Refining the sea surface identification approach for determining freeboards in the ICESat-2 sea ice products

Abstract. In Release 1 and 2 of the ICESat-2 sea ice products, candidate height segments used to estimate the reference sea surface height for freeboard calculations included two surface types: specular and smooth dark leads. We found that the uncorrected photon rates, used as proxies of surface reflectance, are attenuated due to clouds resulting in the potential misclassification of sea ice as dark leads, biasing the reference sea surface height relative to those derived from the more reliable specular returns. This results in higher reference sea surface heights and lowering estimated ice freeboards. Resolution of available cloud flags from the ICESat-2 atmosphere data product are too coarse to provide useful filtering at the lead segment scale. In Release 3, we have modified the surface reference finding algorithm so that only specular leads are used. The consequence of this change can be seen in the freeboard composites of the Arctic and Southern Ocean. Broadly, coverages have decreased by ~10–20 % because there are fewer leads (by excluding the dark leads), and the composite means have increased by 0–4 cm because of the use of more consistent specular leads.