TC The Cryosphere TC The Cryosphere 1994-0424 Copernicus Publications Göttingen, Germany 10.5194/tc-7-1839-2013 Supercooled interfacial water in fine-grained soils probed by dielectric spectroscopy Lorek A. 1 Wagner N. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5416-7162 2 German Aerospace Center (DLR), Berlin, Germany Institute of Material Research and Testing at the Bauhaus-University Weimar, Weimar, Germany 06 12 2013 7 6 1839 1855 Copyright: © 2013 A. Lorek 2013 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This article is available from https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/7/1839/2013/tc-7-1839-2013.html The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/7/1839/2013/tc-7-1839-2013.pdf

Water substantially affects nearly all physical, chemical and biological processes on the Earth. Recent Mars observations as well as laboratory investigations suggest that water is a key factor of current physical and chemical processes on the Martian surface, e.g. rheological phenomena. Therefore it is of particular interest to get information about the liquid-like state of water on Martian analogue soils for temperatures below 0 °C. To this end, a parallel plate capacitor has been developed to obtain isothermal dielectric spectra of fine-grained soils in the frequency range from 10 Hz to 1.1 MHz at Martian-like temperatures down to −70 °C. Two Martian analogue soils have been investigated: a Ca-bentonite (specific surface of 237 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup>, up to 9.4% <i>w</i> / w</i> gravimetric water content) and JSC Mars 1, a volcanic ash (specific surface of 146 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup>, up to 7.4% <i>w</i> / <i>w</i>). Three soil-specific relaxation processes are observed in the investigated frequency–temperature range: two weak high-frequency processes (bound or hydrated water as well as ice) and a strong low-frequency process due to counter-ion relaxation and the Maxwell–Wagner effect. To characterize the dielectric relaxation behaviour, a generalized fractional dielectric relaxation model was applied assuming three active relaxation processes with relaxation time of the <i>i</i>th process modelled with an Eyring equation. The real part of effective complex soil permittivity at 350 kHz was used to determine ice and liquid-like water content by means of the Birchak or CRIM equation. There are evidence that bentonite down to −70 °C has a liquid-like water content of 1.17 monolayers and JSC Mars 1 a liquid-like water content of 1.96 monolayers.

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