Articles | Volume 11, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-451-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-451-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| Highlight paper
| 
08 Feb 2017
Research article | Highlight paper |
| 08 Feb 2017
Connected subglacial lake drainage beneath Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica
Benjamin E. Smith
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Applied Physics Lab, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
Noel Gourmelen
School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8,
Scotland
IPGS UMR 7516, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg,
France
Alexander Huth
Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington,
Seattle, WA 98195, USA
Ian Joughin
Applied Physics Lab, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Cited
73 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Geological sketch map and implications for ice flow of Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica, from integrated aerogeophysical observations T. Jordan et al. 10.1126/sciadv.adf2639
- Radiocarbon Constraints on Carbon Release From the Antarctic Ice Sheet Into the Amundsen Sea Embayment L. Fang & M. Kim 10.1029/2022JG007053
- Identification and Activity of Subglacial Lakes Beneath the Mercer and Whillans Ice Streams and Slessor Glacier Y. Fan et al. 10.1109/JSTARS.2023.3328056
- How much, how fast?: A science review and outlook for research on the instability of Antarctica's Thwaites Glacier in the 21st century T. Scambos et al. 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2017.04.008
- CryoSat-2 swath interferometric altimetry for mapping ice elevation and elevation change N. Gourmelen et al. 10.1016/j.asr.2017.11.014
- Improved monitoring of subglacial lake activity in Greenland L. Sandberg Sørensen et al. 10.5194/tc-18-505-2024
- Heterogeneous melting near the Thwaites Glacier grounding line B. Schmidt et al. 10.1038/s41586-022-05691-0
- The Non‐Local Impacts of Antarctic Subglacial Runoff D. Goldberg et al. 10.1029/2023JC019823
- SARAL/AltiKa Mission: Applications Using Ka-band Altimetry R. Kumar et al. 10.1007/s40010-017-0436-8
- Ice fabrics in two-dimensional flows: beyond pure and simple shear D. Richards et al. 10.5194/tc-16-4571-2022
- Reconstructing subglacial lake activity with an altimetry-based inverse method A. Stubblefield et al. 10.1017/jog.2023.90
- Brief communication: Heterogenous thinning and subglacial lake activity on Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica A. Hoffman et al. 10.5194/tc-14-4603-2020
- How dynamic are ice-stream beds? D. Davies et al. 10.5194/tc-12-1615-2018
- CryoSat-2 interferometric mode calibration and validation: A case study from the Austfonna ice cap, Svalbard A. Morris et al. 10.1016/j.rse.2021.112805
- A revised calibration of the interferometric mode of the CryoSat-2 radar altimeter improves ice height and height change measurements in western Greenland L. Gray et al. 10.5194/tc-11-1041-2017
- Antarctic Topographic Realizations and Geostatistical Modeling Used to Map Subglacial Lakes E. MacKie et al. 10.1029/2019JF005420
- Heterogeneous and rapid ice loss over the Patagonian Ice Fields revealed by CryoSat-2 swath radar altimetry L. Foresta et al. 10.1016/j.rse.2018.03.041
- Representing grounding line migration in synchronous coupling between a marine ice sheet model and a z-coordinate ocean model D. Goldberg et al. 10.1016/j.ocemod.2018.03.005
- Inverting ice surface elevation and velocity for bed topography and slipperiness beneath Thwaites Glacier H. Ockenden et al. 10.5194/tc-16-3867-2022
- Bedforms of Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica: Character and Origin R. Alley et al. 10.1029/2021JF006339
- Past water flow beneath Pine Island and Thwaites glaciers, West Antarctica J. Kirkham et al. 10.5194/tc-13-1959-2019
- Mapping high-resolution basal topography of West Antarctica from radar data using non-stationary multiple-point geostatistics (MPS-BedMappingV1) Z. Yin et al. 10.5194/gmd-15-1477-2022
- CryoSat: ESA’s ice mission – Eight years in space T. Parrinello et al. 10.1016/j.asr.2018.04.014
- The Scientific Legacy of NASA’s Operation IceBridge J. MacGregor et al. 10.1029/2020RG000712
- A subglacial hydrologic drainage hypothesis for silt sorting and deposition during retreat in Pine Island Bay D. Schroeder et al. 10.1017/aog.2019.44
- The Impact of Basal Roughness on Inland Thwaites Glacier Sliding A. Hoffman et al. 10.1029/2021GL096564
- Measuring Height Change Around the Periphery of the Greenland Ice Sheet With Radar Altimetry L. Gray et al. 10.3389/feart.2019.00146
- Repeat Subglacial Lake Drainage and Filling Beneath Thwaites Glacier G. Malczyk et al. 10.1029/2020GL089658
- Characterizing sub-glacial hydrology using radar simulations C. Pierce et al. 10.5194/tc-18-1495-2024
- A Method of Repeat Photoclinometry for Detecting Kilometer-Scale Ice Sheet Surface Evolution C. Greene & D. Blankenship 10.1109/TGRS.2017.2773364
- Evidence of active subglacial lakes under a slowly moving coastal region of the Antarctic Ice Sheet J. Arthur et al. 10.5194/tc-19-375-2025
- Ocean‐Forced Ice‐Shelf Thinning in a Synchronously Coupled Ice‐Ocean Model J. Jordan et al. 10.1002/2017JC013251
- Aerogeophysical characterization of an active subglacial lake system in the David Glacier catchment, Antarctica L. Lindzey et al. 10.5194/tc-14-2217-2020
- Simulating the processes controlling ice-shelf rift paths using damage mechanics A. Huth et al. 10.1017/jog.2023.71
- Surface Expression and Apparent Timing of Subglacial Lake Oscillations Controlled by Viscous Ice Flow A. Stubblefield et al. 10.1029/2021GL094658
- Thirteen years of subglacial lake activity in Antarctica from multi-mission satellite altimetry M. Siegfried & H. Fricker 10.1017/aog.2017.36
- Widespread increase in dynamic imbalance in the Getz region of Antarctica from 1994 to 2018 H. Selley et al. 10.1038/s41467-021-21321-1
- Persistent, extensive channelized drainage modeled beneath Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica A. Hager et al. 10.5194/tc-16-3575-2022
- Multipeak retracking of radar altimetry waveforms over ice sheets Q. Huang et al. 10.1016/j.rse.2024.114020
- Subglacial lakes and their changing role in a warming climate S. Livingstone et al. 10.1038/s43017-021-00246-9
- Distinct modes of meltwater drainage and landform development beneath the last Barents Sea ice sheet C. Shackleton et al. 10.3389/feart.2023.1111396
- Variability in the ice sheet elevations over Antarctica derived from repetitive SARAL/AltiKa radar altimeter data (2013–2016) M. Suryawanshi et al. 10.1007/s12040-019-1093-x
- How Accurately Should We Model Ice Shelf Melt Rates? D. Goldberg et al. 10.1029/2018GL080383
- Antarctic ice shelf thickness change from multimission lidar mapping T. Sutterley et al. 10.5194/tc-13-1801-2019
- Extending the record of Antarctic ice shelf thickness change, from 1992 to 2017 A. Hogg et al. 10.1016/j.asr.2020.05.030
- An Active Subglacial Lake near Vostok Subglacial Lake in East Antarctica Discovered Using ALOS-2 Interferometry H. Shin & H. Han 10.7780/kjrs.2024.40.5.1.2
- Regularized Coulomb Friction Laws for Ice Sheet Sliding: Application to Pine Island Glacier, Antarctica I. Joughin et al. 10.1029/2019GL082526
- Bed-type variability and till (dis)continuity beneath Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica A. Muto et al. 10.1017/aog.2019.32
- Constraints on subglacial melt fluxes from observations of active subglacial lake recharge G. Malczyk et al. 10.1017/jog.2023.70
- Relating bed character and subglacial morphology using seismic data from Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica A. Muto et al. 10.1016/j.epsl.2018.12.008
- Illuminating Active Subglacial Lake Processes With ICESat‐2 Laser Altimetry M. Siegfried & H. Fricker 10.1029/2020GL091089
- Evidence of Cascading Subglacial Water Flow at Jutulstraumen Glacier (Antarctica) Derived From Sentinel‐1 and ICESat‐2 Measurements N. Neckel et al. 10.1029/2021GL094472
- Subglacial Water Flow Over an Antarctic Palaeo‐Ice Stream Bed K. Hogan et al. 10.1029/2021JF006442
- Subglacial lakes and hydrology across the Ellsworth Subglacial Highlands, West Antarctica F. Napoleoni et al. 10.5194/tc-14-4507-2020
- The role of subglacial hydrology in Antarctic ice sheet dynamics and stability: a modelling perspective C. Dow 10.1017/aog.2023.9
- Thwaites Glacier thins and retreats fastest where ice-shelf channels intersect its grounding zone A. Chartrand et al. 10.5194/tc-18-4971-2024
- Parallel tunnel channels of the Huron-Erie Lobe of the Laurentide Ice Sheet: A variation of tunnel channels with implications on lobe history and subglacial meltwater dynamics A. Sodeman et al. 10.1016/j.geomorph.2021.107726
- Subglacial water storage and drainage beneath the Fennoscandian and Barents Sea ice sheets C. Shackleton et al. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.10.007
- A West Antarctic grounding-zone environment shaped by episodic water flow H. Horgan et al. 10.1038/s41561-025-01687-3
- Stochastic modeling of subglacial topography exposes uncertainty in water routing at Jakobshavn Glacier E. MacKie et al. 10.1017/jog.2020.84
- Subglacial lake activity beneath the ablation zone of the Greenland Ice Sheet Y. Fan et al. 10.5194/tc-17-1775-2023
- Glacier change along West Antarctica's Marie Byrd Land Sector and links to inter-decadal atmosphere–ocean variability F. Christie et al. 10.5194/tc-12-2461-2018
- Monitoring the Hydrological Activities of Antarctic Subglacial Lakes Using CryoSat-2 and ICESat-2 Altimetry Data Y. Fan et al. 10.3390/rs14040898
- Suppressed basal melting in the eastern Thwaites Glacier grounding zone P. Davis et al. 10.1038/s41586-022-05586-0
- Migration of the Shear Margins at Thwaites Glacier: Dependence on Basal Conditions and Testability Against Field Data P. Summers et al. 10.1029/2022JF006958
- Ocean access beneath the southwest tributary of Pine Island Glacier, West Antarctica D. Schroeder et al. 10.1017/aog.2017.45
- Using Multimission Satellite Altimetry to Monitor Subglacial Hydrological Activities in the Totten Basin, East Antarctica J. Liu et al. 10.1109/JSTARS.2024.3451525
- The influence of subglacial lake discharge on Thwaites Glacier ice-shelf melting and grounding-line retreat N. Gourmelen et al. 10.1038/s41467-025-57417-1
- Sedimentary Signatures of Persistent Subglacial Meltwater Drainage From Thwaites Glacier, Antarctica A. Lepp et al. 10.3389/feart.2022.863200
- Strong Ocean Melting Feedback During the Recent Retreat of Thwaites Glacier P. Holland et al. 10.1029/2023GL103088
- Variational formulation of marine ice-sheet and subglacial-lake grounding-line dynamics A. Stubblefield et al. 10.1017/jfm.2021.394
- Modeling oscillations in connected glacial lakes A. Stubblefield et al. 10.1017/jog.2019.46
- The feasibility of imaging subglacial hydrology beneath ice streams with ground-based electromagnetics K. KEY & M. SIEGFRIED 10.1017/jog.2017.36
72 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Geological sketch map and implications for ice flow of Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica, from integrated aerogeophysical observations T. Jordan et al. 10.1126/sciadv.adf2639
- Radiocarbon Constraints on Carbon Release From the Antarctic Ice Sheet Into the Amundsen Sea Embayment L. Fang & M. Kim 10.1029/2022JG007053
- Identification and Activity of Subglacial Lakes Beneath the Mercer and Whillans Ice Streams and Slessor Glacier Y. Fan et al. 10.1109/JSTARS.2023.3328056
- How much, how fast?: A science review and outlook for research on the instability of Antarctica's Thwaites Glacier in the 21st century T. Scambos et al. 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2017.04.008
- CryoSat-2 swath interferometric altimetry for mapping ice elevation and elevation change N. Gourmelen et al. 10.1016/j.asr.2017.11.014
- Improved monitoring of subglacial lake activity in Greenland L. Sandberg Sørensen et al. 10.5194/tc-18-505-2024
- Heterogeneous melting near the Thwaites Glacier grounding line B. Schmidt et al. 10.1038/s41586-022-05691-0
- The Non‐Local Impacts of Antarctic Subglacial Runoff D. Goldberg et al. 10.1029/2023JC019823
- SARAL/AltiKa Mission: Applications Using Ka-band Altimetry R. Kumar et al. 10.1007/s40010-017-0436-8
- Ice fabrics in two-dimensional flows: beyond pure and simple shear D. Richards et al. 10.5194/tc-16-4571-2022
- Reconstructing subglacial lake activity with an altimetry-based inverse method A. Stubblefield et al. 10.1017/jog.2023.90
- Brief communication: Heterogenous thinning and subglacial lake activity on Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica A. Hoffman et al. 10.5194/tc-14-4603-2020
- How dynamic are ice-stream beds? D. Davies et al. 10.5194/tc-12-1615-2018
- CryoSat-2 interferometric mode calibration and validation: A case study from the Austfonna ice cap, Svalbard A. Morris et al. 10.1016/j.rse.2021.112805
- A revised calibration of the interferometric mode of the CryoSat-2 radar altimeter improves ice height and height change measurements in western Greenland L. Gray et al. 10.5194/tc-11-1041-2017
- Antarctic Topographic Realizations and Geostatistical Modeling Used to Map Subglacial Lakes E. MacKie et al. 10.1029/2019JF005420
- Heterogeneous and rapid ice loss over the Patagonian Ice Fields revealed by CryoSat-2 swath radar altimetry L. Foresta et al. 10.1016/j.rse.2018.03.041
- Representing grounding line migration in synchronous coupling between a marine ice sheet model and a z-coordinate ocean model D. Goldberg et al. 10.1016/j.ocemod.2018.03.005
- Inverting ice surface elevation and velocity for bed topography and slipperiness beneath Thwaites Glacier H. Ockenden et al. 10.5194/tc-16-3867-2022
- Bedforms of Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica: Character and Origin R. Alley et al. 10.1029/2021JF006339
- Past water flow beneath Pine Island and Thwaites glaciers, West Antarctica J. Kirkham et al. 10.5194/tc-13-1959-2019
- Mapping high-resolution basal topography of West Antarctica from radar data using non-stationary multiple-point geostatistics (MPS-BedMappingV1) Z. Yin et al. 10.5194/gmd-15-1477-2022
- CryoSat: ESA’s ice mission – Eight years in space T. Parrinello et al. 10.1016/j.asr.2018.04.014
- The Scientific Legacy of NASA’s Operation IceBridge J. MacGregor et al. 10.1029/2020RG000712
- A subglacial hydrologic drainage hypothesis for silt sorting and deposition during retreat in Pine Island Bay D. Schroeder et al. 10.1017/aog.2019.44
- The Impact of Basal Roughness on Inland Thwaites Glacier Sliding A. Hoffman et al. 10.1029/2021GL096564
- Measuring Height Change Around the Periphery of the Greenland Ice Sheet With Radar Altimetry L. Gray et al. 10.3389/feart.2019.00146
- Repeat Subglacial Lake Drainage and Filling Beneath Thwaites Glacier G. Malczyk et al. 10.1029/2020GL089658
- Characterizing sub-glacial hydrology using radar simulations C. Pierce et al. 10.5194/tc-18-1495-2024
- A Method of Repeat Photoclinometry for Detecting Kilometer-Scale Ice Sheet Surface Evolution C. Greene & D. Blankenship 10.1109/TGRS.2017.2773364
- Evidence of active subglacial lakes under a slowly moving coastal region of the Antarctic Ice Sheet J. Arthur et al. 10.5194/tc-19-375-2025
- Ocean‐Forced Ice‐Shelf Thinning in a Synchronously Coupled Ice‐Ocean Model J. Jordan et al. 10.1002/2017JC013251
- Aerogeophysical characterization of an active subglacial lake system in the David Glacier catchment, Antarctica L. Lindzey et al. 10.5194/tc-14-2217-2020
- Simulating the processes controlling ice-shelf rift paths using damage mechanics A. Huth et al. 10.1017/jog.2023.71
- Surface Expression and Apparent Timing of Subglacial Lake Oscillations Controlled by Viscous Ice Flow A. Stubblefield et al. 10.1029/2021GL094658
- Thirteen years of subglacial lake activity in Antarctica from multi-mission satellite altimetry M. Siegfried & H. Fricker 10.1017/aog.2017.36
- Widespread increase in dynamic imbalance in the Getz region of Antarctica from 1994 to 2018 H. Selley et al. 10.1038/s41467-021-21321-1
- Persistent, extensive channelized drainage modeled beneath Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica A. Hager et al. 10.5194/tc-16-3575-2022
- Multipeak retracking of radar altimetry waveforms over ice sheets Q. Huang et al. 10.1016/j.rse.2024.114020
- Subglacial lakes and their changing role in a warming climate S. Livingstone et al. 10.1038/s43017-021-00246-9
- Distinct modes of meltwater drainage and landform development beneath the last Barents Sea ice sheet C. Shackleton et al. 10.3389/feart.2023.1111396
- Variability in the ice sheet elevations over Antarctica derived from repetitive SARAL/AltiKa radar altimeter data (2013–2016) M. Suryawanshi et al. 10.1007/s12040-019-1093-x
- How Accurately Should We Model Ice Shelf Melt Rates? D. Goldberg et al. 10.1029/2018GL080383
- Antarctic ice shelf thickness change from multimission lidar mapping T. Sutterley et al. 10.5194/tc-13-1801-2019
- Extending the record of Antarctic ice shelf thickness change, from 1992 to 2017 A. Hogg et al. 10.1016/j.asr.2020.05.030
- An Active Subglacial Lake near Vostok Subglacial Lake in East Antarctica Discovered Using ALOS-2 Interferometry H. Shin & H. Han 10.7780/kjrs.2024.40.5.1.2
- Regularized Coulomb Friction Laws for Ice Sheet Sliding: Application to Pine Island Glacier, Antarctica I. Joughin et al. 10.1029/2019GL082526
- Bed-type variability and till (dis)continuity beneath Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica A. Muto et al. 10.1017/aog.2019.32
- Constraints on subglacial melt fluxes from observations of active subglacial lake recharge G. Malczyk et al. 10.1017/jog.2023.70
- Relating bed character and subglacial morphology using seismic data from Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica A. Muto et al. 10.1016/j.epsl.2018.12.008
- Illuminating Active Subglacial Lake Processes With ICESat‐2 Laser Altimetry M. Siegfried & H. Fricker 10.1029/2020GL091089
- Evidence of Cascading Subglacial Water Flow at Jutulstraumen Glacier (Antarctica) Derived From Sentinel‐1 and ICESat‐2 Measurements N. Neckel et al. 10.1029/2021GL094472
- Subglacial Water Flow Over an Antarctic Palaeo‐Ice Stream Bed K. Hogan et al. 10.1029/2021JF006442
- Subglacial lakes and hydrology across the Ellsworth Subglacial Highlands, West Antarctica F. Napoleoni et al. 10.5194/tc-14-4507-2020
- The role of subglacial hydrology in Antarctic ice sheet dynamics and stability: a modelling perspective C. Dow 10.1017/aog.2023.9
- Thwaites Glacier thins and retreats fastest where ice-shelf channels intersect its grounding zone A. Chartrand et al. 10.5194/tc-18-4971-2024
- Parallel tunnel channels of the Huron-Erie Lobe of the Laurentide Ice Sheet: A variation of tunnel channels with implications on lobe history and subglacial meltwater dynamics A. Sodeman et al. 10.1016/j.geomorph.2021.107726
- Subglacial water storage and drainage beneath the Fennoscandian and Barents Sea ice sheets C. Shackleton et al. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.10.007
- A West Antarctic grounding-zone environment shaped by episodic water flow H. Horgan et al. 10.1038/s41561-025-01687-3
- Stochastic modeling of subglacial topography exposes uncertainty in water routing at Jakobshavn Glacier E. MacKie et al. 10.1017/jog.2020.84
- Subglacial lake activity beneath the ablation zone of the Greenland Ice Sheet Y. Fan et al. 10.5194/tc-17-1775-2023
- Glacier change along West Antarctica's Marie Byrd Land Sector and links to inter-decadal atmosphere–ocean variability F. Christie et al. 10.5194/tc-12-2461-2018
- Monitoring the Hydrological Activities of Antarctic Subglacial Lakes Using CryoSat-2 and ICESat-2 Altimetry Data Y. Fan et al. 10.3390/rs14040898
- Suppressed basal melting in the eastern Thwaites Glacier grounding zone P. Davis et al. 10.1038/s41586-022-05586-0
- Migration of the Shear Margins at Thwaites Glacier: Dependence on Basal Conditions and Testability Against Field Data P. Summers et al. 10.1029/2022JF006958
- Ocean access beneath the southwest tributary of Pine Island Glacier, West Antarctica D. Schroeder et al. 10.1017/aog.2017.45
- Using Multimission Satellite Altimetry to Monitor Subglacial Hydrological Activities in the Totten Basin, East Antarctica J. Liu et al. 10.1109/JSTARS.2024.3451525
- The influence of subglacial lake discharge on Thwaites Glacier ice-shelf melting and grounding-line retreat N. Gourmelen et al. 10.1038/s41467-025-57417-1
- Sedimentary Signatures of Persistent Subglacial Meltwater Drainage From Thwaites Glacier, Antarctica A. Lepp et al. 10.3389/feart.2022.863200
- Strong Ocean Melting Feedback During the Recent Retreat of Thwaites Glacier P. Holland et al. 10.1029/2023GL103088
- Variational formulation of marine ice-sheet and subglacial-lake grounding-line dynamics A. Stubblefield et al. 10.1017/jfm.2021.394
- Modeling oscillations in connected glacial lakes A. Stubblefield et al. 10.1017/jog.2019.46
1 citations as recorded by crossref.
Discussed (final revised paper)
Latest update: 30 May 2025
Short summary
In this paper we investigate elevation changes of Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica, one of the main sources of excess ice discharge into the ocean. We find that in early 2013, four subglacial lakes separated by 100 km drained suddenly, discharging more than 3 km3 of water under the fastest part of the glacier in less than 6 months. Concurrent ice-speed measurements show only minor changes, suggesting that ice dynamics are not strongly sensitive to changes in water flow.
In this paper we investigate elevation changes of Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica, one of the...
