Articles | Volume 13, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-1529-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-1529-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
28 May 2019
Research article |
| 28 May 2019
| 28 May 2019
An efficient surface energy–mass balance model for snow and ice
Andreas Born
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Climate and Environmental Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Michael A. Imhof
Climate and Environmental Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Laboratory of Hydraulics, Hydrology and Glaciology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
Thomas F. Stocker
Climate and Environmental Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Cited
16 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Reconstructing MODIS normalized difference snow index product on Greenland ice sheet using spatiotemporal extreme gradient boosting model F. Ye et al. 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132277
- Greenland Ice Sheet Contribution to 21st Century Sea Level Rise as Simulated by the Coupled CESM2.1‐CISM2.1 L. Muntjewerf et al. 10.1029/2019GL086836
- Sources of uncertainty in Greenland surface mass balance in the 21st century K. Holube et al. 10.5194/tc-16-315-2022
- GrSMBMIP: intercomparison of the modelled 1980–2012 surface mass balance over the Greenland Ice Sheet X. Fettweis et al. 10.5194/tc-14-3935-2020
- Atlantic inflow and low sea-ice cover in the Nordic Seas promoted Fennoscandian Ice Sheet growth during the Last Glacial Maximum M. Simon et al. 10.1038/s43247-023-01032-9
- A low climate threshold for south Greenland Ice Sheet demise during the Late Pleistocene N. Irvalı et al. 10.1073/pnas.1911902116
- Brief communication: Surface energy balance differences over Greenland between ERA5 and ERA-Interim U. Krebs-Kanzow et al. 10.5194/tc-17-5131-2023
- Using a multi-layer snow model for transient paleo-studies: surface mass balance evolution during the Last Interglacial T. Hoang et al. 10.5194/cp-21-27-2025
- The diurnal Energy Balance Model (dEBM): a convenient surface mass balance solution for ice sheets in Earth system modeling U. Krebs-Kanzow et al. 10.5194/tc-15-2295-2021
- Sensitivity of the Greenland surface mass and energy balance to uncertainties in key model parameters T. Zolles & A. Born 10.5194/tc-15-2917-2021
- Eemian Greenland ice sheet simulated with a higher-order model shows strong sensitivity to surface mass balance forcing A. Plach et al. 10.5194/tc-13-2133-2019
- Modeling the Greenland englacial stratigraphy A. Born & A. Robinson 10.5194/tc-15-4539-2021
- How does a change in climate variability impact the Greenland ice sheet surface mass balance? T. Zolles & A. Born 10.5194/tc-18-4831-2024
- Modelling snowpack on ice surfaces with the ORCHIDEE land surface model: application to the Greenland ice sheet S. Charbit et al. 10.5194/tc-18-5067-2024
- Assessing the Performance of the South American Land Data Assimilation System Version 2 (SALDAS-2) Energy Balance across Diverse Biomes Á. de Ávila et al. 10.3390/atmos14060959
- Eemian Greenland SMB strongly sensitive to model choice A. Plach et al. 10.5194/cp-14-1463-2018
15 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Reconstructing MODIS normalized difference snow index product on Greenland ice sheet using spatiotemporal extreme gradient boosting model F. Ye et al. 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132277
- Greenland Ice Sheet Contribution to 21st Century Sea Level Rise as Simulated by the Coupled CESM2.1‐CISM2.1 L. Muntjewerf et al. 10.1029/2019GL086836
- Sources of uncertainty in Greenland surface mass balance in the 21st century K. Holube et al. 10.5194/tc-16-315-2022
- GrSMBMIP: intercomparison of the modelled 1980–2012 surface mass balance over the Greenland Ice Sheet X. Fettweis et al. 10.5194/tc-14-3935-2020
- Atlantic inflow and low sea-ice cover in the Nordic Seas promoted Fennoscandian Ice Sheet growth during the Last Glacial Maximum M. Simon et al. 10.1038/s43247-023-01032-9
- A low climate threshold for south Greenland Ice Sheet demise during the Late Pleistocene N. Irvalı et al. 10.1073/pnas.1911902116
- Brief communication: Surface energy balance differences over Greenland between ERA5 and ERA-Interim U. Krebs-Kanzow et al. 10.5194/tc-17-5131-2023
- Using a multi-layer snow model for transient paleo-studies: surface mass balance evolution during the Last Interglacial T. Hoang et al. 10.5194/cp-21-27-2025
- The diurnal Energy Balance Model (dEBM): a convenient surface mass balance solution for ice sheets in Earth system modeling U. Krebs-Kanzow et al. 10.5194/tc-15-2295-2021
- Sensitivity of the Greenland surface mass and energy balance to uncertainties in key model parameters T. Zolles & A. Born 10.5194/tc-15-2917-2021
- Eemian Greenland ice sheet simulated with a higher-order model shows strong sensitivity to surface mass balance forcing A. Plach et al. 10.5194/tc-13-2133-2019
- Modeling the Greenland englacial stratigraphy A. Born & A. Robinson 10.5194/tc-15-4539-2021
- How does a change in climate variability impact the Greenland ice sheet surface mass balance? T. Zolles & A. Born 10.5194/tc-18-4831-2024
- Modelling snowpack on ice surfaces with the ORCHIDEE land surface model: application to the Greenland ice sheet S. Charbit et al. 10.5194/tc-18-5067-2024
- Assessing the Performance of the South American Land Data Assimilation System Version 2 (SALDAS-2) Energy Balance across Diverse Biomes Á. de Ávila et al. 10.3390/atmos14060959
1 citations as recorded by crossref.
Latest update: 13 Jul 2025
Short summary
We present a new numerical model to simulate the surface energy and mass balance of snow and ice. While similar models exist and cover a wide range of complexity from empirical models to those that simulate the microscopic structure of individual snow grains, we aim to strike a balance between physical completeness and numerical efficiency. This new model will enable physically accurate simulations over timescales of hundreds of millennia, a key requirement of investigating ice age cycles.
We present a new numerical model to simulate the surface energy and mass balance of snow and...
