weather station sites on the Greenland ice sheet B. Vandecrux et al. 10.5194/tc-14-3785-2020
- Threshold response to melt drives large-scale bed weakening in Greenland N. Maier et al. 10.1038/s41586-022-04927-3
- Bayesian calibration of firn densification models V. Verjans et al. 10.5194/tc-14-3017-2020
- Basal traction mainly dictated by hard-bed physics over grounded regions of Greenland N. Maier et al. 10.5194/tc-15-1435-2021
- Local-scale spatial variability in firn properties in Southwest Greenland J. Xiao et al. 10.3389/feart.2022.938246
- Relating regional and point measurements of accumulation in southwest Greenland A. Heilig et al. 10.5194/tc-14-385-2020
- Learning from Alfred Wegener’s pioneering field observations in West Greenland after a century of climate change J. Abermann et al. 10.1038/s41598-023-33225-9
- More Realistic Intermediate Depth Dry Firn Densification in the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) A. Schneider et al. 10.1029/2021MS002542
- Mapping the vertical heterogeneity of Greenland's firn from 2011–2019 using airborne radar and laser altimetry A. Rutishauser et al. 10.5194/tc-18-2455-2024
- Review article: Melt-affected ice cores for polar research in a warming world D. Moser et al. 10.5194/tc-18-2691-2024
Discussed (final revised paper)
Latest update: 01 Nov 2024
Short summary
The perennial snow, or firn, on the Greenland ice sheet each summer stores part of the meltwater formed at the surface, buffering the ice sheet’s contribution to sea level. We gathered observations of firn air content, indicative of the space available in the firn to retain meltwater, and find that this air content remained stable in cold regions of the firn over the last 65 years but recently decreased significantly in western Greenland.
The perennial snow, or firn, on the Greenland ice sheet each summer stores part of the meltwater...
