<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/nlm-dtd/publishing/3.0/journalpublishing3.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">TC</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>The Cryosphere</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">TC</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">The Cryosphere</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1994-0424</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/tc-9-603-2015</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Self-regulation of ice flow varies across the ablation area in south-west Greenland</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>van de Wal</surname>
<given-names>R. S. W.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Smeets</surname>
<given-names>C. J. P. P.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Boot</surname>
<given-names>W.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Stoffelen</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>van Kampen</surname>
<given-names>R.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Doyle</surname>
<given-names>S. H.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Wilhelms</surname>
<given-names>F.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>van den Broeke</surname>
<given-names>M. R.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4662-7565</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Reijmer</surname>
<given-names>C. H.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Oerlemans</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5701-4161</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Hubbard</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Institute for Marine and Atmospheric research Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Centre for Glaciology, Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Alfred Wegener Institute, Bremerhaven, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>01</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>9</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>603</fpage>
<lpage>611</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2015 R. S. W. van de Wal et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2015</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/9/603/2015/tc-9-603-2015.html">This article is available from https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/9/603/2015/tc-9-603-2015.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/9/603/2015/tc-9-603-2015.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/9/603/2015/tc-9-603-2015.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>The concept of a positive feedback between ice flow and enhanced melt rates
in a warmer climate fuelled the debate regarding the temporal and spatial
controls on seasonal ice acceleration. Here we combine melt, basal water
pressure and ice velocity data. Using 20 years of data covering
the whole ablation area, we show that there is not a strong positive correlation
between annual ice velocities and melt rates. Annual velocities even
slightly decreased with increasing melt. Results also indicate that melt
variations are most important for velocity variations in the upper ablation
zone up to the equilibrium line altitude. During the extreme melt in 2012, a
large velocity response near the equilibrium line was observed, highlighting
the possibility of meltwater to have an impact even high on the ice sheet.
This may lead to an increase of the annual ice velocity in the region above
S9 and requires further monitoring.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="9"/></counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body/>
<back>
<ref-list>
<title>References</title>
<ref id="ref1">
<label>1</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Andreas, E. L.: A theory for scalar roughness and the scalar coefficients over snow and ice, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 38, 159–184, 1987.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref2">
<label>2</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Bartholomaus, T. C., Anderson, R. S., and Anderson, S. P.: Response of glacier basal motion to transient water storage, Nat. Geosci., 1, 33–37, 2008.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref3">
<label>3</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Bartholomew, I., Nienow, P., Mair, D., Hubbard, A., King, M. A., and Sole, A.: Seasonal evolution of subglacial drainage and acceleration in a Greenland outlet glacier, Nat. Geosci., 3, 408–411, 2010.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref4">
<label>4</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Bartholomew, I., Nienow, P., Sole, A., Mair, D., Cowton, T., King, M. A., and Palmer, S.: Seasonal variations in Greenland Ice Sheet motion: Inland extent and behaviour at higher elevations, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 307, 271–278, 2011.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref5">
<label>5</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Bartholomew, I., Nienow, P., Sole, a., Mair, D., Cowton, T., King, M. A.: Short-term variability in Greenland Ice Sheet motion forced by time-varying meltwater drainage: implications for the relationship between subglacial drainage system behaviour and ice velocity, J. Geophys. Res., 117, F03002, &lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011JF002220&quot;&gt;https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JF002220&lt;/a&gt;, 2012.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref6">
<label>6</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Chandler, D. M., Wadham, J. K., Lis, G. P., Cowton, T., Sole, A., Bartholomew, I., Telling, J., Nienow, P., Bagshaw, E. B., Mair, D., Vinen, S. and Hubbard, A.: Evolution of the subglacial drainage system beneath the Greenland ice sheet revealed by tracers, Nat. Geosci., 6, 195–198, 2013.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref7">
<label>7</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Colgan, W., Rajaram, H., Anderson, R. S., Steffen, K., Phillips, T., Joughin, I., Zwally, H. J., and Abdalati, W.: The annual glaciohydrology cycle in the ablation zone of the Greenland Ice Sheet: Part 1 Hydrology, J. Glaciol., 57, 697–709, 2011.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref8">
<label>8</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Colgan, W., Rajaram, H., Anderson, R. S., Zwally, H. J., Steffen, K., Phillips, T., and Abdalati, W.: The annual glaciohydrology cycle in the ablation zone of the Greenland Ice Sheet: Part 2 Observed and modeled ice flow, J. Glaciol., 58, 51–64, 2012.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref9">
<label>9</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Cowton, T., Nienow, P., Sole, A., Wadham, J., Lis, G., Bartholomew, I., Mair, D., and Chandler, D.: Evolution of drainage system morphology at a land-terminating Greenlandic outlet glacier, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 118, 1–13, 2013.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref10">
<label>10</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Das, S. B., Joughin, I., Behn, M. D., Howat, I.M., King, M. A., Lizarralde, D., and Bhatia, M. P.: Fracture propagation to the base of the Greenland ice sheet during supraglacial lake drainage, Science, 320, 778–781, 2008.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref11">
<label>11</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">den Ouden, M. A. G., Reijmer, C. H., Pohjola, V., van de Wal, R. S. W., Oerlemans, J., and Boot, W.: Stand-alone single-frequency GPS ice velocity observations on Nordenskiöldbreen, Svalbard, The Cryosphere, 4, 593–604, &lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-4-593-2010&quot;&gt;https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-4-593-2010&lt;/a&gt;, 2010.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref12">
<label>12</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Dow, C. F., Hubbard, A., Booth, A. D., Doyle, S. H., Gusmeroli, A., and Kulessa, B.: Seismic evidence of mechanically-weak sediments underlying Russell Glacier, West Greenland. Ann. Glaciol., 54, 135–141, &lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/2013AoG64A032&quot;&gt;https://doi.org/10.3189/2013AoG64A032&lt;/a&gt;, 2013.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref13">
<label>13</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Doyle, S. H., Hubbard, A., Fitzpatrick, A. A. W., van As, D., Mikkelsen, A. B., Petterson R., Hubbard, B.: Persistent flow acceleration within the interior of the Greenland Ice Sheet, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 899–905, &lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2013GL058933&quot;&gt;https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GL058933&lt;/a&gt;, 2014.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref14">
<label>14</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Fettweis, X.: Reconstruction of the 1979–2006 Greenland ice sheet surface mass balance using the regional climate model MAR, The Cryosphere, 1, 21–40, &lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-1-21-2007&quot;&gt;https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-1-21-2007&lt;/a&gt;, 2007.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref15">
<label>15</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Fitzpatrick, A. A. W., Hubbard, A. L., Joughin, I., Quincey, D. J., van As, D., Mikkelsen, A. P. B., and Doyle, S. H.: Ice flow dynamics and surface meltwater flux at the land-terminating margin of the west Greenland Ice Sheet, J Glaciol., 59, 687–696, &lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/2013JoG12J143&quot;&gt;https://doi.org/10.3189/2013JoG12J143&lt;/a&gt;, 2013.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref16">
<label>16</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Hoffman, M. J., Catania, G. A., Neuman, T. A., Andrews, L. C., and Rumrill, J. A.: Links between acceleration, melting, and supraglacial lake drainage of the western Greenland ice sheet, J. Geophys. Res., 116, F04035, &lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JF001934&quot;&gt;https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JF001934&lt;/a&gt;, 2011.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref17">
<label>17</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Howat, I. M., Joughin, I., and Scambos, T. A.: Rapid changes in ice discharge from Greenland outlet glaciers, Science, 315, 1559–1561, 2007.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref18">
<label>18</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Howat, I. M., de la Peña, S., van Angelen, J. H., Lenaerts, J. T. M., and van den Broeke, M. R.: Brief Communication &quot;Expansion of meltwater lakes on the Greenland Ice Sheet&quot;, The Cryosphere, 7, 201–204, &lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-201-2013&quot;&gt;https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-201-2013&lt;/a&gt;, 2013.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref19">
<label>19</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Iken, A. and Bindschadler, R.: Combined measurements of subglacial water pressure and surface velocity of Findelengletscher, Switzerland: conclusions about the drainage system and sliding mechanism, J. Glaciol., 32, 101–119, 1986.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref20">
<label>20</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Iken, A., Rothlisberger, H., Flotron, A., and Haeberli, W.: The uplift of Unteraargletscher at the beginning of the melt season – a consequence of water storage at the bed, J. Glaciol., 29, 28–47, 1983.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref21">
<label>21</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Iken, A., Echelmeyer, K., Harrison, W., and Funk, M.: Mechanisms of fast flow in Jakobshavns Isbræ, West Greenland, I: Measurements of temperature and water level in deep boreholes, J. Glaciol., International Glaciological Society, 39, 15–25, 1993.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref22">
<label>22</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Joughin, I., Das, S. B., King, M. A., Smith, B. E., Howat, I. M., and Moon, T.: Seasonal Speedup along the western flank of the Greenland Ice Sheet, Science, 320, 781–783, 2008.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref23">
<label>23</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Joughin, I., Das, S. B., Flowers, G. E., Behn, M. D., Alley, R. B., King, M. A., Smith, B. E., Bamber, J. L., van den Broeke, M. R., and van Angelen, J. H.: Influence of ice-sheet geometry and supraglacial lakes on seasonal ice-flow variability, The Cryosphere, 7, 1185–1192, &lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-1185-2013&quot;&gt;https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-1185-2013&lt;/a&gt;, 2013.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref24">
<label>24</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Meierbachtol, T., Harper, J., and Humphrey, N.: Basal drainage system response to increasing surface melt on the Greenland ice sheet, Science, 341, 777–779, &lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1235905&quot;&gt;https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1235905&lt;/a&gt;, 2013.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref25">
<label>25</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Nghiem, S., Hall, D. K., Mote, T. L., Tedesco, M., Albert, M. R., Keegan, K., Shuman, C. A., DiGiolamo, N. E., and Neumann, G.: The extreme melt across the Greenland ice sheet in 2012, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L20502, &lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012GL053611&quot;&gt;https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL053611&lt;/a&gt;, 2012.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref26">
<label>26</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Nick, F. M., Vieli, A., Andersen, M. L., Joughin, I., Payne, A., Edwards, T. L., Pattyn, F., and Van de Wal, R. S. W.: Future sea-level rise from Greenland&apos;s main outlet glaciers in a warming climate, Nature, 497, 235–237, 2013.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref27">
<label>27</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Palmer, S., Shepherd, A., Nienow, P., and Joughin, I.: Seasonal speedup of the Greenland Ice Sheet linked to routing of surface water, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 302, 3–4, 2011.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref28">
<label>28</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Parizek, B. R.: Sliding to sea, Nat. Geosci., 3, 385–386, &lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo879&quot;&gt;https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo879&lt;/a&gt;, 2010.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref29">
<label>29</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Parizek, B. R. and Alley, R. B.: Implications of increased Greenland surface melt under global-warming scenarios: ice-sheet simulations, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 23, 1013–1027, 2004.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref30">
<label>30</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Philips, T., Rajaram, H., and Steffen, K.: Cryo-Hydrologic warming: a potential mechanism for rapid thermal response of ice sheets, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L20503, &lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010GL044397&quot;&gt;https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL044397&lt;/a&gt;, 2010.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref31">
<label>31</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Price, S., Payne, A., Catania, G., and Neumann, T.: Seasonal acceleration of inland ice via longitudinal coupling to marginal ice, J. Glaciol., 54, 213–219, 2008.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref32">
<label>32</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Pritchard, H. D., Arthern, R., Vaughan, D., and Edwards, L. A.: Extensive dynamic thinning on the margins of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets, Nature, 461, 971–975, 2009.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref33">
<label>33</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Rignot, E. and Kanagaratnam, P.: Changes in the velocity structure of the Greenland ice sheet, Science, 311, 986–990, 2006.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref34">
<label>34</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Schoof, C.: Ice-sheet acceleration driven by melt supply variability, Nature, 468, 803–806, &lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature09618&quot;&gt;https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09618&lt;/a&gt;, 2010.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref35">
<label>35</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Shannon, S., Payne, A. J., Bartholomew, I. D., Van den Broeke, M. R., Edwards, T. L., Fettweis, X., Gagliardini, O., Gillet-Chaulet, F., Goelzer, H., Hoffman, M. J., Huybrechts, P., Mair, D. W. F., Nienow, P. W., Perego, M., Price, S. F., Smeets, C. J. P. P., Sole, A. J., Van de Wal, R. S. W., and Zwinger, T.: Enhanced basal lubrication and the contribution of the Greenland ice sheet to future sea level rise, P. Natl. A. Sci., 110, 14156–14161, &lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1212647110&quot;&gt;https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1212647110&lt;/a&gt;, 2013.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref36">
<label>36</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Shepherd, A., Hubbard, A., Nienow, P., King, M., McMIllan, M., and Joughin, I.: Greenland ice sheet motion coupled with daily melting in late summer, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L01501, &lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008GL035758&quot;&gt;https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL035758&lt;/a&gt;, 2009.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref37">
<label>37</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Shepherd, A., Ivins, E. R., Geruo A., Barletta, V. R., Bentley, M. J., Bettadpur, S., Briggs, K. H., Bromwich, D. H. Forsberg, R., Galin, N., Horwath, M., Jacobs, S., Joughin, I., King, M. A., Lenaerts, J. T. M., Li, J., Ligtenberg, S. R. M., Luckman, A., Luthcke, S. B., McMillan, M., Meister, R., Milne, G., Mouginot, J., Muir, A., Nicolas, J. P., Paden, J. Payne, A. J., Pritchard, H., Rignot, E., Rott, H., Sandberg Sørensen, L., Scambos, T. A., Scheuchl, B., Schrama, E. J. O., Smith, B., Sundal, A. V., Van Angelen, J. H., Van de Berg, W. J., Van den Broeke, M. R., Vaughan, D. G.,Velicogna, I., Wahr, J., Whitehouse, P. L.,Wingham, D. J., Yi,D., Young, D., Zwally, H. J.: A reconciled estimate of ice-sheet mass balance, Science, 338, 1183–1189, 2012.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref38">
<label>38</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Smeets, C. J. P. P. and Van den Broeke, M. R.: Temporal and spatial variation of momentum roughness length in the ablation zone of the Greenland ice sheet, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 128, 315–338, 2008a.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref39">
<label>39</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Smeets, C. J. P. P. and Van den Broeke, M. R.: The parameterisation of scalar transfer over rough ice surfaces, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 128, 339–335, 2008b.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref40">
<label>40</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Smeets, C. J. P. P., Boot, W., Hubbard, A., Petterson, R., Wilhelms, F., Van den Broeke, M. R., and Van de Wal, R. S. W.: A wireless subglacial probe for deep ice applications, J. Glaciol., 58, 211, 841–848, 2012.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref41">
<label>41</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Sole, A., Nienow, P., Bartholomew, I., Mair, D., Cowton, T., Tedstone, A., and King, M. A.: Winter motion mediates dynamic response of the Greenland Ice Sheet to warmer summers, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 3940–3944, &lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/grl.50764&quot;&gt;https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50764&lt;/a&gt;, 2013.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref42">
<label>42</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Sundal, A. V., Shepherd, A., Nienow, P., Hanna, E., Palmer, S., Huybrechts, P.: Melt-induced speed-up of Greenland ice sheet offset by efficient subglacial drainage, Nature, 469, 521–524, 2011.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref43">
<label>43</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Tedstone, A. J., Nienow, P. W., Sole, A. J., Mair, D. W. F., Cowton, T. R., Bartholomew, I. D., and King, M. A.: Greenland ice motion insensitive to exceptional meltwater forcing, P. Natl. A. Sci., 110, 19719–19724, &lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1315843110&quot;&gt;https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1315843110&lt;/a&gt;, 2013.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref44">
<label>44</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">van den Broeke, M., Smeets, P., Ettema, J., van der Veen, C., van de Wal, R., and Oerlemans, J.: Partitioning of melt energy and meltwater fluxes in the ablation zone of the west Greenland ice sheet, The Cryosphere, 2, 179–189, &lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-2-179-2008&quot;&gt;https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2-179-2008&lt;/a&gt;, 2008.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref45">
<label>45</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Truffer, M., Harrison, W. D., and March, R.S.: Correspondence, Journal of Glaciology, 51, 663–664, 2005.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref46">
<label>46</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Van den Broeke, M. R., Bamber, J., Ettema, J., Rignot, E., Schrama, E., Van de Berg, W. J., Meijgaard, E., Velicogna, I., and Wouters, B.: Partitioning recent Greenland mass loss, Science, 326, 984–986, 2009.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref47">
<label>47</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Van de Wal, R. S. W., Boot, W., Van den Broeke, M. R., Smeets, C. J. P. P., Reijmer, C. H., Donkers, J. J. A., and Oerlemans, J.: Large and rapid melt-induced velocity changes in the ablation zone of the Greenland Ice Sheet, Science, 321, 111–113, 2008.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref48">
<label>48</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Van de Wal, R. S. W., Boot, Smeets, C. J. P. P., W., Snellen, H., Van den Broeke, M. R., and Oerlemans, J.: Twenty-one years of mass balance observations along the-K-transect, West Greenland, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 4, 31–35, 2012.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref49">
<label>49</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Zwally, H. J., Abdalati, W., Herring, T., Larson, K., Saba, J., and Steffen, K.: Surface melt-induced acceleration of Greenland Ice-Sheet flow, Science, 297, 218–222, 2002.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>