Wave climate in the Arctic 1992&ndash;2014: seasonality and trends

Stopa, Justin E.; Ardhuin, Fabrice; Girard-Ardhuin, Fanny

doi:10.5194/tc-10-1605-2016

Articles | Volume 10, issue 4

https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-1605-2016

© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-1605-2016

© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Articles | Volume 10, issue 4

Research article

| Highlight paper

|

26 Jul 2016

Research article | Highlight paper |

| 26 Jul 2016

Wave climate in the Arctic 1992–2014: seasonality and trends

Justin E. Stopa, Fabrice Ardhuin, and Fanny Girard-Ardhuin

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Total article views: 9,502 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)

HTML	PDF	XML	Total	BibTeX	EndNote
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HTML: 6,344
PDF: 2,788
XML: 370
Total: 9,502
BibTeX: 335
EndNote: 417

Views and downloads (calculated since 25 Feb 2016)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Feb 2016	78	38	4	120
Mar 2016	80	30	21	131
Apr 2016	32	15	1	48
May 2016	23	12	1	36
Jun 2016	9	11	0	20
Jul 2016	79	34	3	116
Aug 2016	215	37	1	253
Sep 2016	73	22	7	102
Oct 2016	56	20	11	87
Nov 2016	20	9	6	35
Dec 2016	19	13	2	34
Jan 2017	30	25	3	58
Feb 2017	43	13	14	70
Mar 2017	56	28	9	93
Apr 2017	61	13	11	85
May 2017	80	23	15	118
Jun 2017	61	23	16	100
Jul 2017	33	26	2	61
Aug 2017	19	22	0	41
Sep 2017	31	28	1	60
Oct 2017	33	23	1	57
Nov 2017	36	31	5	72
Dec 2017	36	25	3	64
Jan 2018	35	27	2	64
Feb 2018	55	29	7	91
Mar 2018	29	32	4	65
Apr 2018	21	35	1	57
May 2018	26	42	2	70
Jun 2018	23	40	2	65
Jul 2018	20	35	2	57
Aug 2018	28	32	2	62
Sep 2018	19	25	0	44
Oct 2018	16	26	2	44
Nov 2018	20	34	1	55
Dec 2018	26	21	1	48
Jan 2019	20	24	0	44
Feb 2019	16	21	1	38
Mar 2019	31	15	1	47
Apr 2019	44	33	3	80
May 2019	34	31	1	66
Jun 2019	41	31	0	72
Jul 2019	51	39	2	92
Aug 2019	53	27	2	82
Sep 2019	42	25	0	67
Oct 2019	48	22	2	72
Nov 2019	56	33	4	93
Dec 2019	53	18	0	71
Jan 2020	57	12	4	73
Feb 2020	44	9	2	55
Mar 2020	63	18	2	83
Apr 2020	70	17	2	89
May 2020	81	22	0	103
Jun 2020	65	28	2	95
Jul 2020	94	81	34	209
Aug 2020	69	14	4	87
Sep 2020	80	19	0	99
Oct 2020	45	8	2	55
Nov 2020	38	17	1	56
Dec 2020	70	8	0	78
Jan 2021	80	20	3	103
Feb 2021	58	12	2	72
Mar 2021	67	23	3	93
Apr 2021	53	19	1	73
May 2021	75	20	4	99
Jun 2021	63	14	0	77
Jul 2021	52	14	1	67
Aug 2021	40	13	4	57
Sep 2021	47	22	0	69
Oct 2021	42	52	3	97
Nov 2021	39	46	1	86
Dec 2021	61	16	2	79
Jan 2022	58	19	2	79
Feb 2022	44	19	4	67
Mar 2022	53	17	3	73
Apr 2022	54	11	3	68
May 2022	52	13	2	67
Jun 2022	49	15	3	67
Jul 2022	56	13	3	72
Aug 2022	51	11	0	62
Sep 2022	43	15	1	59
Oct 2022	48	18	5	71
Nov 2022	70	18	2	90
Dec 2022	72	18	3	93
Jan 2023	79	26	4	109
Feb 2023	58	8	1	67
Mar 2023	58	20	1	79
Apr 2023	47	19	0	66
May 2023	58	30	2	90
Jun 2023	55	16	8	79
Jul 2023	57	10	2	69
Aug 2023	80	15	5	100
Sep 2023	203	24	3	230
Oct 2023	300	19	3	322
Nov 2023	274	10	0	284
Dec 2023	30	20	2	52
Jan 2024	27	23	0	50
Feb 2024	15	21	1	37
Mar 2024	30	31	4	65
Apr 2024	42	25	8	75
May 2024	38	25	7	70
Jun 2024	41	14	2	57
Jul 2024	16	13	0	29
Aug 2024	31	8	4	43
Sep 2024	26	23	0	49
Oct 2024	58	16	1	75
Nov 2024	42	28	0	70
Dec 2024	48	18	5	71
Jan 2025	39	10	1	50
Feb 2025	40	46	2	88
Mar 2025	36	23	2	61
Apr 2025	35	49	0	84
May 2025	46	34	0	80
Jun 2025	65	19	0	84
Jul 2025	47	15	4	66
Aug 2025	55	51	4	110
Sep 2025	56	17	1	74
Oct 2025	29	57	3	89
Nov 2025	65	69	2	136
Dec 2025	5	7	1	13

Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 25 Feb 2016)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Feb 2016	78	38	4	120
Mar 2016	80	30	21	131
Apr 2016	32	15	1	48
May 2016	23	12	1	36
Jun 2016	9	11	0	20
Jul 2016	79	34	3	116
Aug 2016	215	37	1	253
Sep 2016	73	22	7	102
Oct 2016	56	20	11	87
Nov 2016	20	9	6	35
Dec 2016	19	13	2	34
Jan 2017	30	25	3	58
Feb 2017	43	13	14	70
Mar 2017	56	28	9	93
Apr 2017	61	13	11	85
May 2017	80	23	15	118
Jun 2017	61	23	16	100
Jul 2017	33	26	2	61
Aug 2017	19	22	0	41
Sep 2017	31	28	1	60
Oct 2017	33	23	1	57
Nov 2017	36	31	5	72
Dec 2017	36	25	3	64
Jan 2018	35	27	2	64
Feb 2018	55	29	7	91
Mar 2018	29	32	4	65
Apr 2018	21	35	1	57
May 2018	26	42	2	70
Jun 2018	23	40	2	65
Jul 2018	20	35	2	57
Aug 2018	28	32	2	62
Sep 2018	19	25	0	44
Oct 2018	16	26	2	44
Nov 2018	20	34	1	55
Dec 2018	26	21	1	48
Jan 2019	20	24	0	44
Feb 2019	16	21	1	38
Mar 2019	31	15	1	47
Apr 2019	44	33	3	80
May 2019	34	31	1	66
Jun 2019	41	31	0	72
Jul 2019	51	39	2	92
Aug 2019	53	27	2	82
Sep 2019	42	25	0	67
Oct 2019	48	22	2	72
Nov 2019	56	33	4	93
Dec 2019	53	18	0	71
Jan 2020	57	12	4	73
Feb 2020	44	9	2	55
Mar 2020	63	18	2	83
Apr 2020	70	17	2	89
May 2020	81	22	0	103
Jun 2020	65	28	2	95
Jul 2020	94	81	34	209
Aug 2020	69	14	4	87
Sep 2020	80	19	0	99
Oct 2020	45	8	2	55
Nov 2020	38	17	1	56
Dec 2020	70	8	0	78
Jan 2021	80	20	3	103
Feb 2021	58	12	2	72
Mar 2021	67	23	3	93
Apr 2021	53	19	1	73
May 2021	75	20	4	99
Jun 2021	63	14	0	77
Jul 2021	52	14	1	67
Aug 2021	40	13	4	57
Sep 2021	47	22	0	69
Oct 2021	42	52	3	97
Nov 2021	39	46	1	86
Dec 2021	61	16	2	79
Jan 2022	58	19	2	79
Feb 2022	44	19	4	67
Mar 2022	53	17	3	73
Apr 2022	54	11	3	68
May 2022	52	13	2	67
Jun 2022	49	15	3	67
Jul 2022	56	13	3	72
Aug 2022	51	11	0	62
Sep 2022	43	15	1	59
Oct 2022	48	18	5	71
Nov 2022	70	18	2	90
Dec 2022	72	18	3	93
Jan 2023	79	26	4	109
Feb 2023	58	8	1	67
Mar 2023	58	20	1	79
Apr 2023	47	19	0	66
May 2023	58	30	2	90
Jun 2023	55	16	8	79
Jul 2023	57	10	2	69
Aug 2023	80	15	5	100
Sep 2023	203	24	3	230
Oct 2023	300	19	3	322
Nov 2023	274	10	0	284
Dec 2023	30	20	2	52
Jan 2024	27	23	0	50
Feb 2024	15	21	1	37
Mar 2024	30	31	4	65
Apr 2024	42	25	8	75
May 2024	38	25	7	70
Jun 2024	41	14	2	57
Jul 2024	16	13	0	29
Aug 2024	31	8	4	43
Sep 2024	26	23	0	49
Oct 2024	58	16	1	75
Nov 2024	42	28	0	70
Dec 2024	48	18	5	71
Jan 2025	39	10	1	50
Feb 2025	40	46	2	88
Mar 2025	36	23	2	61
Apr 2025	35	49	0	84
May 2025	46	34	0	80
Jun 2025	65	19	0	84
Jul 2025	47	15	4	66
Aug 2025	55	51	4	110
Sep 2025	56	17	1	74
Oct 2025	29	57	3	89
Nov 2025	65	69	2	136
Dec 2025	5	7	1	13

Latest update: 05 Dec 2025

Short summary

Satellite observations show the Arctic sea ice has decreased the last 30 years. From our wave model hindcast and satellite altimeter datasets we observe profound increasing wave heights, which are caused by the loss of sea ice and not the driving winds. If ice-free conditions persist later into fall, then regions like the Beaufort–Chukchi Sea will be prone to developing larger waves since the driving winds are strong this time of year.